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Science News Archive October 2015 - Page 30


Page 30 of 38

How the stick insect sticks (and unsticks) itself

Insects like stick insects can walk up vertical surfaces using adhesive pads on their feet, but scientists long believed that wet and dry feet required different mechanisms to adhere. New research reveals that the fluid on their feet plays a crucial role in controlling adhesion, with potential applications in modern devices.

SourceUniversity of Cambridge·JournalSoft Matter·DateOct 7, 2015

Researchers isolate novel urinary biomarkers that may indicate adrenal cancer

Researchers have discovered four unique metabolites in urine samples that can accurately distinguish between malignant and benign adrenal tumors. These biomarkers show high sensitivity (94.7%) and specificity (82.6%) for diagnosing cancer, potentially improving treatment decisions for patients with adrenal incidentalomas.

SourceAmerican College of Surgeons·JournalJournal of the American College of Surgeons·DateOct 7, 2015

A 'black'-sounding name makes people imagine a larger, more dangerous person

A study found that people's mind's-eye images of an unknown black male are similar to those of an unknown white male convicted of assault. The researchers also discovered that size and status are linked in opposite ways depending on the assumed race, with larger characters perceived as lower in social influence and respect.

SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles·JournalEvolution and Human Behavior·DateOct 7, 2015

Newly discovered 'design rule' brings nature-inspired nanostructures one step closer

Scientists at Berkeley Lab have discovered a 'design rule' that enables the creation of peptoid nanosheets, flat structures composed of synthetic polymers. The rule allows for counter-rotating patterns in polymer adhesion, resulting in linear and untwisted backbones and larger, flatter nanosheet structures than those found in nature.

The perfect match might be the imperfect one

A new study shows that half-matched donor bone marrow transplants can produce similar outcomes to full-match transplants, offering an alternative donor source for minorities and those without access to full matches. The Two-Step protocol used in the study may be a key factor in its success.

SourceThomas Jefferson University·JournalBiology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation·DateOct 7, 2015

Researchers need to pay attention to differences in self-control

A new study suggests that public policies should account for individuals' varying levels of self-control when assessing their effectiveness. The researchers recommend using domain-specific measures to better understand consumer behavior and decision-making. This approach can facilitate the development of more effective interventions, p...

SourceRice University·JournalJournal of Public Policy & Marketing·DateOct 7, 2015

Parents influence children's play of violent video games, according to Iowa State study

According to a new study by Iowa State University, parents' emotional states influence their children's behavior when it comes to playing violent video games. Warm and restrictive parenting styles can limit gaming time, while anxious and emotional parents may have the opposite effect. The research found that authoritative parents were ...

SourceIowa State University·JournalJournal of Consumer Affairs·DateOct 7, 2015

'Chromosomal Chaos:' Complex array of mutations found in rare, aggressive leukemia

Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine identified a previously unknown genomic landscape in Sezary syndrome, a rare and aggressive leukemia. The study reveals recurrent loss-of-function mutations in genes regulating epigenetic pathways, including ARID1A, which occurred in over 40% of the genome studied.

SourceUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine·JournalNature Communications·DateOct 7, 2015

Exposure to common flame retardants may contribute to attention problems in children

A recent study has found a strong association between prenatal exposure to common flame retardants and attention problems in children aged three through seven. The researchers followed 210 mother-child pairs from birth through early childhood and assessed child behavior using standardized rating scales, revealing that those with the hi...

SourceColumbia University's Mailman School of Public Health·JournalNeurotoxicology and Teratology·DateOct 7, 2015

Wastewater treatment plants not responsible for spreading antimicrobial resistance

New Danish research reveals that wastewater treatment plants contain a vast pool of genes providing bacteria with antimicrobial resistance, but these genes are rarely found in hazardous bacteria. The study challenges the common perception that wastewater treatment plants are hotbeds for the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes.

SourceTechnical University of Denmark·JournalNature Communications·DateOct 7, 2015

Study details prevalence of PTSD in Vietnam War women vets

Research shows that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects approximately 20.1% of women who served in Vietnam, with those exposed to sexual harassment or job performance pressure being at higher risk. The study emphasizes the importance of clinicians screening for PTSD symptoms and sensitivity to non-combat wartime experiences.

SourceJAMA Network·JournalJAMA Psychiatry·DateOct 7, 2015

CAMH survey shows over half of workers with depression do not recognize need for treatment

A study by CAMH found that 52.8% of workers with significant depressive symptoms did not recognize a need for help, leading to a 33% decrease in work productivity if this barrier is removed. Employers can target these barriers to increase the use of mental health services among workers.

SourceCentre for Addiction and Mental Health·JournalJournal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine·DateOct 7, 2015