Researchers found that bariatric surgery significantly decreased liver enzymes, Fatty Liver Index, and BARD score in patients with NAFLD. Gastric bypass was associated with the greatest reduction in liver damage.
A recent study in Genome Biology and Evolution explores the genetic underpinnings of spider sociality, revealing rapidly evolving genes involved in behavior, immunity, and brain-specific expression. The analysis found differences in metabolic processes between solitary and social spiders, hinting at distinct hunting and feeding behaviors.
Researchers used total-body PET imaging to track the distribution of 89Zr-labeled antibodies in preclinical trials, achieving excellent image quality up to 30 days after injection. The study demonstrates the potential of this technique for extended imaging windows and low-dose radioactivity.
Researchers found that AI systems can absorb moral responsibility in difficult conversations, allowing humans to trust them more than their human partners. The study explores how AI alters human interactions and suggests potential applications for improving communication with subtle guidance from AI.
Researchers found that allied male bottlenose dolphins synchronize their vocal behavior when cooperating together, promoting cooperative behavior and regulating stress. This behavior helps reduce tension between males in a context that requires them to work together successfully.
New research finds that SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists are similarly effective in reducing major cardiovascular events, such as heart attack and stroke. Hospitalization for heart failure is also reduced with SGLT2 inhibitors, especially in those with severe cardiovascular risk.
Biomedical engineer Jessica Kramer is researching how different compositions of mucus play a part in transferring coronaviruses from person to person. Her study may help identify those who are 'super-spreaders' and those more vulnerable to infection, leading to faster and more accurate data on virus spread.
The University of Montana has received a five-year, $10.75 million grant to establish the Center for Population Health Research (CPHR). CPHR will support epidemiological and mathematical modeling approaches to understand risk and resilience factors for children's health outcomes.
Researchers have created a device capable of converting low-level magnetic fields into usable electricity, with 400% higher power output than existing technology. This technology has significant implications for designing self-powered wireless sensor networks in smart buildings, potentially leading to substantial energy savings.
Research from UC Davis found that preschoolers' self-regulation skills are lower when they use screen media devices, which can impact academic success, social functioning, and mental health. The study recommends delaying screen introduction and limiting mobile device use to promote optimal development.
Spanish invaders depended on Mesoamerican copper smelting technology to produce bronze artillery pieces. Indigenous experts shared their knowledge with European colonizers, allowing them to smelt copper and create essential armaments.
Dr. Soon Moon Jeong's team creates a new light-emitting technology using in-plane electro-luminescent technology that inserts electrodes into a luminous layer, overcoming existing limitations. The device emits light more flexibly and stably than traditional devices, with applications in wearable devices and textiles.
A survey of resident physicians found that most felt uncomfortable managing obesity despite its increasing prevalence. The study highlights the need for improved education in obesity management to improve patient care.
Research suggests a hydraulic fracturing chemical can block the effects of testosterone and other male sex hormones. The study found that exposure to this chemical could lead to abnormal reproductive function, male infertility, and disrupted testicular and prostate development.
Researchers found that autophagy is dispensable for neuron survival but regulates axonal transport of molecules crucial for learning and memory. The study suggests that modulating autophagy activity may improve cognitive abilities by altering intracellular transportation systems.
Researchers have developed a biohybrid system that uses bacteria on nanowires to convert carbon dioxide and water into organic building blocks. The system has achieved a record efficiency of 3.6% in converting solar energy into carbon bonds, making it comparable to sugar cane's 4-5% efficiency.
The Russian Journal of Economics special issue highlights the country's agricultural growth and its impact on global markets. Despite achieving national food security, experts warn that neglecting nutrition in policies may expose Russia to public health risks like malnourishment and obesity.
Research by Chris Meyer at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute suggests that businesses with substantial human interaction or changing service offerings may not benefit from AI automation. In contrast, companies that limit customer choice and interaction are more likely to see success with AI technologies.
New study reveals ocean deoxygenation as a critical factor in coral reef degradation, highlighting the need for improved data collection and management practices. Researchers warn that reduced oxygen availability exacerbates the impact of climate change and pollution on reefs.
A recent study has found that men with erectile dysfunction are at a higher risk of death, even if their testosterone levels are normal. The research, which analyzed data from over 1,900 participants, suggests that sexual symptoms can be an early sign of increased cardiovascular risk and mortality.
The European Research Council has awarded €450 million in funding to 185 researchers, who will explore innovative ideas in various fields of research. The new projects aim to create 1,800 jobs and address pressing global challenges such as climate change and cancer research.
Researchers found that variations in subducting sediments can influence the magnitude and location of megathrust earthquakes. Sediment thinning caused by volcanic activity may play a key role in determining the size and distribution of these catastrophic events.
Researchers analyzed China's control measures during the first 50 days of the COVID-19 epidemic and found that they may have prevented over 700,000 infections outside of Wuhan. The study suggests that these measures successfully broke the chain of transmission by preventing contact between infectious and susceptible people.
A new UCL study found that heavy drinking over a lifetime significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and liver damage in older adults. Heavy drinking is also associated with a larger waist circumference and body mass index (BMI) in later life, even if it's stopped before age 50.
A new NYU Marron Institute report examines the fiscal issues and risks related to the NYC Teachers' Retirement System. The report highlights the importance of understanding the risks created by city pension funds and the need for policymakers to make informed decisions about those risks.
Research found that older people with proximal fractures face a higher risk of hospitalization for major medical conditions and dying prematurely. In contrast, distal fractures showed similar or lower risks. The study suggests that treating bone health is crucial to improve outcomes after a fracture.
A new study identified over 1,000 genetic variations in 450 genes linked to moderate to severe myopia. The research suggests that genetics can play a significant role in myopia, with specific genes involved in circadian rhythm and eye pigmentation.
Researchers used machine learning to analyze nationwide health checkup records and identified a reliable method for predicting diabetes patients. The model accurately predicted future incidence of diabetes with an overall accuracy of 94.9%.
Researchers discovered a biomarker for early detection of Alzheimer's disease in the form of high levels of RNA produced by the PHGDH gene. The study, published in Current Biology, suggests that overproduction of extracellular RNA by the PHGDH gene in elderly individuals may serve as an early warning sign of Alzheimer's disease.
A new study published in the Journal of the Endocrine Society found that people with very poor fitness at the beginning of a behavioral weight loss program lose less weight in the long term. Adults with poor or better fitness lost nearly twice as much weight over 18 months compared to those with very poor fitness.
Purdue University scientists are rapidly developing technologies to diagnose and treat COVID-19, including paper-based rapid-detection systems and environmental decontamination methods. Industry partners are being sought to license these innovations and bring them to market.
A study found that believers in conspiracies are more likely to engage in politics, but also resort to violent means when believing the government is controlled by secret societies. The researchers suggest this could lead to an acceptance of extreme options.
A study found housing insecurity is associated with a 3.2-fold higher odds of albuminuria, a sign of kidney disease, but not rapid kidney function decline. Housing insecurity was linked to delayed healthcare visits and compromised health in urban-dwelling adults.
A new system of cameras and vision software is being developed to monitor commercial broilers' activity levels, providing a common assessment tool for farmers, retailers, and consumers seeking to support better animal welfare.
Researchers analyzed medical data from 61 adults who visited an emergency department with scooter-related injuries. The study highlights the growing concern of motorized scooter injuries, particularly among young adults and pedestrians.
Severe flooding in the Midwest delayed crop growth by around two weeks and reduced maximum seasonal photosynthesis by 15 percent. This led to a 100 million metric ton reduction in net carbon uptake from June to July 2019.
Researchers discovered that activating the androgen receptor decreases tumor growth in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. The study used enobosarm, an androgen receptor-stimulating drug, which stopped tumor growth in all models tested.
Researchers suggest a more detailed approach to assessing forest health, focusing on protected areas with finer scale data. This method can help identify non-intact forests and track changes in forest cover over time.
A recent study by Ohio State University researchers found that a large number of mobile phone apps contain 'backdoor secrets', allowing hackers to access private data or block content. The team evaluated 150,000 apps and discovered that 12,706 contained hidden behaviors, posing a significant risk to users.
Phony Russian Twitter accounts contributed to the politicization of vaccine discussions among Americans, leading to increased polarization. Researchers found that pro-Trump personas expressed anti-vaccine sentiments, while anti-Trump personas supported vaccines.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab are developing fiber optic sensors to monitor offshore wind operations and underground natural gas storage. These sensors aim to detect issues such as gearbox failure and marine mammal activity, improving the reliability and safety of these systems.
Researchers developed CALM model to simulate pedestrian movement and predict disease spread on airplanes. The model produces results almost 60 times faster than SPED, enabling real-time decisions in emergency situations.
A collaborative study built predictive models to forecast six life outcomes based on 15-year social science data. The findings suggest that even the most accurate models were not reliable, casting doubt on the assumption of predictable life trajectories.
A new study found that mobile health devices and photoplethysmography technology can reduce stroke risk, rehospitalisation rates, and mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation. The integrated care approach showed significant benefits in managing AF-related adverse events.
A clinical trial found that smokers who received nicotine-containing e-cigarettes had a significantly higher quit rate compared to those who received only counseling. Participants using e-cigarettes reduced their daily cigarette consumption by 13 cigarettes per day, with overall quit rates of 21.9% at 12 weeks.
A new report by global experts predicts that over 11 million children will die from cancer worldwide between 2020 and 2050 if no additional investment is made. However, the authors argue that sustainable care for children with cancer is affordable and achievable in all countries.
Researchers analyzed Martian meteorites to reconstruct Mars' chaotic history and find that the planet likely received water from at least two distinct sources. The findings suggest Mars never had an ocean of magma completely encompassing the planet, contradicting previous theories.
Patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent supervised exercise training showed significantly improved heart function and increased cardiovascular fitness compared to those on a low-energy diet. A low-energy diet, however, led to favourable effects on the structure of the heart and reversal of diabetes in 83% of participants.
In a broad patient population, TAVR showed non-inferiority to open-heart surgery at one year. However, TAVR patients had higher rates of vascular complications and aortic regurgitation.
Researchers found a strong association between extreme temperatures and increased cardiovascular deaths in Kuwait. The study suggests that populations in hotter regions may be more vulnerable to heat-related cardiovascular deaths due to the effects of rising temperatures on the body.
Researchers from Argonne National Laboratory and CERN studied the neutron-shell structure of a nucleus with fewer protons than lead and more neutrons than 126, revealing new insights into heavy element formation. This study informs models of stellar events and the early universe.
A new study found that Rivaroxaban significantly reduces the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after lower limb orthopedic surgery by 75%, compared to heparin, without increasing the risk of bleeding. This breakthrough has significant implications for patients undergoing non-major orthopedic surgeries.
Researchers confirm Lorentz Invariance holds true at record-breaking high-energy gamma rays, extending the range where relativity's constant speed of light is valid. The High Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory detected gamma rays from distant galactic sources, providing powerful proof of Einstein's theory.
Patients with atrial fibrillation who took oral anticoagulants alone after TAVR had a lower rate of bleeding complications without an increased risk of clotting-related complications. Oral anticoagulants alone were significantly less likely to suffer bleeding complications than those who took antiplatelet medication in addition.
A recent study by Washington State University researchers found that more than 50% of college students reported experiencing coughing fits, anxiety, and/or paranoia while using cannabis. The study also identified the most distressing adverse reactions, which included panic attacks, fainting, and vomiting.
A new study found that artificial intelligence (AI) can accurately identify patients at risk of osteoporosis and fractures by analyzing electronic radiology reports, outperforming traditional manual methods. The AI tool, XRAIT, detected a significant number of major fractures, improving patient outcomes and reducing the burden of illness.
A new study found vericiguat significantly lowers cardiovascular death and hospitalization rates in patients with worsening heart failure. With a median follow-up period of 10.8 months, the drug showed a 10% lower rate of primary endpoint events compared to placebo.
A new five-decade study found that progress toward gender equality has slowed down since the 1990s, with women making gains in education and employment but stagnant progress in pay and occupations. Despite early momentum in the 1970s and 1980s, movement towards gender equity stalled beginning in the 1990s.
A phase three clinical trial found alirocumab to substantially reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels in adult patients with HoFH, with an average relative reduction of 35.6%. The drug also reduced other harmful lipids typically elevated in people with FH.
Scientists have developed a tiny device to study the avian magnetic orientation mechanism, challenging the prevailing photochemical theory. The experiment found that birds with portable devices attached were not disoriented when exposed to local oscillating magnetic fields, suggesting alternative components of the magnetoreception system.