A world collection of over 22,000 barley varieties has been characterised at the molecular level, enabling effective use of genebank collections in research and breeding. The dataset guides the identification of duplicate samples and provides insights into global barley diversity.
A team of scientists, with citizen initiative help, confirms Rhizostoma luteum's presence and abundance in Mediterranean waters over the past 60 years. More than 150 observations since 1998 reveal it's not a rare species.
Scientists at The Wistar Institute have successfully engineered novel DNA-encoded monoclonal antibodies targeting Zaire Ebolavirus, which offered complete and long-term protection against lethal virus challenges. The study provides a simple, rapid, and reproducible approach for immunization and evaluation of antibody efficacy.
Researchers developed a combinatorial gene therapy approach that inhibits inflammation and promotes pro-anabolic cartilage genes, preserving articular cartilage better than each approach alone. This strategy was shown to be effective in both moderate and severe post-traumatic osteoarthritis models.
New research from the University of East Anglia reveals that heatwaves can halve male reproductive fitness, reducing offspring production by three-quarters. The study found that heatwaves also damage inseminated sperm within female reproductive tracts, leading to reduced fertility and population viability.
A new study has shown that genomic profiling can provide meaningful information for more than half of people with rare cancers, influencing diagnosis and treatment. The trial found that 20% of participants received a new treatment plan, and 6% were given a new diagnosis.
Researchers found that using low-cost portable air purifiers at home significantly lowered urban seniors' fine particulate matter exposure and blood pressure. The study showed a 40% reduction in air pollutant exposure and an average of 3.4 mm Hg decrease in systolic blood pressure.
A triple therapy combining two immune checkpoint inhibitors with standard-of-care chemotherapy has shown a complete response rate of 43% and projected one-year overall survival of 58%. The treatment approach showed promising results, but more study is needed to confirm its effectiveness.
Researchers have successfully created functional metalenses using layered 2D materials, achieving record-thin levels of optical lensing. The development opens up new possibilities for constructing nanophotonic devices entirely out of 2D materials.
A new study published in eLife suggests that activating the protein ISGF3 could be a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with clear cell renal cancer. ISGF3 regulates key tumor suppressor genes and acts as a brake on tumor growth, which can be disabled by loss of secondary tumor suppressors.
A 99-million-year-old flower fossil discovered in Burmese amber sheds light on the sudden appearance of angiosperms. The find indicates that Core Eudicots, a group including apple and cherry trees, flourished on Earth around 100 million years ago.
A study in Scientific Reports identifies mechanisms of pesticide resistance in cattle ticks, which contribute to significant economic losses. The study reveals that the ticks' ability to detoxify toxicants, including ivermectin, is a key factor in their resistance.
The USPSTF recommends screening adults 18 and older for unhealthy alcohol use in primary care settings. Brief behavioral counseling interventions can also help reduce hazardous drinking. In contrast, the evidence is insufficient regarding screening in adolescents 12-17. The goal is to prevent premature death and birth defects related t...
Researchers at Kanazawa University identify osteopontin as a key player in HCV replication and stemness in cancer stem cells. The study reveals that osteopontin regulates HCV replication, tumor initiation, and metastasis through the OPN-CD44 axis.
Bell nonlocality and EPR steering are characterized using strict definitions, establishing a foundation for defining metric functions of Bell locality and EPR steering. The study generalizes previous results and provides sufficient conditions for determining the quantum state's EPR steerability.
Research suggests moderate coffee consumption may reduce type 2 diabetes risk by 25%, with potential mechanisms including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The Institute for Scientific Information on Coffee reports findings from a meta-analysis of 30 studies involving over 1.1 million participants.
A new drug, IPdR, has been shown to be safe and effective in boosting radiotherapy for patients with various gastrointestinal cancers. The drug, a prodrug that converts into the active IUdR, can be taken orally and creates high levels of IUdR in the bloodstream, making cancer cells more susceptible to radiation.
Researchers developed a new scheduling system that considers the actual cost of delayed passengers, including missed connections and rebooking costs. The system reduced delay costs by up to 6.4% and minimized flight delays by 8.6-65.4%.
Researchers have discovered a way to harness the power of purple phototrophic bacteria to recover valuable biofuels from organic waste in wastewater treatment plants. By using an electric current to optimize metabolic output, they can generate hydrogen gas with near-100% carbon recovery and minimal CO2 emissions.
The new material allows for more data to be stored on CDs and microchips, with potential applications in high-density memories and devices that mimic human brains. It also addresses a problem called drift, which affects current materials' stability.
A decline in Canadian-based researchers winning major health research prizes has been observed over the past few decades. Funding patterns and inconsistent government funding may be contributing factors to this trend.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have developed BespoKV, a novel framework that enables high-performance computing (HPC) data systems to thrive with flexibility and scalability. By leveraging key value systems in an innovative way, supercomputers can process huge amounts of data efficiently.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University developed a synthetic molecule that can recognize and bind to double-stranded DNA or RNA under normal physiological conditions. The Janus gamma PNAs have an extraordinarily high binding energy and can be designed to target genomic DNA for gene editing and transcriptional regulation.
A pioneering study analyzing social media photos found citizens favor natural landscapes integrated with grey infrastructure, such as buildings, roads, and bridges. Proximity to these areas, especially those accessible by public transport, plays a critical role in landscape aesthetics.
Researchers at the University of Bristol discovered that moth wing scales can absorb echolocation sound frequencies used by bats. The finding could lead to development of thin and lightweight resonant sound absorbers.
The FIT project aims to address high youth football injury rates in Sweden by combining biomedical and social science disciplines. The study analyzes multiple datasets to identify risk factors, including growth, training intensity, and pressure to perform.
A new study reveals that global warming continued unabated since the Industrial Revolution, with a constant rate of change after World War II. The hiatus, often attributed to internal variability and external forcing, is actually a decadal balance between global warming and cooling from anomalous sea surface temperatures in the equator...
Researchers found that being overweight causes depression, rather than associated illnesses such as diabetes. The study used genomic data from over 48,000 people with depression and compared them to a control group of over 290,000 people.
Researchers have developed a new approach to improve the efficiency of perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells by using textures and a polymer light management foil. This design achieved an efficiency of 25.5%, outperforming previous records, and has the potential to reach up to 32.5% with further improvements.
Researchers report a three-fold increase in atmospheric iodine deposition since 1950 due to increased oceanic emissions driven by enhanced ozone levels from nitrogen oxide emissions. The French Alps' summer iodine concentrations tripled between 1950 and 1995, consistent with chemical transport model simulations.
A study published in Nature Cell Biology reveals the importance of the CENP-T pathway in ensuring accurate and timely chromosome segregation during cell division. The research, led by Osaka University, shows that this pathway is essential for successful mitosis and could lead to therapeutic options for diseases involving dysfunctional ...
The University of Copenhagen has received a grant to upgrade its ALICE and ATLAS detectors, allowing for increased collisions and the discovery of new particles. The upgrades aim to unveil the remaining 95% of the universe's substances, which are currently provisionally understood.
A joint UCLA/Caltech team has developed a new technique to determine the 3D structures of small molecules, such as hormones and medications, in under 30 minutes. The method uses micro-electron diffraction and relies on the presence of tiny crystals within the samples.
Researchers presented a phase 2 trial showing capivasertib's potential in treating various types of cancer with the AKT mutation. The treatment resulted in tumor shrinkage in 23% of patients and prolonged time without tumor growth for 52%.
A new study of over 72,000 women found that simple ovarian cysts are normal and extremely common, with no association to a higher risk of ovarian cancer. Simple cysts should be considered normal findings in women of any age and can be safely ignored unless symptomatic.
A study found that individuals recently released from prison were less likely to receive a doctor's appointment compared to control group members. The likelihood of obtaining an appointment was significantly lower for those with a recent prison history, despite a universal healthcare system.
Scientists have discovered that excess fat in obese individuals clogs up the molecular machinery of Natural Killer cells, preventing them from killing tumour cells. This research outlines possible paths to re-programming and restoring the cancer-fighting abilities of these cells.
Scientists discovered how mutations in the IP3R1 protein contribute to degenerative movements disorders like spinocerebellar ataxias. By disrupting calcium release, these mutations impair motor control and lead to cerebellum dysfunction.
A new study reveals that coral reef fish employ a sequence of well-defined decision rules to generate evasion behavior in complex natural environments. The escape response is influenced by the perceived size and expansion rate of the threat stimulus, as well as the location of nearby safe shelter.
A new study from St. Michael's Hospital found that phone calls were more effective than mailed letters in encouraging patients overdue for cancer screening to receive tests. Phone calls resulted in a 25% increase in screening rates compared to letters, particularly among women and men.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have found a link between low levels of specific microRNA molecules and the development of pediatric brain tumors. Increasing these molecules may potentially treat low-grade gliomas, which affect mostly school-age children and young adults.
A study reveals putative epigenetic signatures of chronic undernutrition tied to growth stunting in humans. Chronic undernutrition can result in persistent effects throughout adulthood, with changes in histone methylation patterns found in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from undernourished children.
A groundbreaking new study by UC Davis researchers has found that obesity can hinder immunotherapy treatments, but also improve survival rates in some obese patients. The study discovered that increased leptin levels in obese individuals correlate with enhanced expression of PD-1 checkpoint protein.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University have developed a personalized tissue implant technology that uses patients' own cells and materials, allowing for the creation of any type of tissue implant with minimal immune response risk. This breakthrough has the potential to regenerate damaged or diseased organs with high efficiency.
Researchers develop a new, more realistic model of human interaction, finding that cooperation is unstable without open communication. The study reveals that even a single difference of opinion can lead to dramatic effects and polarization in the population.
A recent study found that the Mauritian flying fox is responsible for only some fruit damage and can be managed effectively without culling. The research recommends alternative methods such as pruning trees and using nets to reduce losses.
A new study reveals that klotho acts as a shield between the brain and immune system, protecting against age-related cognitive decline. The research found that low levels of klotho in the choroid plexus lead to increased brain inflammation, which can impair brain functions.
Since 2012, prescription opioids dispensed to children and adolescents have decreased, with an average of 4 per 1,000 children receiving an outpatient opioid prescription in 2009-2012. Long-term opioid prescription use has also declined since the start of 2017.
Researchers have found evidence of multiple environmental triggers for Kawasaki Disease, with clusters associated with distinct atmospheric patterns and warmer conditions in Southern California. Gene expression analysis revealed distinct groups of patients based on their gene expression pattern, suggesting varying causes for the disease.
The US Department of Health and Human Services has released updated physical activity guidelines for Americans, emphasizing the importance of regular exercise in improving health and reducing chronic disease risk. The guidelines recommend at least 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous aerobic activity or muscle-strengthening activities p...
A randomized clinical trial found that an exercise intervention including resistance, balance, and walking exercises improved functional capacity scales at hospital discharge. The study showed benefits for cognitive status among older hospitalized patients.
Research studies by Cedars-Sinai's Sumeet Chugh's team identify associations between sudden cardiac arrest and multiple sclerosis, left ventricular hypertrophy, and obesity. Patients with MS have a five-fold higher incidence of sudden cardiac arrest, while those with LVH are at higher risk due to electrocardiography risk scores.
The study tested over half a million people, confirming two psychological theories of sex differences and autism. Autistic individuals showed a 'masculinized' shift on systemizing and autistic traits tests, with empathy scores lower than typical males.
Researchers at EPFL have successfully converted molecular nitrogen into ammonia using mild low-energy conditions. The development of a uranium-oxo bridge allows for easy cleavage of the bound dinitrogen complex to produce cyanamide, a widely used compound in agriculture and pharmaceuticals.
Researchers report that ant-plant interactions began in the Mesozoic era, with ants shifting from predation to herbivory. The study suggests that plant diversification was facilitated by ant interactions but not vice versa.
A large-scale study analyzing over 600,000 people found that females scored higher on average in empathy, while males scored higher on average in systemizing. The results supported both the empathizing-systemizing and extreme male brain theories of sex differences and autism.
A national study found that older adults with unmet transportation needs, depression, or recent moves are more likely to lose their usual source of care. The study suggests clinical and social factors play a crucial role in maintaining stable relationships with clinicians.
A new study by the University of Illinois and Massachusetts Institute of Technology refutes the idea that C4 crops like corn and sugarcane are limited in their ability to produce Rubisco, an enzyme essential for photosynthesis. The researchers found that these crops' chloroplasts have sufficient space to house more than enough Rubisco ...
A new study reveals how the poxvirus tricks cells into activating their own cell movement mechanism, allowing the virus to spread rapidly. The researchers found that a specific protein, vaccinia growth factor, plays a key role in this process, and that targeting this pathway could lead to new antiviral strategies.
A recent study from North Carolina State University found that students with strong family relationships are more likely to intervene when witnessing bullying. Good teacher relationships also play a crucial role in encouraging bystander intervention. In contrast, those who feel excluded or discriminated against by peers or teachers are...