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Science News Archive November 2023 - Page 32


Page 32 of 40

Software created from ‘building blocks’ could incorporate artificial intelligence, supporting medical staff with workflow and disease management, study finds

A new system of computer software building blocks, EASUL, has been developed to create digital tools that help medical staff prioritize patient care and workloads more effectively. The system was tested using historic data and consultations with clinical teams, and showed promising results in managing community-acquired pneumonia cases.

SourceUniversity Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust·JournalFrontiers in Digital Health·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateNov 7, 2023

New study sheds light on why some animals dive to the dark, deep sea

Researchers found that sharks and other large predatory fish visit the mesopelagic zone, a critical habitat for these species. The study suggests these animals dive to this area for reasons beyond feeding, potentially involving navigation or avoidance of predators.

SourceWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 7, 2023

Obesity linked to neurodegeneration through insulin resistance

Researchers found that a high-sugar diet causes insulin resistance in the brain, reducing its ability to remove neuronal debris and increasing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. This study provides insight into how obesity-inducing diets contribute to disease risk.

SourcePLOS·JournalPLOS Biology·TypeObservational study·DateNov 7, 2023
Apple iPhone 17 Pro

Apple iPhone 17 Pro delivers top performance and advanced cameras for field documentation, data collection, and secure research communications.

Jefferson Lab welcomes next generation of nuclear physicists

Nine graduate students will collaborate with leading nuclear physicists at Jefferson Lab on cutting-edge projects exploring fundamental forces and particles. The fellowships provide financial support and resources to advance the field of nuclear physics.

SourceDOE/Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility·DateNov 7, 2023

Single-cell dynamics of liver development in postnatal pigs

Researchers generated a comprehensive single-cell atlas of postnatal liver development in pigs, uncovering 23 cell types and their dynamic changes. The study highlights the critical role of lymphoid cells in immune function and identifies key transcription factors regulating liver metabolism.

SourceScience China Press·JournalScience Bulletin·DateNov 7, 2023

‘Hot’ new form of microscopy examines materials using evanescent waves

Researchers have developed a new form of microscopy that can probe details in an object's surface using evanescent waves. The technique, which detects radiation emitted by the object itself, has been used to examine thermally excited evanescent waves in dielectric materials with nanoscale precision.

SourceInstitute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo·JournalScientific Reports·DateNov 7, 2023

Study finds low anti-Ro titers are not associated with fetal heart block

Researchers found that pregnant women with very low titers of anti-Ro antibodies are not at risk for fetal atrioventricular (AV) block, a serious disorder affecting the heart's electrical system. In contrast, high-titer antibody pregnancies can benefit from ambulatory fetal heart rhythm monitoring to detect AV block.

SourceAmerican College of Rheumatology·DateNov 7, 2023
Sony Alpha a7 IV (Body Only)

Sony Alpha a7 IV (Body Only) delivers reliable low-light performance and rugged build for astrophotography, lab documentation, and field expeditions.

The climate crisis could trigger the outbreak of new and lethal infectious diseases

A team from IRB Barcelona identifies Candida orthopsilosis, a hybrid fungus, as a potential pathogen that could infect humans and cause disease. The study suggests that climate change may have facilitated the emergence of this new microorganism, which has already been linked to several outbreaks and fatalities.

SourceInstitute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)·JournalNature Communications·DateNov 7, 2023

The molecular basis of ventilator-induced diaphragm weakness

Mitochondrial fragmentation is a key mechanism underlying ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD), leading to excessive reactive oxygen species production and calcium homeostasis impairment. Blocking mitochondrial fission at the initiation of mechanical ventilation with a molecule like P110 could potentially prevent VIDD.

SourcePNAS Nexus·JournalPNAS Nexus·DateNov 7, 2023

Risk of dying in hospital from respiratory causes is higher in the summer than in the winter

A study published in The Lancet Regional Health - Europe found that ambient temperature is strongly associated with inpatient mortality from respiratory diseases, particularly during the warm season. The research suggests that high temperatures contribute to an increase in fatal hospital admissions, especially in Barcelona.

SourceBarcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)·JournalThe Lancet Regional Health - Europe·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateNov 7, 2023
Apple AirPods Pro (2nd Generation, USB-C)

Apple AirPods Pro (2nd Generation, USB-C) provide clear calls and strong noise reduction for interviews, conferences, and noisy field environments.

Guilt not as persuasive if directly tied to personal responsibility

A meta-analysis of studies found guilt has only a small persuasive effect, making it less effective than previously thought. Existential guilt appeals better for broader issues like environmental and educational topics, while personal responsibility-based guilt is less effective in health communications.

SourceWashington State University·JournalFrontiers in Psychology·DateNov 7, 2023

Lung cancer screening dramatically increases long-term survival rate

A new study published in Radiology shows that patients diagnosed with lung cancer via CT screening have a 20-year survival rate of 81 percent, significantly higher than the average five-year survival rate for all lung cancer patients. Early detection through routine screening can lead to a cure if found early.

SourceThe Mount Sinai Hospital / Mount Sinai School of Medicine·JournalRadiology·DateNov 7, 2023

Deciphering reproductive aging in women using a NOD/SCID mouse model

Researchers created an immunodeficient mouse model of physiological ovarian aging, mirroring female fertility decline with age. The study found decreased oocyte quality, impaired follicle activation and growth, and increased mitochondrial dysfunctions in Old mice.

SourceImpact Journals LLC·JournalAging-US·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 7, 2023
SAMSUNG T9 Portable SSD 2TB

SAMSUNG T9 Portable SSD 2TB transfers large imagery and model outputs quickly between field laptops, lab workstations, and secure archives.

Suspected bronchiectasis associated with higher risk of mortality in smokers

Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital analyzed data from over 7,500 patients to discover that suspected bronchiectasis in smokers is associated with a higher risk of mortality. The study suggests that lung imaging can help identify this condition, leading to improved patient care.

SourceBrigham and Women's Hospital·JournalAnnals of Internal Medicine·TypeObservational study·DateNov 7, 2023

Apps for depression: Effective, but with room for improvement

A study involving UOC researchers confirms that smartphone-based interventions can significantly reduce depression symptoms, especially when combined with professional support. Users prefer simple apps and those with more serious depression use them more.

SourceUniversitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC)·JournalJMIR Mental Health·TypeLiterature review·DateNov 7, 2023

‘Crowding out’ the competition: Study reveals surprising livestream chatting and tipping behavior

A new study by the University of Notre Dame found that viewers tend to tip less and chat more when they see others receiving higher tips, leading to a 'crowding-out' effect. This behavior is driven by the pursuit of social status and can be mitigated by splitting crowded livestreams into smaller virtual sessions.

SourceUniversity of Notre Dame·JournalProduction and Operations Management·DateNov 7, 2023
Apple Watch Series 11 (GPS, 46mm)

Apple Watch Series 11 (GPS, 46mm) tracks health metrics and safety alerts during long observing sessions, fieldwork, and remote expeditions.

A new perspective on Petri net learning

A new approach called Net Learning uses deep neural networks to approximate the reachability set of Petri nets, avoiding the state space explosion problem. This allows for a probabilistic solution to be obtained without needing to solve the equivalent NP-Hard problems.

SourceHigher Education Press·JournalFrontiers of Computer Science·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 7, 2023

New AI system can read, evaluate college application essays

Researchers developed an AI system that can scan through college application essays to identify evidence of key personal traits, such as leadership and perseverance. The system aims to reduce algorithmic bias and provide more holistic admissions decisions.

SourceUniversity of Colorado at Boulder·JournalScience Advances·DateNov 7, 2023
Anker Laptop Power Bank 25,000mAh (Triple 100W USB-C)

Anker Laptop Power Bank 25,000mAh (Triple 100W USB-C) keeps Macs, tablets, and meters powered during extended observing runs and remote surveys.

Assessing the sustainability of trade in wild-harvested plants

A method for assessing sustainability of wild-harvested plants is demonstrated on Nardostachys jatamansi, a critically endangered Himalayan perennial herb. The proposed process integrates ecological and trade data to estimate sustainability levels, suggesting cultivating-while-harvesting as an effective approach.

SourcePNAS Nexus·JournalPNAS Nexus·DateNov 7, 2023

PET scans may predict Parkinson’s disease and Lewy body dementia in at-risk individuals

Researchers used PET scans to detect low cardiac norepinephrine levels in individuals with Parkinson's risk factors, finding that those with low radioactivity were highly likely to develop Parkinson's or Lewy body dementia. The study suggests a potential biomarker for early detection and treatment of these diseases.

SourceNIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke·JournalJournal of Clinical Investigation·TypeObservational study·DateNov 7, 2023

Southern Alaska’s national forests key to meeting climate, conservation goals, OSU study shows

The study highlights the importance of protecting the Tongass and Chugach national forests in Southern Alaska, which provide habitat for iconic species like bald eagles, brown bears, and gray wolves. Increased protections for these forests are seen as key to mitigating climate change and preserving biodiversity.

SourceOregon State University·JournalAGU Advances·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateNov 7, 2023
DJI Air 3 (RC-N2)

DJI Air 3 (RC-N2) captures 4K mapping passes and environmental surveys with dual cameras, long flight time, and omnidirectional obstacle sensing.

Another building block for personalized medicine for lung cancer is discovered

A new study reveals a link between the removal of the FGFR1 protein's extracellular domain and a significant decrease in tumour volume. This finding offers a potential new avenue of treatment for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lungs, who have shown limited success with current therapies.

SourceUniversity of Cologne·JournalJournal of Clinical Investigation·DateNov 7, 2023

Why we don’t all develop posttraumatic stress disorder

A new study finds that individuals with PTSD symptoms exhibit a blunted responsiveness to cortisol, leading to impaired fear extinction and other biological alterations. Researchers used a genetically selected rat model to demonstrate the causal link between low glucocorticoid levels and PTSD vulnerability.

SourceEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne·JournalBiological Psychiatry·DateNov 7, 2023

Contraceptive pills might impair fear-regulating regions in women’s brains

A study found that women using oral contraceptives had a thinner ventromedial prefrontal cortex than men, which is thought to sustain emotion regulation. The effects of COCs on brain development and emotional regulation are still not well understood, highlighting the need for further research.

SourceFrontiers·JournalFrontiers in Endocrinology·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 7, 2023
GoPro HERO13 Black

GoPro HERO13 Black records stabilized 5.3K video for instrument deployments, field notes, and outreach, even in harsh weather and underwater conditions.

UTSA researchers discover new method to inhibit cholera infection

Researchers at UTSA have discovered a novel strategy to inhibit the spread and infection of Vibrio cholerae, the bacteria responsible for cholera. They identified a peptide-binding domain that can disrupt the virulence of V. cholerae, preventing intestinal colonization and biofilm formation.

SourceUniversity of Texas at San Antonio·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateNov 7, 2023

Poetry can help people cope with loneliness or isolation

A study by the University of Plymouth and Nottingham Trent University found that reading and writing poetry had a substantial positive impact on participants' wellbeing during the pandemic. Poetry helped reduce feelings of loneliness, anxiety, and depression, as well as supporting social and cultural recovery.

SourceUniversity of Plymouth·JournalJournal of Poetry Therapy·TypeSystematic review·DateNov 7, 2023
Sky-Watcher EQ6-R Pro Equatorial Mount

Sky-Watcher EQ6-R Pro Equatorial Mount provides precise tracking capacity for deep-sky imaging rigs during long astrophotography sessions.

Cracking the code: Genome sequencing reveals why songbirds are larger in colder climates

Scientists have unlocked the genetic basis underlying the remarkable variation in body size observed in song sparrows, one of North America's most familiar and beloved songbirds. The study found eight genetic variants associated with body mass, largely responsible for the nearly threefold difference in body size across the species' range.

SourceUniversity of British Columbia·JournalNature Communications·TypeObservational study·DateNov 7, 2023

Machine learning gives users ‘superhuman’ ability to open and control tools in virtual reality

Researchers from the University of Cambridge have developed a virtual reality application that allows users to build figures and shapes without interacting with menus. The 'HotGestures' system uses machine learning to recognize hand gestures, providing fast and effective shortcuts for tool selection and usage.

SourceUniversity of Cambridge·JournalIEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics·DateNov 7, 2023

Education key to curbing antimicrobial resistance in cats

Better education for cat owners and veterinarians is key to reducing antimicrobial use, which contributes to rising resistance. The study's findings highlight the need for faster, cheaper diagnostic testing and better training of pet owners and vets.

SourceCornell University·JournalJournal of the American Veterinary Medical Association·DateNov 7, 2023
Celestron NexStar 8SE Computerized Telescope

Celestron NexStar 8SE Computerized Telescope combines portable Schmidt-Cassegrain optics with GoTo pointing for outreach nights and field campaigns.

Groundbreaking Auburn University study unveils brain's remarkable recycling system!

Researchers at Auburn University have discovered a specific pathway regulating how older proteins are transported to the cell body for recycling. This process is essential for maintaining effective neural communication and ensuring optimal cognitive function.

SourceAuburn University Department of Physics·JournalFrontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 7, 2023

Colostrum key to saving beef calves from trouble

A recent study found that insufficient antibody transfer to newborn beef calves leads to negative health effects, including increased medical treatment needs and mortality rates. Researchers recommend beef calf-specific colostrum intervention strategies and better vaccine management for pregnant cows and heifers.

SourceNorth Carolina State University·JournalPreventive Veterinary Medicine·TypeObservational study·DateNov 7, 2023
CalDigit TS4 Thunderbolt 4 Dock

CalDigit TS4 Thunderbolt 4 Dock simplifies serious desks with 18 ports for high-speed storage, monitors, and instruments across Mac and PC setups.

Dual hydration of oceanic lithosphere

Oceanic lithosphere is hydrated through two stages: initial hydration at mid-ocean ridges and secondary hydration at subduction zones. The study found that subduction-related process contributes to most of the mantle hydration, playing a crucial role in plate tectonics and Earth's water cycle

SourceScience China Press·JournalNational Science Review·DateNov 7, 2023

‘Biodiversity time machine’ provides insights into a century of loss.

Researchers used sediment DNA to reconstruct a 100-year history of biodiversity, chemical pollution, and climate change levels in a Danish lake. The study found that pollutants like insecticides and increased temperatures had devastating effects on biodiversity, while suggesting some recovery over the last 20 years.

SourceUniversity of Birmingham·JournaleLife·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateNov 7, 2023

Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology researchers develop metal-enhanced fluorescence probes for influenza a virus detection

Researchers at Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology developed metal-enhanced fluorescence probes for rapid and accurate detection of influenza viruses. The probes showed high sensitivity and specificity, detecting the virus even at low concentrations, with a remarkable accuracy of over 99%.

SourceGIST (Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology)·JournalACS Nano·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 7, 2023

New strategy may halt tumors' aggressive response to glucose deprivation

Researchers identified a mechanism that fuels cancer cell growth and developed a new strategy to restrict this process. By restricting glucose in lung cancer cells, they found it caused the cells to lose their specialized features, making them more aggressive.

SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences·JournalCancer Research·DateNov 7, 2023

Measuring skin water loss predicts anaphylaxis during food allergy tests

Researchers developed a method to measure transepidermal water loss to detect anaphylaxis before epinephrine injections are necessary. The study showed that skin water loss increases before anaphylaxis occurs and can predict food challenge outcomes.

SourceMichigan Medicine - University of Michigan·JournalJournal of Clinical Investigation·TypeRandomized controlled/clinical trial·DateNov 7, 2023
Apple iPad Pro 11-inch (M4)

Apple iPad Pro 11-inch (M4) runs demanding GIS, imaging, and annotation workflows on the go for surveys, briefings, and lab notebooks.

Food insecurity associated with liver disease in teens

A study found that teens experiencing food insecurity, who rely on low-cost ultra-processed foods, are developing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) at a higher rate. Participating in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) seems to protect young people against liver disease.

SourceAmerican Association for the Study of Liver Diseases·DateNov 7, 2023

Bisphenol A and asthma in mice

Researchers found that bisphenol A (BPA) inactivates microbial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), a key trigger for allergic asthma. This disruption increases susceptibility to asthma in mice, highlighting a potential link between BPA exposure and immune disorders.

SourcePNAS Nexus·JournalPNAS Nexus·DateNov 7, 2023

RMIT study suggests link between feral horses and peatland carbon emissions

A new RMIT study reveals that feral horses can release significant amounts of carbon dioxide from Australian alpine peatlands, compromising their ability to capture and store carbon. The research found that degraded peatlands, caused by horse trampling and grazing, emit more carbon than intact sites.

SourceRMIT University·JournalJournal of Environmental Management·TypeObservational study·DateNov 7, 2023
Nikon Monarch 5 8x42 Binoculars

Nikon Monarch 5 8x42 Binoculars deliver bright, sharp views for wildlife surveys, eclipse chases, and quick star-field scans at dark sites.

Groundbreaking research into cancer treatment receives financial boost

Researchers at the University of Leicester have received a significant financial boost to advance their cancer treatment research. The team will investigate 'liquid biopsies' to reveal vital clues about cancer genetic makeup, aiming to predict how cancer changes and which treatment works best for individual patients.

SourceUniversity of Leicester·DateNov 7, 2023

Communities of color suffer disproportionately higher pollution-related deaths

A new Northwestern University study estimates that approximately 171,000 premature deaths per year are linked to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure, with a disproportionate number occurring in marginalized communities. The study found that NO2 pollution affects predominantly Black census tracts 47% higher than the national average.

SourceNorthwestern University·JournalEnvironmental Science & Technology Letters·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateNov 7, 2023
Garmin GPSMAP 67i with inReach

Garmin GPSMAP 67i with inReach provides rugged GNSS navigation, satellite messaging, and SOS for backcountry geology and climate field teams.

How a moth’s taste preferences change with age

Researchers discovered that cotton bollworm larvae use Gr10 to detect sucrose in low-sugar tissues, while adults primarily rely on Gr6 to sense a variety of sugars. This finding could lead to new approaches for pest control and increase crop yields.

SourceeLife·JournaleLife·DateNov 7, 2023