Articles tagged with Risk Assessment
Researchers developed ERTool, an open-source Python package, to simplify the Evidential Reasoning (ER) approach for multi-source evidence fusion. The tool automates complex algorithms, enabling researchers and professionals to integrate multi-source data for evidence-based decision-making.
The University of Birmingham and DEFRA's Hazardous Substances Advisory Committee have published new recommendations for improving chemical testing. The report suggests that the UK can adopt a risk-based approach to regulation, using New Approach Methodologies (NAMs), to reduce animal testing and improve safety assessments.
A comprehensive analysis of 52,000 men with prostate cancer treatment found substantial long-term risks of urinary and sexual complications. Men treated with radiotherapy faced a threefold risk of bladder cancer diagnosis, while those who underwent prostatectomy had a sixfold increased risk of complications.
Dr. James Walker has received the Distinguished Scientist Award for his significant contributions to hypervelocity impact science and penetration modeling. His research applications include body armor, ground vehicle armor, and shielding against orbital debris.
The International Osteoporosis Foundation's Capture the Fracture campaign highlights top-performing Fracture Liaison Services that deliver gold-standard care. These services prioritize continuous care, tailored treatment plans, and teamwork to reduce secondary fractures and improve patient outcomes.
Researchers analyzed data from 26 countries, revealing that Mondays have the highest suicide risk, while New Year's Day increases risk across all nations. Men are also more vulnerable to day-of-the-week and holiday-related variations in suicide risk.
A new clinical guideline from the American Stroke Association outlines strategies to support brain health and prevent stroke throughout a person's lifespan. The guideline recommends regular health screenings, identifying risk factors, lifestyle interventions, and medications to reduce the risk of a first stroke.
Researchers created a modeling tool to design more robust marine hydrokinetic technologies and inform risk assessments for financing and permitting. The tool estimates the fragility curve of devices, helping developers create mooring systems that can withstand extreme weather conditions.
Researchers created a Comorbid Operative Risk Evaluation (CORE) score to better predict post-surgery mortality. The model accounts for pre-existing chronic illnesses and aims to improve analysis of surgical outcomes using large databases.
Researchers have developed an AI technology that can analyze mammary tissue biopsies to identify signs of damaged cells, a key indicator of breast cancer risk. The study found the AI was far better at predicting risk than current clinical benchmarks, offering improved treatment options for women.
Researchers compared epigenetic changes across the genome in young adults who vaped, smoked or did not use nicotine products, finding a tumor-suppressor gene among the key findings. The study found substantial overlap in DNA methylation patterns between people who vaped versus those who smoked.
Parents who practice proper firearm handling and teach their children to shoot are more likely to store firearms unlocked and loaded, highlighting a potential association between responsible behavior and decreased risk of injury. This study underscores the importance of secure storage practices in reducing firearm-related risks.
A new study reveals that risks to global water security are significantly higher when considering the environmental conditions and governability of areas where moisture evaporates before falling as rain. This approach identifies regions with high water scarcity risk, including those dependent on neighboring countries for upwind moisture.
Experts propose a series of scientific principles and experimental approaches to assess potential carcinogenicity of gene therapies. Data transparency is crucial, with publicly accessible data from viral integrations site studies and clinical settings.
Researchers used genetic method Mendelian randomization to show high levels of fasting insulin cause reduction in Lp(a), rather than the other way around. Low Lp(a) is unlikely to be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, independent of pre-existing hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance.
A new prediction by Nicolas Loiseau and colleagues reveals that 12.7% of marine teleost fish species are at risk of extinction, up from the IUCN's prior estimate of 2.5%. The study analyzed nearly 5,000 species without an IUCN conservation status due to insufficient data.
A WVU statistician is developing new methods to analyze curve-type data for predicting extreme weather patterns, financial turmoil and pollution levels. The research aims to create innovative tools for understanding high-resolution data and addressing regional risks in mountainous states like West Virginia.
A recent study analyzing electronic medical records found obese individuals have a 34% increased odds of SARS-CoV-2 positivity. The research highlights obesity as a significant transmission risk factor for the virus among exposed individuals, regardless of age or sex.
A new study estimates that 1 in 7 Medicare beneficiaries with elevated body mass index (BMI) may qualify for semaglutide, a popular weight loss medication. The study found that maximum annual costs to Medicare could exceed $10 billion if different definitions of cardiovascular risk are considered.
A new study published in the Stroke journal found that people with brain aneurysms are at higher risk of developing mental health conditions, including anxiety. The study, which analyzed data from over 85,000 people, found that younger adults were particularly vulnerable to this increased risk.
A study found that counties with higher levels of structural racism had a 7.8-times higher estimated risk of developing cancer from traffic-related air pollutants, emphasizing the need for policies to address racial inequalities in exposure to carcinogenic traffic pollution.
A nationwide study by Nanyang Technological University found that individuals who recovered from dengue are at a 55% higher risk of long-term health complications, including heart problems and cognitive disorders. This is compared to those who recovered from COVID-19.
A school-based citizen science program collects well water samples for analysis, revealing alarming levels of arsenic in private water sources. The initiative boosts awareness and drives action to protect public health, leading to increased testing rates and policy changes.
A new risk prediction scale specifically for American Indian adults found elevated heart failure rates compared to other population groups. The analysis identified Type 2 diabetes status, kidney damage, and high blood pressure as major modifiable determinants of developing heart failure over 5-10 years.
A recent study published in the Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports found that reduced body flexibility is associated with poor survival in middle-aged men and women. After analyzing data from 3,139 participants, researchers discovered an inverse relationship between Flexindex scores and mortality risk.
Researchers at the University of Gothenburg found that hearts stored in a 'heart-in-a-box' method experienced lower rates of heart failure and severe organ failure after transplantation. This breakthrough method uses hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion to keep the heart oxygenated and functioning better.
A new study by Korea University College of Medicine shows that direct-acting antivirals significantly reduce liver-related clinical outcomes and lower the risk of disease progression to cancer or cirrhosis, increasing life expectancy for patients with Hepatitis C. The treatment approach has a high effectiveness rate of 90%.
A new study by Northwestern University found that PrEP users frequently perceive others using the medication as promiscuous, despite knowing those who use it. The authors suggest sex-positive messaging to address this stigma and encourage a broader understanding of PrEP's benefits among vulnerable populations.
Stroke survivors experience a range of psychosocial symptoms, including depression, anxiety, stress, fatigue, and decreased quality of life. Nurses can help identify and manage these conditions through education, therapy, and evidence-based interventions.
A mathematical framework reveals how the unobservable nature of effort and risk shapes research strategies and incentive structures. Scientists opt for safer projects that generate evidence of effort but hinder scientific progress.
Researchers analyzed national Medicaid data to identify perinatal and postpartum outcomes among people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Autistic pregnant people had significantly higher probability of postpartum anxiety and postpartum depression compared to other groups.
A new Cleveland Clinic study reveals that diet-derived molecules called metabolites are the main drivers of young-onset colorectal cancer risk, particularly those associated with red and processed meat. The research suggests that addressing diet with doctors can help prevent colon cancer in younger adults.
A new study found that job strain and effort-reward imbalance at work increase the risk of developing atrial fibrillation, an abnormal heart rhythm. The research suggests that recognizing and addressing psychosocial stressors at work can foster healthy environments.
A nationwide children's hospital implemented an automated Caring Contacts texting system to provide ongoing care and support to youth at risk for suicide. The intervention helped patients feel hopeful and supported, with 83% reporting feeling moderately to very hopeful and 88% feeling moderately to very supported.
The State of Wildfires report found that carbon emissions from wildfires globally were 16% above average, with Canada and Amazonia experiencing unusually high numbers of fires. Climate change increased the likelihood of extreme wildfires in these regions by at least three times and up to six times.
A recent study published in Radiology found that solid lung nodules were present in approximately 42% of non-smoking adults, with prevalence increasing with age. The study suggests that current nodule follow-up guidelines may lead to unnecessary follow-up examinations for low-risk individuals.
Researchers found that a simplified two-question test can predict smoking abstinence in cancer patients with equal accuracy as the full Fagerström Test. However, the test may not work well for Non-Hispanic Black people with a cancer diagnosis. The study aims to help doctors tailor tests for different groups.
A new heart MRI technique accurately estimates pressures inside the heart to predict heart failure risk in a general population. Key risk factors identified include age over 70, high blood pressure, obesity, alcohol consumption, and male gender.
The researchers argue that accurate assessment of driving skills in older adults is crucial to mitigate harm and improve safety on the road. Comprehensive driving evaluations are estimated to cost $500-$800, a significant expense that may deter those who need it most.
A new study found significant improvements in aerobic fitness after 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training sessions compared to traditional, moderate exercise. Researchers suggest this time-efficient approach can be safely and effectively implemented in clinical practice for stroke survivors.
A recent study published by Florida Atlantic University found that occasional alcohol use increases the odds of intracranial hemorrhage by double when compared to those who do not drink. Daily alcohol consumption is associated with a 150% increased risk of brain bleeds from falls.
A new MIT study analyzes airline safety trends over the past few decades and finds that commercial flight has become roughly twice as safe each decade since the 1960s. The study estimates that passengers are about 39 times safer than they were in the 1968-1977 period, with a 1 in 13.7 million risk of fatality per boarding.
A new study by the Cleveland Clinic found that consuming foods with erythritol increases the risk of cardiovascular events such as heart attack and stroke. The artificial sweetener makes platelets more active, which can raise blood clot risks. This research adds to evidence that erythritol may not be as safe as previously thought.
The American College of Cardiology has released a new guidance on managing patients hospitalized for heart failure, recommending tailored therapy based on clinical trajectory. The updated Expert Consensus Decision Pathway aims to improve disease management and reduce mortality.
Research reveals that drought increases nitrate concentrations in drinking water served by majority Latino/a community water systems, exacerbating existing disparities. Arsenic levels also show variability under drought conditions.
A new study found that adding a ninth psychological health metric to Life's Essential 8 strongly predicts all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. The enhanced score showed up to 70% lower mortality risk compared to the original eight metrics.
The impacts of natural disasters on plant health can be devastating, with the potential for direct effects from disasters like pathogen or vector dispersal. Human-driven disasters also create conditions favorable to the spread of plant pathogens, leading to crop loss and disease spread.
Discrepancies in e-cigarette products containing nicotine analogues may lead to uncertainty about user exposure, hindering risk assessment for clinical and regulatory purposes. The largely unknown acute and chronic inhalation hazards and addictive potential of nicotine analogues pose a significant concern.
Researchers analyzed data from 63,700 patients in five clinical trials to understand the impact of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) on heart disease. They found that patients with CHIP had a 30% higher risk of initial heart attacks but not recurrent events.
A study found that CT scans can identify individuals at high risk of type 2 diabetes through automated analysis of various body components. The index of visceral fat showed the highest predictive performance for diabetes.
A University of Michigan-led study found that higher levels of metals in blood and urine are associated with a greater risk for ALS and shorter survival. Occupational exposure to metals was also linked to increased metal levels, emphasizing the need for accounting for environmental factors when evaluating overall exposure risk.
A team of UK doctors report treating the first 8 cases of artificial stone silicosis, a severe form of lung disease caused by silica exposure. The authors call for a ban on artificial stone kitchen worktops and improved workplace safety regulations to prevent further cases.
Research finds that a quartet of factors contributes to the 18-year US lifespan gap, with individual risks rising in tandem with more factors. A simple scoring system helps identify those at risk of early death.
Researchers have identified nearly 300 common and over 20 rare genetic variants as significant risk factors for schizophrenia. The study emphasizes the role of multiple genes rather than single-gene causation, revealing complexity in the mechanisms underlying the disorder.
A qualitative study highlights the dangers of unregulated online semaglutide sales, with vendors shipping falsified products. The US has seen a 1500% increase in semaglutide-related calls to poison centers, underscoring the need for enhanced pharmacovigilance.
A study published in JAMA Oncology found that regular aspirin use significantly lowers the risk of colorectal cancer in individuals with higher lifestyle-related risk factors. The benefits were most pronounced among those with unhealthiest lifestyles, where treating 78 patients with aspirin would prevent one case of colorectal cancer o...
A new AI-powered predictive model can generate comprehensive soil liquefaction risk maps, enabling urban planners and engineers to visualize high-risk areas and make informed decisions. The model achieved high accuracy in predicting soil classifications and N-values, validating its effectiveness in enhancing urban resilience.
Researchers developed a formula and assessment tool to calculate fall risks for older adults, considering factors like poor oral and cognitive function. The tool is simple to use and may assist in prevention and follow-up care.
A new analysis found that people hospitalized for heart disease, stroke, or cardiovascular diseases are 83% more likely to be diagnosed with anxiety, depression, or other psychiatric conditions within the first year after hospitalization. Early mental health screening and intervention are crucial for patients and their loved ones.
Researchers at MedUni Vienna have identified AF1Q as a promising biomarker to predict gastric cancer recurrence risk. The study found that 97.8% of tumour samples had elevated AF1Q levels, associated with higher recurrence risk and lower survival chances.