A study reveals the mechanism behind a selective switch from ethylene to acetate production in high-rate CO2/CO electrolysis. Researchers found that *CO coverage and local pH induced this switch, with acetate formation favored at high *CO coverage and high local pH.
A new theory proposes that rocky planets form in a narrow band of the protoplanetary disk, where silicate vapors condense to form solid pebbles. This process creates a ring of material that constitutes the building blocks for planet formation, resulting in uniform systems of rocky super-Earths.
A team of researchers used imaging technology to study synapse dynamics in the brains of live mice, revealing that some new synapses formed during fear conditioning are eliminated over time. This finding supports the 'unlearning' hypothesis and could help scientists better understand brain activity in patients with PTSD.
A new study reveals how new cells join a tissue by reading mechanical information from neighboring tissue. They use cellular fingers called filopodia to touch neighboring cells, opening up the cell layer. This process must happen with accurate precision for proper development and tissue formation.
Researchers from Tokyo Medical and Dental University found that PQBP5/NOL10 is a core structural element of the nucleolus, forming a meshwork that supports other nucleolar substructures. It remains in the nucleolus under osmotic stress conditions and anchors reassembly of the nucleolar structure.
A new system upconverts blue LED light into high-energy Ultraviolet B (UVB) light without toxic materials. The development opens the door for more sustainable and eco-friendly uses of UVB in various applications such as disinfection, photochemical reactions, and wastewater treatment.
A new study reveals that falls are nearly 50% among older Americans with dementia, emphasizing the importance of addressing environmental and health-related risk factors. Key findings highlight the need for tailored screening and prevention interventions specifically designed for this high-risk population.
Researchers discovered a cross-species signaling pathway between ticks and mammals that triggers an immune response before bacteria can infect. This pathway integrates immunity with development, providing early warning for tick-borne diseases.
Researchers at the University of Basel found that placebos can significantly reduce feelings of guilt in healthy subjects. Participants who received open-label placebos showed a significant decrease in guilt, even when they knew they were receiving a placebo.
A new Harvard study finds that ExxonMobil scientists made accurate and skillful global warming predictions between 1977 and 2003, contradicting the company's public claims. The study analyzes never-before-reported data from the company's documents and finds that 63-83% of projections were consistent with subsequent observations.
Researchers found that individuals who were resistant to anaesthesia had fundamental differences in the fronto-parietal regions of the brain, which could be predicted prior to sedation. These brain differences may require higher doses of propofol for individuals to become nonresponsive.
Scientists have mapped out over 300 protein kinases and their targets, which could yield new leads for cancer drugs. The comprehensive atlas helps researchers identify signaling pathways that differ between normal and cancerous cells, or between treated and untreated cancer cells.
A study published in Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy found that an individual's prior adherence behavior is a key predictor of future adherence. The research suggests interventions can move patients to adherence at any time, leading to better adherence in the future.
A Florida Atlantic University study found that urban noise exposure during development affects the color of songbirds' beaks, which influence social interactions and mate choice. Males developed less bright beak coloration, while females developed brighter orange coloration than untreated birds.
Researchers have observed steric effects, the interactions of molecules depending on their spatial orientation, in a chemical reaction involving non-polar molecules for the first time. This breakthrough opens the door to an entirely new way to control chemical reactions.
Researchers identify the (100) facet as prone to degradation, while the (111) facet is more stable and resistant to moisture and heat. By using facet engineering, they develop strategies to grow the stable (111) facet, leading to exceptionally stable perovskite films.
Research warns that ice roads will become unsustainable as the climate warms, threatening remote communities and industry. The thickness of ice needed to support transport trucks varies by region, with some areas experiencing a 90% decline in safe days of ice.
A new study found that limited information is available on the size of the gambling market, participation, harms, and prevention in Sub-Saharan Africa. The researchers argue that regulation is outdated and ill-equipped for a digital age, with many territories lacking explicit regulation for online gambling.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed a novel design for powerful microbatteries that can power tiny devices with high voltage and energy density. The batteries, which are hermetically sealed and compact, use innovative packaging technology and dense electrodes to achieve unprecedented performance.
A new study suggests that young Americans' concern about the future and difficulties in achieving their goals of having children are delaying parenthood. Despite consistent childbearing goals since the 1960s, unintended births have declined, but people are not having as many children as they say they want, especially at earlier ages.
A new study analyzed state nutrient reduction strategies and found that initial energy and inclusive planning processes were key to success. Emphasizing local water body impacts was more motivating than distant goals, and addressing scale challenges is crucial for significant results.
A new review by CABI-led experts highlights the organization's decade-long battle against emerging fungal diseases caused by climate change. CABI has developed a powerful toolset of techniques, including DNA sequencing and MALDI-TOF analysis, to identify disease-causing microorganisms.
Researchers found that socially isolated older adults are at higher risk of developing dementia, with technology use shown to lower this risk. The studies suggest that relatively simple efforts to increase social support, such as texting and email use, may reduce the risk of dementia in older adults.
A multidisciplinary team reviews genomic test results and recommends treatment options for patients with gastrointestinal cancer, identifying clinical trials suitable for most patients. The program has been successful in providing expert treatment guidance for over 500 patients and can be a model for other cancer centers.
Engineers at Diraq and UNSW Sydney discovered a new way to precisely control single electrons in quantum dots using electric fields, which is less bulky and requires fewer parts. This breakthrough technique can help achieve the goal of fabricating billions of qubits on a single chip for commercial production.
A fossilized flower, dated to 40 million years ago, was found encased in amber. The rare flower is believed to be from an ancient evergreen plant related to the Asian species Symplocos.
Researchers at Mass General Hospital identified a gene target, TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), that enhances the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy. Silencing TBK1 sensitizes tumor cells to immune attack, overcoming resistance to treatment.
A study in Patagonia has uncovered fossils of theropod dinosaurs, including megaraptors with large sickle-like claws, and bird species from two distinct groups. These finds shed light on the diversity of ancient life in Patagonia before the mass extinction event.
Researchers have documented cases of Japanese macaques hunting and eating fish in the Kamikochi region of Japan, suggesting an evolutionary adaptation to harsh winter conditions. The behavior appears to be an extension of existing feeding habits on vegetation and aquatic plants, with potential implications for future generations.
Research from the University of Notre Dame finds that boards of directors generally get it right in rewarding and sanctioning CEOs based on their performance. The study also reveals that higher-performing CEOs earn more, are dismissed less, and receive more CEO media awards.
The IU Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center has created an endowed chair in cancer informatics with a $3 million gift from the Walther and Regenstrief foundations. This initiative aims to analyze large amounts of data to identify those at risk of developing cancer, optimize prevention and detection, and improve outcomes.
A new CRISPR-Cas9 approach targets a detrimental signaling pathway in the heart to confer protection from ischemia/reperfusion injury. This gene editing therapy has shown promise in repairing cardiac damage after a heart attack, with potential applications for treating a range of patients with heart disease.
Researchers have identified genetic somatic mosaicism as a cause of mysterious cases of epilepsy in children. The study found 69 different genes carrying somatic brain mutations that disrupt cellular function and stimulate epileptic seizures. These findings could lead to new molecular classifications for MCD disease and personalized th...
Researchers have created highly mature human neurons from induced pluripotent stem cells using 'dancing molecules.' These mature neurons demonstrate enhanced signaling capabilities and branching ability, making them suitable for studying neurodegenerative diseases like ALS and Alzheimer's. The breakthrough technique opens new opportuni...
An edge-based digital twin service was evaluated for remote control of robotic arms, revealing that inverse kinematics computation and movement trajectory planning are critical functions. The service profile also shows potential for computational resource savings with low-abstraction level commands.
Researchers identified a common brain network underlying several psychiatric illnesses, including schizophrenia and depression. The transdiagnostic network shows gray matter decreases in specific brain regions across most studies.
The American Cancer Society released its annual report on cancer facts and trends, showing a 33% drop in overall cancer mortality since 1991. However, prostate cancer incidence increased by 3% per year from 2014 to 2019, with advanced-stage disease diagnoses rising by 4-5% annually.
A study by Columbia University exercise physiologists found that taking a five-minute walking break every 30 minutes can significantly lower blood sugar and blood pressure, while also reducing fatigue and improving mood. This regimen provided the most benefits, with only one minute of walking per hour providing modest benefits.
A genetically engineered bacterium has enabled the biosynthesis of melanin nanoparticles with excellent biocompatibility, stability, and photothermal conversion efficiency. The resulting nanoparticles showed strong absorption in the near-infrared region and high antitumor efficacy for photoacoustic imaging-guided photothermal therapy.
A new study finds that autonomous vehicles could consume enough energy to generate significant greenhouse gas emissions, highlighting the need for rapid advancements in hardware efficiency. To mitigate this, researchers recommend more efficient autonomous vehicles with smaller carbon footprints.
Researchers at Australian National University and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre found that targeting the Menin protein can reactivate dormant genes, making cancer cells visible to the immune system. This discovery could lead to more effective treatments for lymphoma and lung cancer by combining Menin inhibitors with existing therapies.
A new study has identified distinct patterns of circular RNA expression in human ALS muscle tissue, which display disease-specific gradients and could inform about neuromuscular molecular programs in ALS. The research reveals that specific circRNAs are elevated in ALS muscle biopsies but reduced in spinal cord samples from ALS patients.
A recent study by MSU researcher Morteza Mahmoudi found that less than 2% of proteins identified in nanomedicine analyses were the same across different labs. This extreme lack of consistency poses a significant challenge to ensuring the accuracy of diagnostics and treatments based on nanomedicines.
A team of scientists has developed an automated inspection system for the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) reflector surface using drones and computer vision. The system uses deep-learning techniques to detect defects on the surface, enabling timely repair and maintaining optimal dish surface quality.
Researchers analyzed ancient genomes from ten individuals up to 7,500 years old in Siberia, revealing a previously unknown hunter-gatherer population that contributed to many contemporaneous and subsequent populations across North Asia. The genetic data show a mix of paleo-Siberian and Ancient North Eurasian people, with links to hunte...
Scientists have found that caterpillars can be used as an alternative to rodent models for studying gut inflammation, a risk factor for colorectal cancer. The tobacco hornworm caterpillar has a high degree of similarity to the human gut structure and physiology, making it a promising model organism for future research.
Researchers used a wearable device to track autonomic nervous system activity in IBS patients and healthy subjects. The study found that IBS patients' sympathetic nervous systems were activated before defecation and persisted after, leading to greater abdominal pain and lower quality of life.
A new study published in the Journal of Perinatology found that breast milk from vaccinated parents contains antibodies that provide protection to infants. The study analyzed stool samples from 25 infants and found SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, which offer protection against the virus.
A team of scientists at the University of Leeds has decoded the physical process behind chocolate's sensation in the mouth. They found that fat plays a key role in creating the smooth emulsion, and by understanding this mechanism, they hope to develop healthier luxury chocolates with the same feel and texture.
A study of 665 pet dogs found that life history, owner gender, and breed can influence canine behavior. The results highlight the importance of environmental interactions in shaping animal behavior, suggesting that traits like weight, height, and cranial morphology impact the dog-owner relationship.
A new study reveals that replacing traditional wood- and charcoal-burning stoves in sub-Saharan Africa could save up to 463,000 lives yearly due to reduced air pollution. The OnStove tool provides a data-based way to calculate costs and benefits of transitioning to cleaner alternatives.
Card game addiction is linked to jerky physical values like unpredictable surprise. Researchers found that certain games balance certainty and uncertainty well, making them fast-paced and rewarding.
A study by Rockefeller University scientists found that older male fruit flies are more likely to pass mutations onto their offspring due to less efficient mutation repair mechanisms. This could have implications for inherited-disease risk in humans.
COSMOCAT proposes using cosmic rays to transport random numbers, eliminating the need to send decryption keys and enhancing local device and network security. The system can be used alongside current wireless technologies, offering faster speeds and limited distance capabilities.
A new twin study by Karolinska Institutet suggests that the same genes may be behind both cardiometabolic diseases and dementia. The study found that individuals with multiple cardiometabolic conditions had a significantly increased risk of developing dementia.
Researchers found that hand washing can drastically cut the amount of fibers shed compared to using a machine, offering guidance for greener laundering methods. The study aims to clarify sources of microplastic pollution in the environment and promote more sustainable textile care practices.
A recent study published in AJIC found that many home infusion therapy staff receive no formal training on central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) surveillance. The study identified barriers to training, including lack of learning resources and awareness of professional development opportunities.
A new DNA-collection approach allows scientists to capture genetic information from wildlife without disturbing the animals. The protocol tested on elephant dung yielded enough DNA to sequence whole genomes not only of the elephants but also of associated microbes, plants, parasites and other organisms.
Farming edible insects could improve food security by reducing resource intensity and increasing protein content. Insects have the potential to replace conventional livestock feed, offering unique nutrients and health benefits for animals, while transforming low-value agricultural waste into high-quality feed.
A randomized clinical trial of 1,288 adults with mild to moderate COVID-19 found that fluvoxamine treatment did not reduce time to sustained recovery compared to placebo. The study suggests that fluvoxamine at a dose and duration tested may not be beneficial in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19.