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WashU Medicine


Scientists unravel mechanisms in chronic itching

Researchers at WashU Medicine found that chronic itching incorporates more neurons than normal itch signals and co-opts pain neurons to intensify the sensation. This discovery may lead to more effective treatments targeting activity in both pain and itch neurons.

SourceWashU Medicine·JournalJournal of Clinical Investigation·DateOct 15, 2013

Alzheimer's progression tracked prior to dementia

Scientists validate a proposed system for detecting preclinical Alzheimer's disease in cognitively normal elderly individuals, finding that it is common and associated with future mental decline and mortality. The new findings offer reason for encouragement, showing that the system can predict which individuals will develop symptoms of...

SourceWashU Medicine·JournalThe Lancet Neurology·DateSep 23, 2013

Trial to test prevention of Alzheimer's has begun

A new clinical trial has launched, aiming to prevent Alzheimer's disease by giving new drug treatments before dementia symptoms appear. The trial, led by principal investigator Randall Bateman, is testing two innovative treatments and has been made possible through a unique collaboration of private and public resources.

Aging really is 'in your head'

Researchers have identified a mechanism by which Sirt1 promotes neural activity in the brain, leading to significant delays in aging and increases in longevity. The study found that mice with increased Sirt1 expression in their brains exhibited dramatic physical changes, including improved muscle structure and vigor.

SourceWashU Medicine·JournalCell Metabolism·DateSep 3, 2013

School-age drinking increases breast cancer risk

Research from Washington University School of Medicine links increased breast cancer risk to drinking between early adolescence and first full-term pregnancy. Drinking daily can increase risk by 13% if averaged during this period, according to the study.

SourceWashU Medicine·JournalJNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute·DateAug 28, 2013

Receptor may aid spread of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's in brain

Researchers at WashU Medicine found that corrupted proteins spread in the brain through a specific type of receptor called heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Blocking this receptor may aid treatment of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, potentially unifying understanding and treatment of multiple neurodegenerative conditions.

SourceWashU Medicine·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateAug 22, 2013

Alcohol abuse, eating disorders share genetic link

Researchers found common genetic factors underlying alcoholism and certain eating-disorder symptoms, including binge eating and purging habits. The study included nearly 6,000 adult twins and suggests that some genes influencing alcohol dependence also influence binge eating in men and women.

SourceWashU Medicine·JournalJournal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs·DateAug 21, 2013

Brain network decay detected in early Alzheimer's

A study published in JAMA Neurology reveals that disruptions in brain networks emerge simultaneously with chemical markers of early Alzheimer's disease. The research provides an effective and less invasive way to detect early disease, potentially improving treatment outcomes.

SourceWashU Medicine·JournalJAMA Neurology·DateAug 19, 2013

Brain differences seen in depressed preschoolers

A key brain structure that regulates emotions works differently in depressed preschoolers compared to their healthy peers, according to new research. The findings suggest the children's brains may be experiencing an exaggeration of a normal developmental response to emotions.

SourceWashU Medicine·JournalJournal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry·DateJul 1, 2013

Laughing gas does not increase heart attacks

Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine found no link between nitrous oxide anesthesia and increased risk of heart attack. Despite concerns about the impact on homocysteine levels, the study showed that B vitamins did not influence heart attack risk in surgery patients.

SourceWashU Medicine·JournalAnesthesiology·DateJun 19, 2013

Major hurdle cleared to diabetes transplants

Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine have identified a way to trigger the reproduction of human insulin-producing beta cells in a laboratory setting, potentially removing a significant obstacle to transplanting these cells as a treatment for patients with type 1 diabetes. This new technique uses a cell conditioning s...

SourceWashU Medicine·JournalPLOS ONE·DateJun 13, 2013

Alzheimer's brain change measured in humans

Researchers found that people with inherited Alzheimer's disease produce 20% more of a specific form of amyloid beta, known as amyloid beta 42. Additionally, the protein drops out of cerebrospinal fluid more quickly in mutation carriers, suggesting a link to brain amyloid plaques.

SourceWashU Medicine·JournalScience Translational Medicine·DateJun 12, 2013

Tumors disable immune cells by using up sugar

Researchers found that cancer cells' high sugar consumption disables immune cells' ability to produce inflammatory compounds, making it harder for them to fight tumors. This discovery may lead to new treatments by enhancing T cell function and treating autoimmune disorders.

SourceWashU Medicine·JournalCell·DateJun 6, 2013

Pretesting cervical tumors could inform treatment

Doctors at WashU Medicine have shown that testing cervical tumors before treatment can predict whether patients will do well with standard chemotherapy. The study supports personalized medicine for cervical cancer, a tumor normally treated with a one-size-fits-all approach.

SourceWashU Medicine·JournalGynecologic Oncology·DateMay 31, 2013

Alzheimer's markers predict start of mental decline

Researchers have identified biomarkers that can predict cognitive impairment up to 7.5 years before symptoms develop, with sex, age, and race also playing a role in the prediction. The findings provide valuable evidence for the development of new treatments targeting Alzheimer's disease before symptoms appear.

SourceWashU Medicine·JournalNeurology·DateMay 14, 2013

Nerve stimulation for severe depression changes brain function

Researchers found that vagus nerve stimulation brings about changes in brain metabolism weeks or months before patients begin to feel better. The treatment was able to improve symptoms of depression in 9 out of 13 participants, with significant changes in brain metabolism occurring far in advance of any improvement in mood.

SourceWashU Medicine·JournalBrain Stimulation·DateMay 7, 2013

New perspective needed for role of major Alzheimer's gene

Scientists have reevaluated the role of the APOE gene in Alzheimer's disease, finding minimal interaction between APOE and amyloid beta in cerebrospinal fluid. This suggests a need to rethink therapeutic strategies targeting APOE, as current approaches may not be effective.

SourceWashU Medicine·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateMay 6, 2013

Discovery helps show how breast cancer spreads

Researchers have discovered that breast cancer patients with dense breasts are more likely to develop aggressive tumors. A protein called DDR2 plays a key role in this process, facilitating the spread of cancer cells by activating a multistep pathway.

SourceWashU Medicine·JournalNature Cell Biology·DateMay 5, 2013

Unusual comparison nets new sleep loss marker

Scientists have identified a human gene, ITGA5, that becomes more active after sleep deprivation, offering a potential new marker for detecting sleep loss. The discovery was made through cross-translational research with fruit flies, which allowed the researchers to identify genes in humans and then test them in flies.

SourceWashU Medicine·JournalPLOS ONE·DateMay 3, 2013

Genomics to reshape endometrial cancer treatment

A new study found that adding genomics-based testing to the standard diagnostic workup could lead to a change in recommended treatment for some women. The research identified four novel genomic-based subtypes of endometrial cancer, which suggest that genetic changes can help guide treatment decisions.

SourceWashU Medicine·JournalNature·DateMay 1, 2013

ALS trial shows novel therapy is safe

A new treatment for inherited ALS has passed an early clinical trial with no serious side effects, successfully introducing the drug into the central nervous system. The phase 1 trial suggests the approach may be effective against other mutated genes causing central nervous system disorders.

SourceWashU Medicine·JournalThe Lancet Neurology·DateApr 23, 2013

Bacteria may contribute to premature births, STDs

Research at Washington University School of Medicine suggests that Gardnerella vaginalis bacteria is likely the cause of bacterial vaginosis, a condition linked to preterm birth and increased risk of sexually transmitted diseases. The condition affects one in every three women and often does not cause significant symptoms.

SourceWashU Medicine·JournalPLOS ONE·DateApr 22, 2013

Fish prone to melanoma get DNA decoded

Researchers have decoded the platyfish genome, revealing insights into cancer development and complex behaviors. The study found altered genes involved in live-bearing birth and unique molecular changes, shedding light on the evolution of these traits.

SourceWashU Medicine·JournalNature Genetics·DateApr 15, 2013

Moving cells with light holds medical promise

Researchers at WashU Medicine successfully manipulate immune cells using light to move them towards a beam of light, holding potential for controlling insulin secretion or heart rate. The study uses genetic engineering techniques to introduce a light-sensitive protein into immune cells, enabling them to sense and respond to light signals.

SourceWashU Medicine·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateApr 8, 2013

Painted turtle gets DNA decoded

The study reveals that turtles activate existing genes in new ways to adapt to oxygen deprivation, which may lead to improved treatments for human heart conditions. The research also highlights the importance of preserving turtle diversity due to their slow evolution rate and declining global populations.

SourceWashU Medicine·JournalGenome Biology·DateApr 3, 2013

Sleep loss precedes Alzheimer's symptoms

Researchers found that participants with preclinical Alzheimer's disease had poorer sleep efficiency and spent less time asleep than those without markers of the disease. Early evidence suggests a possible connection between sleep loss and brain plaques, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease.

SourceWashU Medicine·JournalJAMA Neurology·DateMar 11, 2013

Nanoparticles loaded with bee venom kill HIV

Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine have developed nanoparticles carrying melittin, a toxin found in bee venom, that can destroy human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) while leaving surrounding cells unharmed. This finding offers an important step towards developing a vaginal gel that may prevent the spread of HIV.

SourceWashU Medicine·JournalAntiviral Therapy·DateMar 7, 2013

Some brain cells are better virus fighters

Research reveals that certain brain cells are better equipped to fight off viral infections due to their unique immune defense mechanisms. The study found that granule cell neurons, which rarely become infected, have different gene profiles compared to cortical neurons, making them more resistant to infection.

SourceWashU Medicine·JournalNature Medicine·DateMar 6, 2013

New clues to causes of peripheral nerve damage

Researchers discovered that crippled mitochondria in Schwann cells lead to a toxic substance build-up, causing nerve damage and symptoms like numbness and pain. This finding may lead to new therapeutic strategies to treat peripheral neuropathies, including drugs that block toxin buildup.

SourceWashU Medicine·JournalNeuron·DateMar 6, 2013