Researchers found that lower than normal blood levels of vitamin D were associated with an increased risk of early signs of interstitial lung disease, a condition that can lead to progressive lung damage. Vitamin D deficiency was linked to larger volumes of damaged lung tissue and abnormalities on full lung scans.
Empa researcher Sebastian Siol develops new phase of manganese selenide and telluride alloy, displaying useful piezoelectric properties. The material combination is promising for various applications such as smart windows, gas sensors and semiconductor coatings.
A new study by FSU Associate Professor Amy Burdette found that religious involvement does not significantly affect women's misuse of prescription drugs, including opioids. Research showed a lower probability of illicit drug use among church attendees compared to those who attend services less frequently.
The American College of Physicians' 2018 guidance statement suggests a new target hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level for most patients with type 2 diabetes, ranging from 7% to 8%. This range is higher than previous guidelines and may have significant implications for diabetes treatment.
A Loyola Medicine study found lax, rubbery eyelids in 53% of sleep apnea patients, associated with the most severe cases. Sleep apnea affects an estimated 34% of men and 17% of women, but up to 80% remain undiagnosed.
A new study finds that the shutdown of two nuclear power plants in Pennsylvania will not significantly impact power prices due to low natural gas prices. The research suggests that efficient natural gas power plants have increased capacity, making it difficult for nuclear power to compete with competitive market outcomes.
Researchers discover highly faulted and organized 'Durmid ladder structure' in southern California, which could be nucleation site for next M>7.5 earthquake on the San Andreas Fault. The structure is at least 25 km long and features tens of master faults along its edges.
Researchers have found that participants over the age of 65 experience a slower progression of Alzheimer's disease when treated with Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS-f), regardless of when their device was turned on. This suggests that DBS could be a potential treatment for mild, late-onset Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology have made significant breakthroughs in understanding how alloys behave at high temperatures. The new findings provide a better understanding of the role of reactive elements and water vapour in promoting the growth of an aluminium oxide scale, leading to faster-growing, nanocrystalline o...
Monash researchers have created a computer model that can predict which combination of drugs will be most effective in treating triple negative breast cancer. The model, developed using genetic and treatment data from hundreds of patients, reveals a previously unknown combination of two drugs that may be successful.
A gene signature in the bloodstream could reveal whether someone is going to develop active tuberculosis disease months before symptoms begin. Researchers developed a new 20-gene signature that distinguishes between TB and viral infections, showing promise for early detection and treatment.
Researchers at University of Kansas developed a new formula to predict ice flow in Greenland and Antarctica glaciers that reduces uncertainty in future sea-level rise predictions. The study found subglacial water pressure controls the speed of ice flow, rather than basal friction.
Researchers at Binghamton University have developed a method to detect 'butterfly' landmines, which are difficult to locate due to their small size and design. The use of low-cost commercial drones and infrared cameras can rapidly identify these mines and reduce costs and labor required for mine clearing operations.
New research published in The Journal of Physiology reveals that exercise can reduce chronic inflammation in obese individuals. By changing the characteristics of their blood-forming stem cells, exercise decreases the number of blood cells associated with inflammation.
New research from the University of Exeter found that hypnosis can reduce fear and worry associated with injections and other needle procedures in children with cancer. The study suggests that hypnosis may be a valuable tool to improve mental health during cancer treatment.
Beneficial rainfall from hurricane Bud's remnants has spread into the U.S. Desert Southwest, helping to alleviate drought and wildfires. The heaviest rainfall over land occurred in northwestern Mexico with over 200 mm (7.9 inches) indicated.
A new mechanism has been identified that triggers multiple sclerosis disease through epigenetic regulation, with a protective variant reducing the risk. The study found that people with the major risk variant HLA-DRB1*15:01 have increased expression of the HLA-DRB1 gene, increasing the risk for MS.
A longitudinal study found that having a good relationship with a sibling can protect against the negative consequences of witnessing repeated hostility between parents. Siblings who had good bonds were less likely to experience distress and subsequent mental health problems.
Researchers from the University of Central Florida found that high-performing medical students are more likely to skip non-mandatory in-class sessions without affecting their performance on final exams. This challenges traditional views that attendance is a key indicator of academic success.
Regions with sharp declines in flying insects also experience high levels of light pollution, suggesting a link between artificial light and insect population declines. Light pollution can disrupt natural behavior, cause genetic exchange limitations, and impact ecosystem services like pollination.
Researchers explain Auger recombination in graphene as prohibited by classical laws due to quantum uncertainty. They found conditions for low probability and propose viable graphene-based lasers using low-energy carriers.
A pioneering CAR T-cell immunotherapy trial has been launched at Seattle Children's for children and young adults with relapsed or refractory HER2-positive central nervous system (CNS) tumors. The trial aims to provide these patients with a second line of defense by delivering cancer-fighting CAR T cells directly into the brain.
Researchers analyze RFK's injuries from 1968 assassination, noting similarities between then and now in gunshot wound care. They conclude that while aggressive treatment was made to save Kennedy, his severe brain injury would likely be fatal with modern techniques.
A recent study found that palm oil plantations release more carbon than previously thought, with a loss of 174 tons per hectare, compared to 159 and 116 tons for intensive and extensive rubber farming. The soil also loses fertility, requiring fertilizers to maintain productivity.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health have developed a method to determine diet adherence from a blood sample. By analyzing small molecules called 'metabolites' in the blood, they found that levels differed significantly between participants following a prescribed diet and those not adhering to it.
Researchers have identified over half of the strains as having anti-microbial activity, indicating potential for producing antimicrobial natural products. A key finding was the identification of a strain producing metabolites more potent than vancomycin against C. difficile.
A study published in PLOS Medicine found that the average 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular disease varies widely among India's states, ranging from 13.2% to 19.5%. The researchers identified substantial variation in CVD risk both among states and across socio-demographic groups.
Scientists have uncovered a new species of chancelloriid, an ancient group of spiny tube-shaped animals that lived during the Cambrian Period. The discovery provides fresh insights into the evolution of early animals, with the fossil resembling modern sponges in pattern of body growth.
A new study reveals children's immune systems can control infections and prevent sepsis, a disease responsible for more UK deaths than cancer combined. The research identifies key responses in children's cells that help them ward off severe infections.
A new blood test for autism has been validated for its exceptional success, predicting autism spectrum disorder with 88% accuracy in a second trial. The test uses an algorithm to analyze metabolites in a blood sample, offering a potential solution to lower the age of diagnosis and improve treatment outcomes.
Researchers reveal how oncogenic mutant cells selectively occupy space in tissues without cell division. They found that after the death of normal cells, oncogenic mutant cells expanded through rearrangement of the honeycomb packing pattern.
The Hong Kong University (HKU) team designed the world's first intra-operative MRI-guided robot for bilateral stereotactic neurosurgery. This innovation enables accurate and safe brain surgery, targeting tiny nucleus structures with minimal damage to surrounding tissue.
Research in mice suggests that antibiotics alter the redox potential of the gut environment, leading to changes in microbial communities. The study proposes new ecological models for how antibiotics reshape the gut microbiome and could inform the development of drugs to treat microbial disorders or prevent antibiotic-associated infecti...
Scientists have developed a method for detecting molecular fingerprints of toxic, explosive, and polluting substances using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with a black silicon (b-Si) substrate. The technique offers high accuracy and non-invasiveness.
A new study by North Carolina State University researchers found that companies incorporated in tax haven countries with weak governance are more likely to engage in practices benefiting executives at the cost of their shareholders. These companies paid an average of 83% less in dividends to shareholders, compared to those in well-regu...
UMass Lowell researchers aim to develop methods for robots to assess their performance in real-time, enabling better task completion and increased efficiency. The SUCCESS project will utilize humanoid robots like Baxter to evaluate their abilities and limitations, leading to improved human-robot collaboration and trust.
A recent study found that teenagers with autism and social communication difficulties are more likely to experience depressive symptoms when bullied. The research suggests that targeting bullying interventions could help reduce depression in autistic teens.
Researchers have discovered a glycoside called arbutin, extracted from the bearberry plant, that can break up kidney stones. The molecule has shown remarkable ability to dissolve kidney stones in pre-clinical studies, offering a potential new treatment option for patients.
Researchers at MIT have developed a new chip design called Navion that can process camera images and inertial measurements in real-time, allowing for accurate navigation of miniature drones. The chip consumes just 24 milliwatts of power and is about the size of a LEGO minifigure's footprint.
Lobachevsky University researchers develop high-density ceramic composite inert fuel matrices to burn plutonium and transmute minor actinides. The composites exhibit improved hardness, fracture toughness, and thermophysical properties.
Researchers have developed a 3D-printed device that stores information reversibly using photoactive molecules and polymers. The technique expands the toolbox of advanced materials available to engineers, enabling complex designs like QR codes or barcodes to be encoded and erased.
Researchers have identified a protein called STING, which is nearly identical in both humans and fruit flies, triggering an immune response to invading bacteria. This discovery provides a new model organism for studying human immunity and developing infection-fighting medicines.
Researchers found that individuals living at high altitude have shorter lower arm segments but relatively similar upper arm and hand lengths compared to those living at low altitudes. This suggests the human body prioritizes energy allocation for growth, particularly in essential areas like manual dexterity.
Russian scientists developed smart materials to create high-strength and plastic alloys, enabling efficient use in microelectronics and aviation. The project's goal is to achieve homogeneity of the microstructure and nano-dispersity, resulting in a combination of high strength and plasticity.
A study by University of East Anglia found that vaping supports long-term smoking abstinence and even encourages those who don't want to quit. Vapers reported improved respiratory function, taste, and smell after switching from cigarettes.
Researchers used machine learning to improve cloud representation in climate models, which is crucial for predicting global warming and greenhouse gas concentrations. The approach, called Cloud Brain, demonstrates promising results in fully coupled climate models.
A pilot study found that a simple problem-solving task activated the region responsible for memory function in athletes with concussions, potentially improving symptoms of depression and anxiety. The research challenges current guidelines recommending total inactivity after a brain injury.
Researchers at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre discovered that epigenetic proteins promote mammary gland stem cell proliferation in response to progesterone. Inhibiting these proteins with drugs could potentially prevent breast cancer development in women at high risk of the disease.
Researchers found that estrogen therapy changes microbial composition and activity in the gut, affecting how estrogens are metabolized. Probiotics may be used to manipulate the gut biome to improve estrogen-replacement therapy's benefits without increasing cancer risks.
A stress-related disorder was associated with an increased risk of developing autoimmune disease in a Swedish study involving over 106,000 patients. The study found that individuals with stress-related disorders were more likely to develop conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.
Researchers at National Institutes of Natural Sciences and United States collaborators discover turbulence exists in magnetic island, propagates faster toward center than modulated temperature change. This breakthrough demonstrates new way to suppress turbulence using propagation idea.
Researchers have identified novel genes associated with childhood-onset schizophrenia, a rare form of the disorder. The discovery is expected to aid in diagnosis and the development of treatments for this severe condition.
A comprehensive analysis of research and clinical reports reveals that psychological stress contributes to vision loss and disease progression. A holistic treatment approach combining stress management, patient education, and vision recovery techniques may be effective in interrupting this cycle.
Researchers at EPFL demonstrated electric field control of spin in germanium telluride and multiferroic semiconductors using SARPES technique. This breakthrough enables programmable semiconductor-based spintronics with reduced energy consumption.
Researchers at the University of Queensland found that triclosan can induce antibiotic resistance by accelerating the spread of multi-drug resistant bacteria. The study suggests that high residual levels of triclosan in everyday environments are contributing to the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance.
A study by researchers at the University of York found that smiling images are more easily matched to other images of the same person and distinguished from similar-looking identities. The team's research suggests replacing neutral expressions with open mouth smiles can improve face matching accuracy.
A new review suggests that lion conservation research should consider the environment, wild prey, and domesticated livestock to develop effective policies. Interdisciplinary research teams with expertise in biology, ecology, economics, sociology, and more can help address the complex issue of human-lion conflict.
A new study by St. Michael's Hospital found that one in three adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) visit the emergency department annually. Effective primary care can reduce these numbers by increasing continuity of care and preventive measures.
A new study led by MIT researchers found that taking modest climate action could prevent extreme water-shortage scenarios in Asia by 2050. The study simulated various economic and climate pathways for the continent, revealing a 50% chance of increased water stress in southern and eastern Asia.
The INFORMS Society for Marketing Science honored research papers by Rotman School Marketing faculty, with Prof. Avi Goldfarb and Catherine Tucker's paper 'Online Display Advertising: Targeting and Obtrusiveness' receiving the 2018 Long Term Impact Award.