Researchers found significant improvements in lesion detection with whole-body TOF FDG PET scans, particularly in larger patients and shorter studies. TOF scans yielded better image signal-to-noise due to travel time consideration, reducing scanning time and patient motion.
Researchers identified a genetic switch, estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERR gamma), that converts fast twitch fibers into slow twitch fibers with increased blood supply. This discovery offers potential therapeutic avenues for treating critical limb ischemia and other cardiovascular diseases.
A cancer-causing retrovirus exploits key proteins in host cells to extend cell life and spread. The study found that the viral protein targets ATM and REG-gamma, leading to prolonged cell survival and increased virus transmission.
A collaboration between CSIRO and NASA has tracked down 25 ultrafast 'millisecond' pulsars in just two years, revealing insights into the physics of these small spinning stars. The research uses a combination of land- and space-based detectors to understand how pulsars make their beams of radiation.
LSU scientists and an international team discovered the Crab Nebula is flickering due to changes in magnetic fields near its central neutron star. The anomaly has significant implications for astronomers, forcing them to find new ways to calibrate their instruments.
Scientists using NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope have detected beams of antimatter produced above thunderstorms, a phenomenon never seen before. The detection is attributed to terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) associated with lightning and the spacecraft's ability to magnetically connect with distant storms.
Researchers discovered a continuum of cells with varying levels of PPAR gamma and lipids, contradicting the long-held theory that PPAR gamma equals fat. This finding has implications for type 2 diabetes treatment and may lead to the development of new drugs targeting coactivators.
The discovery of gamma-ray flares in the Crab Nebula, powered by a rapidly spinning neutron star, challenges current theories on cosmic particle acceleration. The flares were caused by super-charged electrons of up to 10 peta-electron volts, 1,000 times more energetic than any man-made accelerator.
Researchers at Eindhoven University of Technology have developed an affordable alternative to the expensive X-FEL, which can perform similar molecular process research on a tabletop. The 'poor man's X-FEL' uses electrons instead of X-rays and requires less energy, making it a more feasible option for researchers.
Researchers at UCI discovered that circadian rhythms directly control PPAR-gamma, a protein essential for lipid metabolism. The discovery could lead to new pharmaceuticals targeting the specific amino acid on PPAR-gamma, offering a singular target for drug development.
The telescope discovered two gamma-ray-emitting bubbles that span 50,000 light-years north and south of the galactic center
University of Maryland researchers developed a scheme to detect concealed radioactive material without searching containers one by one. The concept uses gamma-ray emission from the material ionizing the surrounding air, facilitated by high-power, coherent terahertz or infrared radiation.
A new gamma-ray detector, Polaris, can pinpoint and show the exact location of radiation sources, unlike conventional detectors. It provides a real-time image of the radiation source, allowing inspectors to navigate towards it with precision.
A new study analyzing four extremely bright gamma-ray bursts observed by NASA's Fermi satellite suggests that these events are likely powered by black holes rather than neutron stars. The analysis found that the remnant of a long-duration burst is most likely a black hole, as it cannot produce enough energy to power a magnetar.
Researchers from Imperial College London describe a tabletop instrument that produces synchrotron X-rays with energy and quality comparable to some of the largest X-ray facilities in the world. This development could enable more precise investigations at higher resolutions, benefiting scientific and medical advances.
A team of astrophysicists has observed dramatic flares and bursts of energy from a weakly magnetized, slowly rotating pulsar, challenging the understanding of how these events occur in normal, low-field neutron stars. The discovery indicates that internal magnetic fields may be responsible for powering these phenomena.
A new study by UC Berkeley researchers found that children with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) had almost twice the chance of having been exposed to three or more X-rays compared to those without leukemia. The results differ slightly by region, with a modest increase associated with chest X-rays.
The Firefly satellite, developed by University of Maryland students, will study Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) and their link to lightning. The mission aims to answer whether lightning triggers or is triggered by these high-energy flashes.
Researchers found that NGP 555 selectively targets gamma secretase, reducing Aβ42 and amyloid pathology in a transgenic mouse model. Chronic administration led to significant reduction in diffuse and neuritic plaques without GI side effects.
Researchers have identified gamma-secretase activating protein (GSAP) as a key player in the formation of Alzheimer's disease-plaque beta-amyloid. Gleevec, a cancer drug, shows promise in targeting GSAP and reducing plaque production.
Astronomers have detected gamma rays from a nova, dispelling the idea that these explosions are not powerful enough to produce high-energy radiation. The newly detected explosion is equivalent to about 1,000 times the energy of the sun.
Astronomers detected gamma rays from a nova using NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, surprising scientists with evidence of high-energy radiation. The discovery sheds new light on the power of nova explosions and their potential to emit gamma rays.
Researchers discovered that specific cadherin molecules expand molecular diversity and specificity in cell-cell adhesion, shedding light on autism and mental retardation. The study's findings could lead to a better understanding of synapse formation and brain circuit assembly during normal development.
Researchers at IceCube observatory discover unusual pattern in cosmic ray data, shedding new light on interstellar magnetic fields and possible sources of high-energy cosmic rays. The finding provides a significant boost to physics and astronomy studies, ruling out some proposed theories about the source of Northern Hemisphere anisotropy.
Researchers discovered a new mechanism by which PPAR-gamma controls whole-body insulin sensitivity, potentially leading to more selective and safer diabetes medications. This finding may motivate pharmaceutical companies to revisit compounds targeting PPAR-gamma.
Astronomers detected a record-breaking X-ray blast from beyond the Milky Way galaxy, temporarily blinding NASA's Swift space observatory. The burst, named GRB 100621A, was more than 140 times brighter than any continuous X-ray source in the sky.
Researchers used a new model to test the effects of gamma secretase inhibitors on Alzheimer's disease. The study found that these drugs do not cause a surge in amyloid beta levels when treatment is interrupted, contradicting previous animal studies.
Researchers found that gamma interferon prompts the activation of hematopoietic stem cells, which produce immune system cells to combat infections. Chronic infections like tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS may lead to bone marrow exhaustion due to sustained activity by these stem cells.
Researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory are developing gamma-ray detectors to improve cancer therapy using heavy-ion beams. The Compact Compton Imager 2 (CCI-2) is a compact imager that can provide real-time images of the ion beam's energy distribution in tumors.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have constructed a powerful phylogenetic tree for the gamma-proteobacteria using hundreds of genes and integrating more information than traditional single-gene approaches. The consensus tree provides a tool for predicting shared biology and analyzing bacterial adaptations to their environments.
A study published by the American College of Radiology suggests that standard X-rays are less effective than CT scans in detecting pelvic fractures. The research found that 48% of pelvic injuries were missed using standard X-rays alone, and that CT scans provide more complete evaluation of suspected pelvic injuries.
A new CT technique eliminates the need for X-rays in trauma patients with possible spinal fractures, lowering cost and radiation exposure. The study found that 19% of patients with reformatted CT data also had unnecessary X-rays, resulting in a significant additional radiation dose and cost.
Researchers at OHSU have developed a blood test that can identify individuals at risk of heart attacks, including those with normal cholesterol levels. The test measures gamma-prime fibrinogen and has been shown to be effective in predicting coronary artery disease.
Astronomers used the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope to map gamma rays emitted by Centaurus A, a galaxy with a supersized black hole. The discovery confirms that microwave photons can be accelerated to gamma-ray energies through inverse Compton scattering.
Researchers successfully controlled x-ray pulses using laser light, enabling new possibilities for quantum information storage and processing. This breakthrough has the potential to shape x-ray pulses on a femtosecond time scale.
A new study by the American College of Radiology found that X-rays are often inconclusive in detecting hip and pelvic fractures. The study used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to confirm or rule out fractures, revealing a significant number of missed diagnoses.
A new study found that chest x-rays can predict which H1N1 patients are likely to become sicker. Abnormal findings in the periphery of both lungs were associated with poor clinical outcomes. The study's findings suggest that chest x-rays may help clinicians better identify high-risk patients who require close monitoring.
Astronomers using NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope found that less than a third of gamma-ray emission arises from black-hole-powered jets. The study suggests that alternative explanations, such as particle acceleration in normal star-forming galaxies and dark matter, may be responsible for the extragalactic gamma-ray background.
Researchers found that gamma rays originate closer to one light year from black holes than expected, and the jet curves as it travels away from the black hole. This new understanding of blazar jets requires a rethinking of their structure and poses challenges for theorists trying to construct such jets.
New images from NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope reveal the sources of cosmic rays, which consist mainly of protons moving at nearly the speed of light. The telescope mapped billion-electron-volt gamma-rays from middle-aged and young supernova remnants, providing insights into the origins of these energetic particles.
Researchers have identified a potential new set of targets to improve the efficiency of pancreatic islet transplantation. The study found that treatment with an antibody targeting HMGB1 prevented early pancreatic islet loss and inhibited IFN-gamma production by NKT cells and Gr-1+CD11b+ cells.
Scientists have found a supernova explosion that exhibits characteristics of a gamma-ray burst but lacks gamma rays. The discovery using the National Science Foundation's Very Large Array radio telescope promises to aid in locating more examples of these mysterious events.
Researchers are exploring ways to increase iron and zinc quantities in white flour using high-intensity x-rays. This approach aims to develop nutritious grain varieties that can help address global dietary deficiencies.
Astronomers have created a breakthrough in finding natural cosmic tools to detect gravitational waves. Gamma-ray telescopes have guided radio astronomers to specific locations in the sky where they can discover new millisecond pulsars, which can serve as precise and stable clocks for detecting gravitational waves.
Scientists at NYU Langone Medical Center have discovered a new pathway that protects epithelial and endothelial cells from uncontrolled tuberculosis infection by producing an enzyme that inhibits Th17 cell production.
Duke University engineers have created a new generation of lens that surpasses traditional lenses in focusing electromagnetic rays, with a wide angle of view and flat focal point. The lens is made from exotic composite materials known as metamaterials and has the potential to replace traditional optical systems.
Researchers have developed a new technology called 'T-rays' that can penetrate through opaque dry materials without causing harm. This breakthrough could lead to new security measures, such as detecting weapons or drugs concealed on a human body, as well as medical applications, including material studies and biology.
Astronomers have identified the brightest source in the gamma-ray sky, with galaxy 3C 454.3 emitting flares 10 times brighter than its summer levels. The blazar's exceptional brightness is due to its orientation, with a jet aimed straight at Earth.
Scientists have measured magnetic fields in the afterglow of a gamma-ray burst for the first time using a specialized camera on a telescope. This breakthrough observation opens up the study of magnetic fields in these cosmic events, potentially changing our understanding of their role in powering and collimating gamma-ray bursts.
Researchers at the University of Rochester have discovered a method to turn metals black using a high-intensity laser burst, allowing them to detect electromagnetic radiation in the terahertz range. This technology has the potential to enable unprecedented diagnoses of diseases by detecting molecular properties of diseased tissues.
A diet rich in pistachios may increase dietary intake and serum levels of gamma-tocopherol, potentially reducing lung cancer risk. Pistachio consumption has also been linked to a lower risk of prostate cancer.
The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has detected high-energy gamma-rays from the enigmatic binary system Cygnus X-3, a genuine microquasar. The system's unique properties and strong emission across various wavelengths offer new insights into how high-energy particles are accelerated and move through jets.
The Gamma Rho Chapter of Sigma Theta Tau International received the Chapter Key Award for its commitment to membership recruitment, professional development, and community impact. The chapter honors the legacy of nursing leaders who founded it and strives to emulate their example in supporting nursing leadership and education.
The VERITAS telescope array has found new evidence for cosmic rays in the Cigar Galaxy, supporting the theory that supernovae and stellar winds are the dominant accelerators. The discovery confirms that starburst galaxies contain more cosmic rays than normal galaxies.
Researchers at University Hospitals Case Medical Center report promising results from a study treating glioblastoma multiforme with Gamma Knife radiosurgery, increasing patient survival rates by almost four months compared to traditional radiotherapy alone.
Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope detects diffuse gamma-ray emission from star-forming regions in nearby galaxies, suggesting that these regions are the source of cosmic rays. The telescope observes intense gamma-ray emission from a region called 30 Doradus within the Large Magellanic Cloud, a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way.
Researchers have detected gamma rays of a trillion electron volts coming from the M 82 galaxy, providing evidence for a strong connection between galaxies with high star formation and the production of cosmic rays. The discovery uses the VERITAS array of four telescopes at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory in Arizona.
The Fermi telescope has mapped over 1,000 discrete sources of gamma rays, exceeding previous knowledge. It has also detected a short gamma ray burst, eliminating approaches to new theories of gravity that predict energy-dependent changes in the speed of light.
Two gamma-ray photons arrived at NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope with almost identical speeds, confirming Einstein's special theory of relativity. The high-energy photon was a million times more energetic than the lower-energy one, but its speed was not significantly different.
A study published in the American Journal of Roentgenology found that CT scans are more effective than standard X-rays in detecting abnormalities in patients with the H1N1 virus. The extent of disease was better characterized on CT scans, making them a superior imaging modality for high-risk patients.