The new Glasgow Coma Scale-Pupils score (GCS-P) tool combines GCS scores and pupil reactivity to provide a more comprehensive assessment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) severity and prognosis. The GCS-P has been validated to be as predictive as other, more complex models, while being easy to apply and communicate.
Researchers developed alternative catalysts made of cheaper and more readily available materials with equally high efficiency. The study found that the structure and composition of iron-nickel sulphide influence its electrocatalytic properties.
Researchers at UTSA investigate the potential for vaccine development against Cryptococcus, a fungus that can cause deadly fungal meningitis in immunocompromised individuals. The study highlights the need for further research to overcome current challenges in distinguishing between human and fungal cells.
A novel point-of-care Hepatitis C assay has been developed to diagnose chronic cases in asymptomatic patients, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The assay detects HCV RNA reliably, faster than existing methods, and can be used at the point of care, reducing the need for centralized laboratories.
Researchers at UEA are using silent marine robots to record underwater sounds, providing valuable information on sea-surface wind speed and monitoring storms. The robots can also eavesdrop on marine life, such as whales and dolphins, and detect human activities like marine traffic and seismic surveys.
A recent study found that malnutrition and anemia prevalence among Rohingya children in a Bangladeshi refugee camp is alarming, exceeding emergency thresholds of 15% and 40%, respectively. The study highlights the urgent need for targeted nutrition support to address this critical public health issue.
The April 2018 issue of Vascular Medicine explores the latest imaging and diagnostic techniques for vascular disease. Key findings include updates on ABI testing, duplex ultrasound, MRA, and CTA, as well as recent advances in MRI for patients with PAD.
A new study published in Scientific Reports found that vertebrate species, including humans, exposed to stress prenatally tend to have higher stress hormones after birth. The researchers analyzed data from all known studies across vertebrates and found consistent effects of prenatal stress on offspring stress hormone levels.
Research from the University of Copenhagen found a U-shaped relationship between HDL cholesterol levels and risk of infectious diseases. Individuals with both very low and very high HDL cholesterol had high risks of hospitalization and death from infectious diseases, including gastroenteritis and pneumonia.
A Norwegian study reveals that even mild concussions can lead to long-term headache woes, affecting twice as many people as the general population. The research highlights the need for closer follow-up of patients with head injuries who experience persistent headaches.
A new scoring system, GCS-Pupil, improves the assessment of brain injuries by adding a simple score for pupil response. This allows doctors to quickly predict patient conditions and make informed decisions about care.
The proposed system, called FabRec, would allow companies to share manufacturing data in a secure and reliable manner, increasing transparency and efficiency in the supply chain. This public network could help small- and medium-scale manufacturers gain access to potential clients, while also promoting accountability and authenticity.
Research finds that coastal stream restoration projects are unevenly distributed across central California, favoring areas with more affluent residents. The study analyzed 699 sites of publicly funded restoration projects between Santa Cruz and Santa Barbara counties, identifying native fish presence as the primary ecological driver an...
Researchers found all frailty scores associated with future mortality, and some linked to cardiovascular disease but none to cancer. Certain scores outperform others for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular health outcomes.
Researchers at NIST created a plasmomechanical oscillator (PMO) that modulates light and amplifies extremely weak mechanical and electrical signals. The device, composed of a gold nanoparticle and a silicon nitride cantilever, can amplify faint signals with amplitudes as small as ten trillionths of a meter.
Studies found that a specific brain circuit regulates daily aggression patterns, which can be controlled to minimize evening-time agitation common in dementia patients. By manipulating this circuit, researchers aim to develop new treatments for managing sundowning syndrome.
In a study on Baltimore neighborhoods, researchers found that mosquito bites vary by socioeconomic status, with rats being the primary blood meal source in lower-income areas. Humans and cats are also bitten, but proportionally more frequently in higher-income neighborhoods due to human behavior.
A team of researchers from the Wellcome Sanger Institute has discovered a human receptor protein on the surface of cells that malaria parasites interact with as they navigate through the body. This finding provides a key clue in understanding how to develop an effective malaria vaccine, potentially saving millions of lives.
A composite thin film made of two different inorganic oxide materials significantly improves the performance of solar cells by optimizing its ability to absorb and convert sunlight into electricity. The material achieves a record power conversion efficiency of up to 4.2%, making it promising for future solar technologies.
The Childhood Obesity Declines Project (COBD) has successfully implemented community-based strategies to combat childhood obesity, documenting their development and implementation. The project's findings provide valuable insights into effective programs and policies that can help address the rising prevalence of childhood obesity.
A team of international palaeontologists has discovered a giant ichthyosaur fossil in the UK, estimated to be around 25-26 meters long. The find solves a 150-year-old mystery and refutes previous identifications of dinosaur bones from the same location.
A new study reveals hostile neighbors use subversion to keep weak countries weak, impacting security, economic growth and human well-being. Lead author Melissa M. Lee's research found that bordering states or outside actors significantly affect a country's ability to govern itself.
A recent study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology found that Medicaid expansion in Michigan did not negatively impact patient outcomes for coronary artery disease procedures. The research used data from 7,558 CABG procedures and 45,183 PCI procedures performed at various hospitals across the state.
A large study found that controlling blood pressure with antihypertensive medications can significantly reduce the risk of dementia in older African-American men and women. The research suggests that good blood pressure control at any age is crucial for preventing cognitive decline.
A new study by Bar-Ilan University researchers found that adult offspring of Holocaust survivors experience heightened anxiety and filial obligation when caring for their elderly parents. The study suggests that this trauma is transmitted across generations, affecting mental health markers such as depression and anxiety.
A study published in The Annals of Family Medicine explored the perspectives of practice leaders and facilitators on quality improvement programs. Findings suggest that targeted, practice facilitator-supported efforts can be effective in assisting small practices, rather than large-scale initiatives.
New gene editing regulations could hinder the use of CRISPR technology in food animals, potentially limiting disease resistance and beneficial traits. The FDA's proposal would impose drug-like regulatory scrutiny, but experts suggest alternative routes to approval that could accelerate benefits from conventional breeding.
A new study found that people with epilepsy in England and Wales are at a higher risk of dying from suicide and accidents. The research analyzed data from over 44,000 people with epilepsy compared to those without the condition, revealing a five-fold increase in accidental medication poisoning deaths among those with epilepsy.
A study from Indiana University finds that white flight occurs when nonwhite residents move into a neighborhood, regardless of socioeconomic factors. Once a community reaches a certain threshold of diversity, white flight becomes more likely, with areas losing an average of 40% of their white population over a decade.
Resistance training increases autophagosome content in young men's muscles, but this effect may be reduced by aging. The study found that UPR is activated by resistance exercise regardless of age, suggesting similar muscle adaptation between young and older individuals.
Researchers have identified genetic links between ALS and frontotemporal dementia, suggesting that treatments for one may also work for the other. The study found common genetic variations associated with both disorders, including those near the MAPT gene and BNIP1.
Study finds that hospital ownership positively impacts practice work environment and burnout rates for staff. Clinicians in federally qualified health centers experience a more negative work environment, highlighting differences in perception of adaptive reserve.
Slow slip events (SSEs) release seismic stress at a lower rate than large earthquakes, potentially triggering megathrust earthquake events. The study analyzed waveform data from beneath Kanto, Japan, and found that seismic activity varied in response to SSEs, through episodic cycles.
Tropical Cyclone Keni has intensified into a tropical cyclone after consolidating over Vanuatu in the Southern Pacific Ocean. NASA's Suomi NPP satellite captured its true-color image on April 9, showing the storm's center surrounded by thunderstorms.
Mice fed on high-fat or chocolate-based diets exhibit abnormal feeding behaviors such as snacking and bingeing. The study reveals that extended access to hypercaloric diets impairs control of food seeking behavior, leading to negative effects on learning, motivation, and behavioral flexibility.
A recent study found substantial variation in the use of quality improvement strategies among small- to medium-size US primary care practices. These practices may require external support to enhance their ability to implement quality improvements and adapt to new payment and delivery models.
Researchers identified two transmissible cancers in Tasmanian devils, suggesting a genetic problem with cell regulation that increases disease risk. The effective drugs discovered may also play a role in wound repair pathways, potentially linked to the devils' frequent facial injuries.
A new study published in PNAS demonstrates that a novel hormone replacement therapy can improve cognitive function and working memory capacity in patients with adrenal insufficiency. The therapy involves replicating the natural secretion patterns of cortisol, resulting in better outcomes compared to traditional constant infusion methods.
Researchers identified a seizure-triggered pathway that contributes to blood-brain barrier dysfunction in epilepsy. Blocking the activity of an enzyme called cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) prevented capillary leakage and associated changes.
Five Columbia engineering professors have received NSF CAREER Awards for their groundbreaking research. Agostino Capponi develops a framework to increase resilience of global financial markets, while Daniel Esposito creates electocatalytic materials for abundant solar fuels.
Scientists at Oregon Health & Science University have developed a new method to quickly and efficiently recognize the subtypes of cells within the body. This technology, led by Andrew Adey, allows for profiling thousands of cells simultaneously, improving our understanding of disease at the molecular level.
A study using electroencephalography found that brain activity in the precuneus region of the parietal cortex plays a crucial role in detecting changes in natural sounds. Participants who were exposed to a longer sound stimulus reacted faster and identified changes more accurately.
A recent study by Kamal Henderson et al found no association between high leadership capabilities and improved population blood pressure control. Despite this, the study highlights the need for more research due to limited patient-related factors and small sample size.
A team of researchers has found that a specific bacterium in the microbiota of leafcutter ants produces trail pheromones, which guide the ants to their nests without deviation. The pyrazine-producing bacteria were discovered by chance while investigating the ants' defense against parasitic fungi.
A promising class of drugs, known as CD40 monoclonal antibodies, could be the spark needed to light the fire in the immune system of patients who don't respond to cancer immunotherapies. These drugs activate antigen-presenting cells to prime tumor-specific T cell responses.
A new biomarker identified a 'window of opportunity' for cancer chemotherapy timing, optimizing the effectiveness of anti-angiogenic and anticancer drug combinations. The biomarker, CD109 expression in vascular endothelial cells, correlates with tumor cell growth and enables the visualization of proliferating blood vessels.
Researchers found that natural language use decreases self-centeredness and increases complexity as people mature, while informal language and impulsivity are associated with lower ego levels. The study provides new insights into understanding personality development through everyday language.
The new approach enhances audio-analysis machines to process noisy environments by combining scalograms and spectrograms with convolutional neural networks. This improves sound classification, enabling better identification of isolated sounds like gunshots and music or speech in complex scenes.
The discovery of a 90,000-year-old Homo sapiens fossil in Saudi Arabia reveals early dispersals into Eurasia were more expansive than previously thought. The finding suggests that early humans colonized a broader region of southwest Asia than previously believed.
The journal published a special issue on valvular heart disease, featuring case reports and major reviews that will contribute to the field. Key findings include challenges in managing patients with severe aortic stenosis and ischemic mitral regurgitation.
Researchers from Université de Montréal and CHU Sainte-Justine have made a major breakthrough in understanding Rasmussen's encephalitis, a rare inflammatory brain disease. Humanized mice studies have confirmed the disease is autoimmune, enabling precise diagnoses and personalized treatment.
The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB) has announced its annual award lecturers, who will present at the Annual Meeting in San Diego from April 21-25. The awards recognize outstanding contributions to biochemistry and molecular biology.
Researchers from Skoltech and MIPT have developed a device for upgrading mass spectrometers, enabling the analysis of one substance from four different perspectives or multiple samples simultaneously. This improves upon conventional mass spectrometers, which analyze one substance at a time.
An independent review suggests that on-site pill testing could reduce fatalities from 'party drugs' like ecstasy and methamphetamines by providing information on their quality and purity. The author argues that pragmatic initiatives like pill testing are needed to replace criminal justice responses.
The CNRS secured 15 out of 34 French projects funded by the ERC Advanced Grants, marking a significant lead among European hosting institutions. This achievement comes at a time when the CNRS has demonstrated its expertise in various scientific domains.
Scientists at the University of Bonn and Caesar research institute built a one-wheeled vehicle using DNA rings, achieving a length of 240 nanometers on its test drive. The nanomachine uses chemical energy to rotate and is controlled by an RNA thread that grows as it moves.
A recent study published in PLOS ONE has confirmed the association of a chromosomal genetic variant with increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AFib) in Latinos. Latino individuals carrying the rs10033464 SNP at chromosome 4q25 are found to be at a 2.3-fold increased risk for developing AFib.
New research from the University of York suggests that highly mobile eyebrows may have enabled humans to express nuanced emotions, establish large social networks, and form social bonds. The study contributes to ongoing debates about the evolution of brow ridges in human ancestors.
Tropical Cyclone Iris' remnants linger in the Coral Sea as NASA's Suomi NPP satellite captures visible images of the low-pressure area. The bulk of precipitation is located in the southern and eastern quadrants due to northwesterly vertical wind shear.
Six scientists who served on the National Commission on Forensic Science are advocating for increased research and financial support of forensic science, as well as empirical testing requirements. They aim to reduce reliance on historical precedent and ensure the validity of forensic evidence to deliver justice.