A new study by Cornell University's College of Veterinary Medicine has found that women veterinarians earn an average of $100,000 less than their male counterparts annually. The disparity affects recent graduates and the top half of earners, with partnerships proving more beneficial for women's income earning potential.
A team of researchers from UNIST developed a new learning method for PCM-based memristor neural networks, improving their learning ability by about 3% in handwriting classification tasks. The approach leverages the 'resistance drift' property of phase-change memory to update synapses and associate patterns with data.
Researchers found that SARS-CoV-2 diverts building blocks from glucose production and hyperactivates the 1-carbon pathway to supply carbon groups for viral RNA. Drugs inhibiting folate metabolism, such as methotrexate, show promise in reducing viral replication.
A recent study published in Nature Communications found that global warming poses significant threats to the habitats of approximately 11,500 freshwater fish species worldwide. Limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius can reduce the number of species at risk from over half to just 4%.
A new study published in Language and Literacy explores the value of bilingual children's books in French immersion classrooms. Bilingual books are seen as an effective tool for second language learning, with students noting benefits such as learning French vocabulary and developing English knowledge. The study suggests that incorporat...
The study analyzed 39 variants of lunar human landers, considering key architectural decisions such as number of stages and propellant type. The analysis showed that expendable systems with 2-stage architecture are advantageous, but reusable vehicles with 1-stage or 3-stage systems offer comparable advantages.
A meta-analysis of over 53,000 patients found no evidence that beta blockers increase the risk of depression or most other psychiatric symptoms. However, sleep disturbance was linked to treatment with beta blockers.
Researchers found significantly higher Asian tiger mosquito populations and habitat availability in a low-income neighborhood with high levels of environmental blight. The study highlights the need for blight reduction efforts to mitigate public health risks from mosquito-borne diseases in vulnerable communities.
A student from UNIST proposed a ship-arrival time prediction model based on Artificial Intelligence and won the grand prize. The model aims to improve the efficiency of shipping and port logistics by accurately predicting vessel arrival times.
Researchers from Osaka University have developed a sustainable method for synthesizing vicinal diamines, crucial in medications for influenza and colorectal cancer. The process uses molecular iodine as a catalyst, reducing the need for rare and toxic metals.
Scientists have identified a statistical relationship between city growth and paved surfaces' impact on water cycles and climates. They also demonstrated a method to heal dendrites in solid-state batteries, and created high-performance thermoplastic composites using additive manufacturing and conventional compression molding.
Researchers from Louisiana State University have developed a smart quantum technology to correct distorted spatial modes of light at the single-photon level using artificial neural networks. This technique boosts channel capacity in optical communication protocols, enabling secure communication and enhancing sensing capabilities.
A patented technology combines two subsystems of an AC-DC converter into one, creating a more compact battery charger while maintaining full functionality. This innovation supports the goal of developing sustainable and economically sound electrified transportation.
A recent study published in Food and Energy Security reveals that households in Zimbabwe blighted by the fall armyworm pest are more likely to experience hunger. The research found that severe infestation can reduce household income by 44% and increase the likelihood of food shortage.
A newly-discovered non-coding RNA molecule regulates protein translation in trypanosoma parasites, a key finding with potential applications in treating and preventing diseases such as sleeping sickness. The discovery sheds light on the previously unknown function of rRNA introns and may lead to the development of novel medications.
Researchers used NASA satellite images to map changes in northwestern Belize's landscape over four decades, finding significant losses of forest and wetlands. Conservation efforts in protected areas helped maintain forests, which house native flora and fauna and Maya structures.
Researchers have found that climate change is the primary driver of changes in global river flow, leading to increased risk of flooding and water scarcity. The study used measurements from over 7,250 locations globally to examine the impact of manmade climate change on river flows between 1971 and 2010.
Researchers at University of Chicago and Stanford University propose mechanism for formation and retention of water-dominated atmospheres on hot, rocky exoplanets. The model suggests these planets could have a water-rich atmosphere for long stretches, with some potentially keeping it for billions of years.
The COVID-19 pandemic has created a vast amount of plastic waste, including face-masks and gloves, that are now part of the archaeological record. Archaeologists argue that studying this material culture can inform policy decisions to tackle environmental pollution.
UNIST professors Yoon-Kyoung Cho and Young Rok Choi have been elected as members of the National Academy of Engineering of Korea, recognizing their distinguished achievements in biomedical engineering and technology management. The election is among the highest professional distinctions accorded to an engineer.
In Catalonia, a new law includes protection for supporters of victims of violence against women. The law aims to prevent second-order sexual harassment, which involves physical or psychological violence against those who support victims. Victims can now receive accompaniment, psychological assistance, and other resources.
UofL and Medtronic will develop a closed-loop system to monitor and adjust stimulator settings for multiple functions, including locomotion and bladder control. The project aims to improve the lives of people with spinal cord injury by reducing manual interaction and increasing positive outcomes.
Despite minimal improvement, racial disparities persist in rural areas for diabetes and high blood pressure-related mortality. However, modest gains were observed for heart disease and stroke mortality in both rural and urban areas.
A study of 28 countries found men aged 50 and over had a 60% greater risk of death than women due to higher rates of smoking and heart disease. The gap varied across countries, highlighting the influence of social and cultural factors on health.
Researchers analyzed Tennessee birth records from 2015 to 2020, finding a significant association between COVID-19 statewide stay-at-home orders and increased preterm birth rates. The study suggests that the economic disruption caused by the pandemic may have contributed to the rise in preterm births.
MIT engineers develop wicking fabrics from polyethylene, a material previously dismissed for textile use due to its water-trapping properties. The new fabrics show improved moisture-wicking ability compared to cotton, nylon, and polyester.
Sensory neurons in fingers can detect touch on a single fingerprint ridge scale. This sensitivity explains the human hand's refined sense of touch.
New research highlights the need to protect and strengthen care for small and sick newborns during the pandemic. The study found that implementing Kangaroo Mother Care could save over 125,000 newborn lives, with a 65-fold increase in risk of death if not done.
Researchers found that cytokines CCL2 and CCL3 drive lung damage by attracting immune cells, while survivors had higher levels of antiviral T cells, suggesting these cells help control the virus. Targeting these cytokines with inhibitors may prevent lung tissue damage.
Researchers at UIC have found that HPSE drives antiviral immunity, proliferative signals and cell death, with potential applications in treating dysregulation of the protein in various diseases. This discovery has broad implications for diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis and autoimmune disorders.
A recent study found a significant increase in high-powered magnet-related injuries in children after the ban was lifted, with cases increasing by 355% and hospitalizations rising by 39%. The study calls for stricter regulations on these products to protect children and emphasizes the importance of keeping them out of reach of young ones
Researchers at Duke-NUS Medical School and A*STAR discovered that inhibiting the Wnt signalling pathway with ETC-159 can reverse PARP inhibitor resistance in several cancer cell lines. This breakthrough could lead to novel anti-cancer treatments for cancers with overactive Wnt signalling, such as colorectal cancer.
The global ocean is expected to become a source of ozone-depleting CFC-11, reversing its longtime role as a sink. By 2075, the oceans will emit more CFC-11 than they absorb, with detectable amounts by 2130, and climate change accelerating this shift.
A team of researchers from the University of Warwick has discovered that even short chains of poly(vinyl alcohol) bind to ice and inhibit recrystallization. This finding sheds new light on the fundamental principles of ice recrystallization, enabling the design of more effective cryoprotectants.
A team of bioinformaticians at Saarland University have identified microRNAs as potential biomarkers for Parkinson's disease using artificial intelligence methods. They found that the level of these non-coding RNAs in blood samples can track the course of the disease, particularly in the third decade of life and from around age 70.
A new study reveals how proteins alter X chromosome architecture, contributing to its inactivation and potentially leading to cures for genetic disorders. The findings suggest that the shape and structure of the X chromosome play a vital role in gene silencing.
Researchers studied COVID-19 patients in France, finding associations between brain MRI images, electroencephalography (EEG) recordings, and clinical symptoms. The study also discovered correlations between EEG findings and specific brain regions affected by the virus.
A study by Jamie J. Fader found that young men of color in Philadelphia's Frankford neighborhood avoid public spaces out of concern for unpredictable interactions with law enforcement. This avoidance results in limited social engagement, community disengagement, and reduced opportunities for education and employment.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that individual psychological variables, such as germ aversion and attachment security, are better predictors of fear and perceived health during lockdowns than environmental factors. The researchers investigated 533 participants across Europe and found that younger age, physical activity, and higher...
Researchers at the University of Toronto have made a groundbreaking discovery in the field of reaction dynamics, shedding light on the behavior of molecules during collisions. The 'knock-on chemistry' phenomenon reveals that reaction products emerge in a straight line, moving in the same direction as the incoming reagent atom.
A new European Women in Sport (E-WinS) project seeks to address issues specific to women in sport, such as the impact of menstruation and hormone-based contraception on performance. UK football clubs are invited to participate in an online survey and focus groups to share best practices.
Researchers developed a cost-effective method to monitor soil moisture using a standard digital camera and machine learning technology. The system accurately determines soil moisture levels under various conditions, enabling precise irrigation and supporting sustainable agriculture.
A new study will investigate a new way of reducing dental anxiety in children using Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). The study aims to improve oral health and save NHS costs by providing specially developed CBT resources for children, parents, and dental professionals.
Researchers have identified a new category of compounds called pyrazinacenes that can be reversibly oxidized and reduced. These compounds consist of connected rings of carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen atoms and have the potential to support photoredox-based reactions in chemical synthesis.
A study found that headteachers prioritize SAT scores over children's self-esteem and confidence, leading to divisions among students. The research suggests that these practices contribute to a 'culture of division' in primary schools.
Scientists at KAUST have successfully synthesized copper nanoclusters with a cuboid shape, exhibiting promising properties for photoluminescence and catalysis. The unique structure is driven by intercluster noncovalent bonding interactions, including hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces.
A study by NTU and WeBank found that mobile banking security, service quality, and system quality are the top factors influencing customer loyalty. The results showed that a multi-level approach is needed to build customer trust, including providing multiple security features and user-friendly interface design.
A recent study analyzed over 17,000 public comments on orca conservation in Washington state, revealing the most common emotional sentiments were trust, anticipation, and fear. The findings provide valuable insights for conservation managers to understand why people support or reject management actions.
Researchers found Gazelle Malaria test to be highly sensitive and specific, missing only 4 cases of P. vivax infection per 100 people compared to RDTs which missed 16 cases. The test's portability, battery operation, and cold chain-free design make it a promising alternative for field conditions.
Researchers at the University of Queensland have discovered that an anti-inflammatory drug called anakinra can reduce the awful nerve symptoms associated with vincristine chemotherapy. The study found that anakinra substantially reduced neuropathic pain without reducing the effectiveness of the treatment.
Researchers investigate potential treatments for improving cognition in infants, including engineered gut microbes to counter antibiotic-exposure effects. A choline supplement is also being studied as a treatment for prenatal alcohol exposure-related cognitive impairments.
Scientists from Tokyo Metropolitan University have developed a scalable method to create ordered porous metallic oxide thin films using a range of transition metals. The process enables the production of highly ordered nanohole arrays ideal for various industrial applications.
A study by the European Society of Cardiology found that vital exhaustion is associated with a higher risk of myocardial infarction in men. Symptoms of vital exhaustion include excessive fatigue, demoralization, and increased irritability, particularly in individuals experiencing prolonged exposure to psychological stressors.
Researchers discover that serotonin release from mast cells contributes to airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma, revealing a new mechanism for this common respiratory disease. The study uses a mouse model of asthma to demonstrate how mast cells react to methacholine, leading to increased airway constriction.
George Mason University professors support a partnership between U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the university to gather incident rate data using isolation architecture. The goal is to derive technical efficiency and cost effectiveness of this approach for Federal Civilian Executive Branch.
Researchers at Flinders University have developed a new sustainable insulation material using waste cooking oil, sulfur, and wool offcuts, offering promising energy savings for property owners and tenants. The composite boasts low flammability and biodegradable properties, aligning with the UN's Sustainable Development Goals.
Researchers developed a new type of LED that utilizes spintronics to produce circularly polarized light emission. The technology uses chiral molecules to self-assemble into standing arrays, which actively spin-polarize injected electrons and emit circularly polarized light.
Research at the University of Strathclyde found that people with high emotional intelligence are more likely to identify fake news correctly. Participants who scored highly in emotional intelligence tests made fewer errors and were more discerning in their assessment of veracity.
A global multicenter study has uncovered a correlation between the severity of COVID-19 in the lungs and brain using CT/MRI scans. Researchers found that patients with more severe respiratory disease are more likely to experience neurological symptoms, such as stroke and brain bleeds.
A large multidisciplinary study led by King's College London found that MRI scanning can show malformations in great detail, including their effect on surrounding structures. The procedure is safe for pregnant women and their babies, making it a valuable tool for clinicians and parents.