Researchers unveil a groundbreaking approach to designing refractory high-entropy alloys with unparalleled strength and ductility. The method, integrating machine learning with advanced computational techniques, has resulted in the development of alloys with superior mechanical properties.
A multinational study found that people with unmedicated mental illness are less likely to be vaccinated against COVID-19, with a 9% lower vaccination rate compared to the general population. Individuals with substance use disorder were also 16% less likely to receive the vaccine.
A new online tool has been shown to reduce decisional conflict in women with breast cancer undergoing mastectomy, supporting informed decisions on immediate breast reconstruction. The study found that patients who used the tool felt better prepared for decision-making and had a lower rate of clinically significant decisional conflict.
A University College Cork study reveals that over 80% of pregnant women in Ireland are iron deficient by their third trimester, linked to increased risks of complications. The findings emphasize the need for routine screening and education on iron intake during pregnancy.
A new AI-based approach called SPOT can predict substrate matches for transport proteins with an accuracy above 92%, speeding up laboratory experiments and enabling biotechnological applications. The model uses a training dataset of over 8,500 experimentally validated transporter-substrate pairs to make predictions.
The American Ornithological Society has awarded four $15,000 Kessel Fellowships to Dr. Andre Moncrieff, Glaucia Del-Rio, Felicity L. Newell, and Anne Ausems for their ornithological research in Arctic and tropical ecosystems. The fellowships aim to investigate the drivers and mechanisms of population change and the ultimate impacts on ...
A DNA-collecting drone has been developed to identify species in tree canopies, providing insights into remote habitats. The drone's specialized fabric probe collects environmental DNA from leaves and branches, allowing researchers to identify organisms such as arachnids, insects, and monkeys.
A new study found that large-scale removal of discarded fishing gear and plastic debris in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands significantly reduced entanglement rates of endangered Hawaiian monk seals. The findings suggest that marine debris cleanup programs are successful and that reducing plastic inputs can maximize conservation outco...
A recent study reveals significant sex differences in genetic vulnerability to psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression. The findings suggest that genetic factors contribute to the risk of developing these disorders differently between men and women.
Researchers discovered significant differences in charging properties and particle dynamics of Chang'e-5 samples under high-vacuum conditions. The findings suggest new methods for controlling lunar particles, crucial for dust elimination and mineral enrichment in space applications.
Childhood obesity has surged globally, with nearly half of all overweight children under 5 years old found in Asia. The authors highlight the need for coordinated efforts to address this epidemic, including increased physical activity and healthier diets.
A team of researchers at UMC Utrecht has identified 29 novel antibodies against the bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae, an important cause of drug-resistant infections. The antibodies were found to interact with antigens on the bacterial surface and some act synergistically to neutralize the pathogen.
A new study published in Nature has found that the type 2 immune response is positively correlated with long-term cancer remission, contradicting previous theories that it promotes tumor growth. The research used samples from pioneering clinical trials and revealed a statistically significant correlation between type 2 immune factors a...
Researchers found that serotonin release scales with the value of rewards, indicating its role in monitoring reward quality. The study used a new biosensor to measure serotonin levels in mice receiving varied concentrations of evaporated milk as rewards.
Research finds high levels of inbreeding in Lassen and Sierra Nevada red fox populations, highlighting genetic rescue as a viable option for restoration. The study also reveals the potential for reconnection with neighboring populations to increase adaptive potential.
A team of scientists has identified a new genetic mutation in the SGIP1 gene that may cause early-onset Parkinsonism. The mutation affects brain cell communication, leading to synaptic dysfunction and recessive Parkinsonism. This discovery provides new insights into the disease's development and potential treatment strategies.
Researchers have developed a novel biochar-based substrate that improves denitrification in constructed wetlands under low C/N ratios. The new approach boosts nitrogen removal rates by up to 45.89% and reduces nitrous oxide emissions by 70.57%.
Neurobiologists identify shared brain mechanism behind meth and PCP-induced cognitive deficits, finding a reversible switch in neurotransmitters. Reversing this switch restores memory function, offering potential for new treatments.
A study found that nitrogen-fixing bacteria in soil enhance flowers' attractiveness to bumblebees. Plants with these bacteria grew significantly taller and larger than those without, and their flowers became more vibrant and attractive to pollinators.
Astronomers using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope discovered that the blowtorch-like jet from a supermassive black hole at the core of a huge galaxy causes stars to erupt along its trajectory. The finding suggests that there is something missing from our understanding of how black hole jets interact with their surroundings.
A modelling study suggests that slow waning of MMR vaccine-induced immunity may contribute to rising measles cases in double-vaccinated people. However, the MMR vaccine remains the most effective measure to prevent measles infection, and community vaccination levels above 95% are essential to prevent outbreaks.
A new JAMA commentary by Boston University School of Public Health researchers warns that Project 2025's conservative blueprint would undermine healthcare and public health. The playbook's proposals, led by The Heritage Foundation, include deregulating healthcare, weakening the ACA, and allowing discrimination within healthcare settings.
Researchers identified T. immunophila as a key player in breaking down the gut's protective immune barrier, leading to increased susceptibility to pathogens and delayed repair of the gut barrier. The discovery provides a promising new avenue for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's, and ulcerative colitis.
UNCG researchers aim to reduce rapid weight gain and obesity risk among Latine infants by supporting mothers in breastfeeding. Breastfeeding without supplementation during infancy correlates with less excess weight gain for the baby and a healthier weight throughout childhood.
Researchers have discovered a gene responsible for some inherited retinal diseases, which damage the retina and threaten vision. The study identified the UBAP1L gene as a cause of different forms of retinal dystrophy, including maculopathy and cone-rod dystrophy, affecting central and night vision.
Researchers at Pohang University of Science & Technology developed a non-fluorinated battery system to comply with environmental regulations and enhance battery performance. The innovative 'APA-LC' system, entirely free of fluorinated compounds, shows improved oxidation stability and higher capacity retention.
The study analyzes 40 years of avalanche data, showing a significant increase in survival rates from 43.5% to 53.5% and a decrease in rescue time from 45 minutes to 25 minutes.
Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology developed a method to precisely control the timing of DNA droplet division, mimicking biological Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation (LLPS) droplets. This breakthrough enables precise control over synthetic droplet dynamics, key to developing bio-inspired systems.
Researchers introduce a novel, green approach to convert citrus waste into bioactive pectin and micronized cellulose using cavitation. The process, termed CytroCav, offers a circular economy practice requiring only water and electricity.
Researchers discovered phytoene boosts nematode lifespan by 10-18.6% and reduces amyloid plaque formation by 30-40%. The study uses Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism.
A cross-sectional study found significant increases in sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The rise in SUID rates was linked to off-season resurgences of infectious pathogens, with RSV rates closely approximating this shift.
The article reviews existing cloud workload prediction work from a new perspective, highlighting variability and heterogeneity of application workloads. It classifies recent research into application-oriented categories and discusses challenges and future directions in workload prediction and proactive long-term resource management.
Researchers developed a lignin sub-microsphere loaded with TiO2 for enhanced sunscreen capabilities, achieving SPF 42.93 and improved color properties.
A new study reveals that extreme heat significantly alters how people go about their daily lives, reducing outdoor activities and shifting transportation choices. Vulnerable groups, such as low-income individuals without access to cars, face the biggest challenges in coping with extreme heat.
A new study led by University of Illinois Chicago scientist Akintomide Akinsanola found that most Americans can expect wetter winters in the future due to global warming. Winter precipitation and extreme weather events are expected to increase across most of the country, with six regions experiencing more frequent very wet winters.
A recent study found that pregnant women who get less than 7 hours of sleep per night are at higher risk of having children with neurodevelopmental delays. This can affect social, emotional, behavioral, motor, cognitive, or speech skills in the child.
Researchers investigated the mechanisms behind corneal epithelial ingrowth (EI) after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) surgery. EI is a rare complication that can occur due to the formation of an opaque bubble layer during surgery, which creates microchannels allowing epithelial cells to migrate into the cornea.
A recent study published in Cell Reports reveals that a pregnant woman's genetic background significantly affects the effectiveness of Non-Invasive Prenatal Tests (NIPTs). The study found that a specific genetic variant in approximately 7% of women increases the odds of inconclusive results and impairs test sensitivity. This discovery ...
A review of studies found that voice assistants can make a direct contribution to reducing loneliness in older people, with 85% of studies concluding this. The use of devices provides a sense of social interaction and emotional support, mitigating feelings of isolation and improving mental health.
The UT Arlington Neutrino Group has successfully identified the detector's neutrino interactions for the first time in a decade-long project. The group's work on the SBND experiment aims to study neutrino oscillation and search for evidence of a fourth neutrino, with the potential to redefine our understanding of the universe.
A University of Sydney-led study found multiple surgeries contribute to memory and brain health issues in older adults, with physical differences observed in brain areas responsible for memory. Cognitive decline is noticeable with each additional surgery.
In transport networks, competing branches change dynamics drastically when reaching the system's boundary, forming loops. This process leads to increased stability and reduced damage susceptibility. Various systems exhibit similar dynamics, supporting a simple physical explanation for loop formation.
Research found that babies conceived through assisted reproductive technology have a 36% higher risk of major heart defects compared to naturally conceived babies. The study also showed that multiple births are associated with an even greater risk of congenital heart defects.
Researchers successfully synthesized Ti3AlC2-yNy carbonitride MAX phase solid solutions with varying N contents, demonstrating tunable mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. The team's study broadens the fundamental research and applications of MAX phase materials.
A new study using a mammal model suggests that fitness loss through spontaneous mutations will not significantly affect human populations. The research indicates that even without natural selection, the rate of fitness decline is not a cause for concern, providing reassurance about human viability in the near future.
Researchers at University of California - San Diego have discovered that Crohn's disease consists of two distinct molecular subtypes, each exhibiting unique patterns of genetic mutation and cellular phenotypes. This finding could lead to more effective management strategies, with therapies tailored to specific subtypes.
Veterinary scientists at Université de Montréal have created a way to scan the brains of cats while they're awake by concealing electrodes in crocheted wool caps. This new technique uses electroencephalograms (EEGs) and can help alleviate chronic pain in cats.
New research suggests that exposure to vape and e-cigarette residue on surfaces during pregnancy can cause immune system damage in unborn babies. The study found that maternal third-hand exposure to e-vapour results in significant, long-lasting effects on lung and bone marrow immune cell responses.
Researchers have devised a method to convert caragana waste into a potential ruminant feed by using a two-stage bioaugmentation process. The TBA process improves the nutritional value and safety of the waste, reducing lignin content and anti-nutritional factors.
A study found increased antioxidant content and activity in Japanese apricot pickles made with salted red perilla leaves. The phenolic compounds' release was highest before digestion, but a significant increase occurred between 60 minutes and 120 minutes of small intestinal digestion.
Researchers at the University of Chicago have developed artificial photocatalytic systems using framework materials, which significantly outperform their homogeneous analogs. These materials can fine-tune performances in photosynthesis-like reactions by incorporating the right photosensitizers and catalysts.
New research reveals a strong connection between childhood opportunities and long-term academic success, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to address opportunity gaps. The study found that increasing access to various educational and social experiences can significantly boost earnings as a young adult.
A new study published in PLOS Mental Health found a relationship between daily sunlight exposure, physical activity, and depressed state. The research used wrist-based activity sensors to collect data from individuals with depression and those without, revealing that more depressed states were associated with lower daytime activity.
A new study finds that rural men can expect to live two years less than their urban counterparts by age 60, and spend fewer years in good health. The urban-rural gap in life expectancy and health quality has nearly tripled over two decades due to higher rates of smoking, obesity, and cardiovascular conditions.
A study found that galactic cosmic radiation can cause long-lasting learning deficits in female rodents, but an antioxidant compound reduced this impact. The findings contribute to a broader understanding of radiation's long-term impact on cognitive health.
Researchers at UT Austin developed AI model EvoRank to design protein-based therapies and vaccines by leveraging nature's evolutionary processes. The model identifies useful mutations in proteins, offering a new approach to biomedical research and biotechnology.
Researchers from Nanjing Tech University developed Rhodococcus strain N1-S, which enhances the degradation of toxic compounds in lignocellulose derivatives. The strain boosts succinic acid yields by 6.5 times, promising a more efficient path to sustainable biofuels.
A recent study has lifted the veil of topological censorship by revealing a meandering conduction channel that can carry quantized bulk current. The researchers identified mechanisms that allow for tuning between qualitatively different microscopic implementations, challenging traditional theories.
A new study published in Heliyon analyzed the characteristics of drivers and passengers involved in traffic accidents in Spain between 2014 and 2020. The results show that the risk of death or serious injury among passengers is lower when the driver is female, but higher for female occupants. This could be attributed to biological and ...
A novel molecular glue, LXH-3-71, was discovered to degrade PHGDH by facilitating formation of a dynamic chimera with the DDB1-CRL E3 ligase. This interaction modulates the stemness of colorectal cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo.