A Swedish cohort study found that breast density, microcalcifications, and masses have a significant genetic component, with heritability estimates of 58%, 23%, and 13% respectively. The study also identified positive associations between these traits and genetic predisposition to breast cancer.
In a phase I study, fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki (Enhertu) demonstrated clinical activity in patients with non-breast/non-gastric cancer types with HER2 overexpression or mutation. The overall objective response rate was 28.3 percent, with greatest response rates for NSCLC and HER2-mutant NSCLC.
Researchers used AI to predict tumor sensitivity to three systemic cancer therapies in patients with advanced NSCLC. The models achieved an AUC of 0.77, 0.67, and 0.82 for nivolumab, docetaxel, and gefitinib, respectively.
A new study found that the protein peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) promotes breast cancer metastasis in mice when expressed in cancer cells. PAD4 enables immune cells to trap bacteria, but its role in breast cancer has been unclear.
A study published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention found that young women with breast cancer experience substantial financial difficulties after diagnosis, even if they have stable jobs and insurance coverage. The study highlights the need for better financial planning and awareness of the costs associated with cancer care.
Dr. John E. Dick has been honored with the 2020 Pezcoller-AACR Award for his discovery of leukemic stem cells and development of a hematopoietic xenograft assay. This work has provided crucial insights into leukemia progression and potential therapeutic targets.
A study published in Blood Cancer Discovery found that deleting one copy of the miR15a/miR16-1 gene cluster accelerated the development of multiple myeloma in mice, while also enhancing disease aggressiveness. The researchers also analyzed a genetic dataset of multiple myeloma patients and found similar associations.
Researchers identified a potential new indication for anti-EGFR treatment in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and specific BRAF mutations. Class 3 BRAF mutations showed enhanced response rates compared to class 2 mutations, offering hope for personalized oncology.
A new liquid biopsy test can detect microsatellite instability (MSI) and tumor mutational burden (TMB), indicating which patients are likely to benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors. The test produced a specificity of greater than 99% and sensitivity of 78% for MSI, and 67% for TMB.
A liquid biopsy assay demonstrated high accuracy in detecting microsatellite instability (MSI) status in cancer patients, with an overall accuracy of 98.4%. The study showed that the assay could identify MSI-high tumors and predict clinical outcomes, offering potential benefits for personalized treatment planning.
A new study has found that psychological stress was associated with a higher risk of cancer-specific mortality in women diagnosed with cervical cancer. Patients who experienced stress-related disorders or stressful life events were 33% more likely to die from the disease compared to those who did not report stress.
A new risk prediction model using clinical and radiological features can stratify individuals with lung nodules as having high or low risk of developing lung cancer. The model, which combines variables such as age, smoking history, and nodule characteristics, showed a sensitivity and specificity of 73% and 81%, respectively.
Inflammatory and immune-regulatory mechanisms were altered in animal models and prostate cancer tumor samples of WTC responders. These findings suggest that exposure to World Trade Center dust may contribute to chronic inflammation, which can drive prostate cancer progression.
Research analyzed rates of brain metastases in elderly patients with breast cancer, lung cancer, and melanoma. The study found that these cancers carry a significant risk of developing brain metastases later in life, with varying rates among primary cancer types.
A large study found that quitting cigarette smoking is associated with a reduced risk of bladder cancer in postmenopausal women. The risk continued to decrease after 10 years of quitting, but even after 30 or more years, risk remained higher for those who had smoked than never-smokers.
In a mouse model of unresectable pancreatic cancer, administration of the EGLN inhibitor FG-4592 prior to ablative radiotherapy provided protection against fatal gastrointestinal bleeding and improved survival. The study found that FG-4592 effectively mimicked hypoxia in normal tissues, protecting them from radiation damage.
A recent study published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention found that the prevalence of physician-patient discussions about lung cancer screening is very low and declining. In 2017, only 4.3% of the general population discussed lung cancer screening with their doctor, compared to 8.7% among current smokers in 2012.
Researchers identified six factors associated with increased risk of invasive breast cancer recurrence after ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) diagnosis. These factors include African-American race, premenopausal status, and high histological grade. The study's findings aim to reduce overtreatment of low-risk DCIS cases.
A deep-learning model developed using serial image scans of tumors from patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) predicted treatment response and survival outcomes better than standard clinical parameters. The model's performance improved with the addition of each follow-up scan, predicting two-year survival with an accuracy of...
A phase I clinical trial combining telomelysin and radiotherapy achieved an impressive 85% overall response rate (ORR) and complete tumor eradication in most patients. The therapy was safe and effective, even for elderly patients with health complications.
A subgroup of patients with advanced BRCA- or PALB2-mutated pancreatic cancer showed sustained clinical responses to rucaparib, a PARP inhibitor. The treatment provided complete or partial responses and reduced tumor size in some instances.
A recent study found that adults at high risk of HIV infection have significantly lower rates of HPV vaccination, with only 3.39% fully vaccinated among those with high-risk behaviors. The lowest vaccination rates were seen in non-Hispanic black respondents and LGBTQ+ individuals.
A common genetic variant on the 5p15.33 locus is associated with a high risk of stroke in childhood cancer survivors who received cranial radiation therapy (CRT). The study found that survivors who carried this variant had nearly three times the risk of developing stroke compared to those without it.
A retrospective cohort study found that surgery was associated with a 44% increased chance of survival for women with HER2+ stage 4 breast cancer, especially those with Medicare or private insurance. The study also revealed disparities in healthcare access and outcomes due to race and socioeconomic factors.
Global prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates are decreasing or stabilizing, with the US experiencing a significant decline. The study highlights improvements in detection practices and treatment, but notes that PSA screening may contribute to diagnosis at later stages and higher mortality rates.
A preclinical study has shown that a cancer preventive vaccine may be effective in preventing cancers associated with Lynch syndrome. The vaccine was found to reduce intestinal tumor burden and improve survival in mice with the genetic mutation, suggesting potential as a treatment option.
A combination of HDAC inhibitor entinostat and pembrolizumab showed clinical responses in patients with melanoma that had progressed on prior anti-PD-1 treatment. The study suggests that adding HDAC inhibition to anti-PD-1 therapy may increase the efficacy of immunotherapy by modulating the immune system.
Early results from the UNITY-NHL phase II clinical trial show umbralisib to be highly active against relapsed/refractory marginal zone lymphoma, with a 55% partial or complete response rate and 71% progression-free survival at 12 months.
A phase I clinical trial and FDA expanded access program show LOXO-195, a next-generation TRK inhibitor, is safe and effective in patients with NTRK gene fusions resistant to first-generation TRK inhibitors. The study found that LOXO-195 induced responses in patients whose tumors had acquired specific mutations.
The anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody pembrolizumab showed promising antitumor activity with durable responses in patients with pretreated, advanced small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The study found an objective response rate of 19.3% and a median progression-free survival of 2 months.
A phase III clinical trial found gilteritinib superior to standard chemotherapy in improving overall survival for patients with relapsed or refractory AML harboring a FLT3 mutation. Gilteritinib's relatively low toxicity enables outpatient management, shifting the treatment paradigm.
A combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab demonstrated clinical benefit among patients with high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma in a phase II clinical trial. The therapy showed an overall response rate of 24% and improved progression-free survival, offering new hope for this patient population.
A study found that excess body weight before age 50 is strongly associated with an increased risk of dying from pancreatic cancer. The research, which analyzed data from over 963,000 adults, suggests that excess weight measured earlier in adulthood may be more closely linked to pancreatic cancer risk than previously thought.
A mesothelin-targeted CAR T-cell therapy demonstrated antitumor activity and acceptable toxicity in a phase I clinical trial for patients with malignant pleural disease. The therapy showed significant tumor regression and reduced mesothelin-related peptide levels in the blood.
Adding savolitinib to osimertinib yields clinical responses in patients with EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer and MET-driven acquired resistance. The combination therapy demonstrates efficacy in a patient population for whom chemotherapy is the current primary treatment option.
A phase I clinical trial found that a combination of chemotherapy and HER2-targeted CAR T cells is safe and effective in treating advanced sarcoma, with some patients experiencing complete responses. The therapy showed promising antitumor activity and minimal treatment-related toxicities.
Researchers analyzed cervical precancers over seven years and found a 21% decline in CIN2+ cases attributed to HPV16/18. The proportion of these cases declined among vaccinated women, suggesting the vaccine's effectiveness in preventing cervical disease.
Treatment with oxybutynin significantly decreased the frequency and intensity of hot flashes in breast cancer survivors, improving their quality of life. The study found that patients on both oxybutynin doses experienced significant reductions in hot flash symptoms and improvements in overall quality of life.
Women who underwent supervised exercise during adjuvant breast cancer treatment experienced better cardiovascular function than those who didn't. The study found that exercise improved VO2 max and reduced decline in cardiovascular strength, particularly in patients receiving chemotherapy.
Breast cancer survivors who participated in a lifestyle intervention program lost weight and had higher disease-free survival rates compared to those who received general recommendations. The study found that completion of the program was associated with a 35% higher rate of disease-free survival.
A study found that younger breast cancer patients who underwent mastectomy reported lower breast satisfaction and poorer psychosocial and sexual well-being compared to those who had breast-conserving surgery. The researchers also found similar physical function across all groups.
A large clinical trial found that black women with hormone-receptor positive breast cancer had a higher risk of recurrence and death compared to white women, even when treated equally. The study suggests biological differences may contribute to the disparity in outcomes.
Advanced breast cancer patients with detectable PIK3CA mutations in their blood show improved progression-free survival when treated with alpelisib added to fulvestrant. Liquid biopsy analysis reveals a 45% risk reduction compared to tissue biopsy.
A randomized trial found that low-dose tamoxifen (5 mg/day) halved the risk of disease recurrence and new disease in women with DCIS, LCIS, and ADH. Treatment was well-tolerated without significant adverse events.
The study found that accelerated partial breast irradiation (PBI) was not statistically superior to whole breast irradiation (WBI) in preventing ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence. However, PBI showed promise as a less burdensome treatment option for some women, with smaller differences in relapse-free interval and grade 3 toxicity.
A phase III trial found that using circulating tumor cell count to guide treatment choice can lead to a significant gain in overall survival. Patients with estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer who received chemotherapy based on high CTC counts had better progression-free and overall survival rates.
Patients with early-stage breast cancer who had a positive sentinel lymph node biopsy showed comparable 10-year recurrence and survival rates following axillary radiotherapy or axillary lymph node dissection. The study also found that axillary radiotherapy was associated with significantly less lymphedema, a common side effect of surgery.
A recent study found that adding adjuvant capecitabine to standard treatment did not significantly improve disease-free or overall survival for patients with early-stage triple-negative breast cancer. However, a subset of patients with nonbasal-like disease showed a significant benefit from capecitabine.
A retrospective study found that patients with triple-negative breast cancer who delayed starting adjuvant chemotherapy had a significantly higher risk of disease recurrence and death. The study suggests that initiating chemotherapy within 30 days after surgery is crucial for improving disease-free and overall survival rates.
Pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was associated with lower recurrence risk and higher overall survival in breast cancer patients. The association between pCR and outcomes was similar among those who received additional adjuvant chemotherapy versus those who did not.