A study of NASA, ESA, and Russian space agency data found that extended spaceflight leads to changes in the brain's perivascular spaces. The research, led by Medical University of South Carolina scientists, used MRI scans to evaluate brain changes before and after six months on the International Space Station.
A 80-mile wide comet, one of the oldest objects in the solar system, is heading towards Earth at 22,000 miles per hour. The comet's massive nucleus, 50 times larger than most known comets, will pass within 1 billion miles of the sun in 2031.
Researchers at Penn State and UC San Diego found a new method to tune the magnetic properties of manganese bismuth telluride, enabling efficient control of lossless electrical currents. The discovery uses phonons to modify the magnetic bonding between layers, potentially leading to ultra-fast devices with reduced energy waste.
Researchers at Pohang University of Science & Technology have discovered a way to enhance the surface adhesion of mussel adhesive proteins (MAPs) by converting oxidized Dopa into a stronger form called △Dopa. This breakthrough enables MAPs to maintain strong underwater adhesion, paving the way for potential biomedical applications.
Research shows austerity measures reversed gains made in reducing waiting time inequality for socioeconomically deprived patients in Scotland. Waiting times increased across all patients after the introduction of austerity measures in 2010.
SourceSAGE·JournalJournal of the Royal Society of Medicine·TypeContent analysis·DateApr 12, 2022
Researchers have identified a biomarker that indicates high risk of impending stroke post-subarachnoid hemorrhage, enabling early treatment initiation in comatose patients. Electrodiagnostic monitoring detects 'spreading depolarizations' caused by toxic by-products of blood breakdown, allowing clinicians to intervene before it's too late.
Adolescent drug overdose deaths nearly doubled in 2020 and rose another 20% in early 2021 compared to the 10 years prior, despite stable drug use rates. The increase is largely attributed to illicit fentanyls found in counterfeit pills, which can be deadly if ingested.
Researchers developed an organic anti-ambipolar transistor capable of performing five different types of two-input logic gates at room temperature. This breakthrough could lead to the creation of high-performance mobile devices and electrically reconfigurable logic circuits.
A recent study of 280 mother-infant pairs found that prenatal exposure to social disadvantage and psychosocial stress was associated with reduced infant brain volumes at birth. The researchers used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure the brain volumes of the infants at birth.
A team of researchers from Kobe and Kyoto universities proposes an ethical framework for conducting research on conscious brain organoids. The framework assumes that brain organoids already possess consciousness and recommends guidelines similar to those for animal experiments. Key considerations include minimizing the number of organo...
A project aims to develop software toolkits to assess neural network robustness and potential security vulnerabilities. The goal is to create a framework for building secure AI systems, emphasizing human expertise in data collection and testing.
Researchers at the University of Sheffield have identified a unique bacterial phosphatase, PafA, that can efficiently release phosphate from its organic forms. This discovery has potential to help reduce the consumption of phosphate chemical fertilisers and promote sustainable agriculture.
A Rutgers study found that climate change will alter predator-prey interactions, preventing species from adapting to changing conditions. This will lead to a decline in commercially important fisheries and a shift in the abundance of species in their new geographic ranges.
A new carbon dots-based organic blend, m-CDs@CA, was developed to exhibit superior long persistent luminescence (LPL) features. The afterglow is observed for over one hour via irradiation by a hand-hold UV lamp, making it suitable for applications under ambient conditions and in aqueous medium.
Independent sector providers are the least likely to be compliant with national guidelines and standards for online STI test services in the UK. The study found that many providers failed to provide adequate health promotion information, triage, or advice on accessing preventive treatment after exposure to HIV.
Researchers investigate plant-based meat substitutes to identify sensory weak points, finding muscle proteins emulsify fats and oils differently than plant proteins do. The study reveals fundamental differences in molecular structure and mouthfeel between meat and vegan sausages.
Researchers found that Massachusetts' state mandate driving staff acceptance and creating an atypical flexibility to seek innovative solutions. The program showed that medication diversion was uncommon, and protocols helped ensure correct use of the medication by detainees.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology discovered a Zika virus mutation that boosts its ability to replicate and infect humans. This mutation allows the virus to evade protective immunity from previous dengue exposure, increasing its transmission potential.
A study from the University of Georgia suggests that middle-aged men are commonly perceived as manipulative, aggressive and entitled targets of insults. The research also found that most people believe these individuals are aware of their behavior's impact but don't care enough to change.
Researchers developed a bioinformatics platform called REFLECT to predict optimal combination therapies based on co-occurring tumor alterations. The tool selected combinations that resulted in improved patient outcomes across pre-clinical and clinical studies, leading to increased durable responses.
Researchers at Hebrew University have discovered a new magnetic phenomenon called edge magnetism, where materials only retain magnetism on their edge. This discovery could revolutionize the production of spintronics devices, enabling the creation of ultra-thin wire magnets with curved shapes.
Researchers at Rutgers University propose a new approach to COVID-19 vaccine testing by combining conventional and challenge trials. This parallel approach, called Combining Conventional and Challenge trials (CCC), aims to facilitate faster and more accurate vaccine assessment and more effective pandemic response.
A recent study by the University of Rochester found that mobility patterns can be predicted with surprising accuracy based on data collected from acquaintances, even if individual users turn off their own location tracking. The researchers discovered that up to 95% of an individual's movement pattern can be inferred from people they ar...
A new study has developed a tool to evaluate and change names that may be rooted in white supremacy. Researchers analyzed over 2,000 place names in 16 US national parks, finding patterns of settler colonial mythologies including racism and genocide.
Researchers at Purdue University discovered that some lung cancer patients become resistant to common therapeutics due to epigenetic regulation of the KMT5C gene. This understanding lays the groundwork for future therapeutics and provides insight into the biology and progression of cancers.
A new mathematical model predicts a significant shift in US public opinion on moral issues, with abortion rights expected to dominate. Within 15 years, a majority of Americans will support equal parental leave.
A review of clinical evidence suggests osteopathy may be effective in managing musculoskeletal disorders, particularly chronic non-specific low back pain and physical function. However, the evidence for its use in children, migraine, or irritable bowel syndrome is limited or inconclusive.
A new study by researchers at the University of Birmingham has identified two distinct brain structure patterns associated with poor outcomes in patients with recent onset psychosis and depression. The study used MRI scans to analyze grey matter volume and found that lower volumes were linked to poorer outcomes, while higher volumes we...
New research found that 62% of tinted sunscreens have only one shade option, with tone compatibility being the most important criterion. The study suggests that the beauty industry and dermatologic field need to improve diversity and offer more options for tinted sunscreen formulations tailored to people with skin of color.
Scientists have discovered a yeast self-destruct pathway, adding to evidence that unicellular organisms have programmed cell-death mechanisms. This finding could lead to new antifungal drugs targeting such mechanisms.
Researchers found a strong association between chronic rhinosinusitis and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, with CRS diagnoses preceding bronchiectasis by an average of six years. Early treatment of sinus disease may offer therapeutic strategies for preventing bronchiectasis.
A new study uses a machine-learning approach to assess risk factors across biological, psychological, and social domains to predict the development of conduct disorder in children. The model correctly predicted CD two years later with over 90% accuracy.
SourceElsevier·JournalBiological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging·TypeExperimental study·DateApr 12, 2022
The estimated diameter of the comet is approximately 80 miles across, making it larger than the state of Rhode Island. The comet's mass is estimated to be a staggering 500 trillion tons.
A new study has found a clear link between silica exposure and severe black lung disease in contemporary coal miners. The researchers attributed the resurgence of progressive massive fibrosis to changes in mining technology, such as mechanized coal extraction devices introduced in the 1950s.
A Washington State University study suggests that a cash transfer proposal would increase poverty among single-mother families and triple the number of children living in deep poverty. The Family Security Act aims to cut child poverty by providing monthly payments, but its effects on single mothers' labor supply and income are uncertain.
A research team at HKUST has developed a long-term in vivo imaging technique to study spinal cord injury, allowing for repeated and stable imaging without triggering inflammation. The breakthrough enables researchers to track microglia and understand their interaction with degenerating and regenerating axons.
A recent study found that COVID-19 spreads extensively in households, with approximately 50% of household members infected from the first-infected individual. Children were less likely to spread the virus but equally likely to become infected as adults, highlighting their potential role in transmission.
A new study at the University of Bath found that a key ingredient is missing from all sunscreens, leaving skin vulnerable to damage. The researchers identified iron-trapping extracts that can improve protection against UV rays and oxidative stress, reducing the risk of aging and cancer.
Meningitis vaccines may offer significant protection against gonorrhoea, reducing cases of the infection considerably. Studies suggest a two-dose course of 4CMenB provides 40% protection against gonorrhoea in young adults and adolescents.
A new study by Ben-Gurion University researchers suggests that maladaptive daydreaming (MD) is a distinct mental disorder that can co-occur with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The study found that MD was associated with higher rates of depression, loneliness, and lowered self-esteem in individuals with ADHD.
A University of Delaware study reveals a lack of marshaling ports is hindering the US offshore wind industry's growth, threatening to meet renewable energy targets. The study finds that existing and planned ports will be insufficient by 2023 to meet state and federal commitments, with a significant shortfall expected through 2050.
Research in mice suggests that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can cause further damage to the brain after a stroke by trapping other cells and reducing blood flow. Blocking NETs with a compound called nNIF may protect the brain from this harm, leading to better outcomes for patients.
A new study from George Mason University researchers highlights the use of artificial intelligence and seasonality to screen patients and identify the probability of COVID-19. The algorithm takes into account symptom clusters and age/gender differences, suggesting that fever is a stronger predictor of COVID outside of flu season.
A new study suggests charities use the word 'spend' instead of 'give' to donors to increase donations, as it implies a sense of control over financial gifts. Researchers found people are more willing to donate their time rather than money due to feelings of personal control.
Researchers from Japan and Australia developed a clay film that preserves the quality of fruits like apples by reducing oxygen supply and ethylene diffusion. The film maintained a low respiration rate without depriving the fruit of oxygen, preventing decay.
Researchers identified a signature of nonresponse to CAR T therapy in leukemia cells, characterized by DNA methylation and stem cell-like phenotypes. Decreased expression of genes involved in antigen presentation also hindered the immune response.
The study found that richer nations increase species extinction risk in poorer ones due to global consumption patterns. The impact of a single coffee purchase can contribute to biodiversity loss in distant countries.
Researchers at UToledo validated geoelectrical methods for detecting anomalies related to disturbed ground and human decay. Ground-penetrating radar showed stronger signals for mass graves than individual ones.
Researchers developed EMOPRINT, a five-week behavioral intervention improving facial affect recognition skills in individuals with MS. The study showed significant improvement in facial affect recognition in the MS group compared to placebo controls.
Researchers have discovered that vesicles from human heart cells can repair damaged tissue and prevent lethal heart rhythm disorders. The treatment, using cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) and their secreted exosomes, showed improved heart rhythms and reduced scarring in animal models.
A recent study found that the Omicron variant is associated with a significant increase in breakthrough infections among cancer patients, especially those undergoing treatment. Protective measures and vaccine adaptations are crucial to mitigate this risk.
Vertical farming enables crops to be grown in vertically stacked layers, conserving land and allowing for multiple harvests per year. This method can significantly reduce water requirements and chemical crop protection, while increasing yields through optimal growth conditions and technologies.
A team of researchers from UCI used climate models and satellite data to quantify the impact of deforestation on regional climate. They found that avoiding deforestation yields carbon benefits in nearby regions due to climate feedbacks, with potential knock-on effects for policy decisions.
A new study found that an increased aortic diameter is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events like heart attacks and strokes in both women and men. The study suggests that imaging-based assessment of thoracic aorta size could be considered a risk marker for future cardiovascular disease.
Researchers found daily e-cigarette use altered inflammatory markers in the brain, colon, and heart, while lungs showed gene expression changes; flavors influenced organ responses to infections like COVID-19.
Children of Latino ethnicity with acute lymphoblastic leukemia are more likely to experience relapse compared to non-Hispanic white children, even without minimal residual disease. Detection of MRD status may not be as strong a prognostic factor in predicting the risk of relapse in these patients.
The ATS 2022 International Conference features extensive programming on the latest advances in pulmonary, critical care, and sleep medicine. The conference will also provide access to on-demand recordings of sessions.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania found a correlation between household income, building age, and proximity to former lead smelters with elevated blood-lead levels in children. The study highlights environmental justice issues that disproportionately affect low-income and minority populations in Philadelphia.
A new peptide-based vaccine, CoVac-1, has been shown to induce a T cell-dependent response in 93% of patients with B-cell deficiencies, including those with leukemia and lymphoma. The vaccine's T cell immunity exceeds that of individuals without immune deficiency or those who have received standard COVID-19 vaccines.
A national survey found that 47% of parents experienced negative birth experiences, with uncertainties about restrictions causing increased anxiety. Good communication from healthcare providers was key to a positive experience, with families reporting reduced levels of anxiety and stress when provided with support.