Articles tagged with Analgesics
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers found that St. John's wort and Echinacea can alter the metabolic capacity of enzymes that process medications, potentially leading to reduced therapeutic efficacy. This interaction is particularly concerning for commonly used pharmaceuticals like oral contraceptives and antihistamines.
A new study reveals that regular use of COX-2 inhibitors, such as celecoxib and rofecoxib, significantly reduces the risk of breast cancer. Women who used these drugs for at least two years experienced a 71% lower risk of breast cancer compared to non-users.
Researchers identified TRPA1 as a key pain receptor underlying the response to environmental irritants like tear gas and mustard oil. Mice lacking this receptor were found to be insensitive to pain caused by these compounds, offering new hope for developing effective pain medications.
A study presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting found that sodium hyaluronate reduced chronic pain in patients with osteoarthritis of the shoulder by nearly 50%. The results were comparable to a previous study that led to the approval of the drug for knee pain, and are being reviewed by the FDA.
Researchers found that low-dose aspirin prevents platelet clumping in both sexes, with women's platelets reacting more strongly to aspirin before treatment. The study suggests that further research is needed to determine who benefits from aspirin and under what circumstances it works.
The American Academy of Pain Medicine calls for a balance between treating legitimate pain and preventing misuse, with healthcare professionals at the forefront. Government initiatives have shifted regulatory authority from health agencies to law enforcement, leading to tension and imbalance in pain care.
Discontinuing Plavix in patients with recently-placed stents can lead to clot formation and serious complications. Patients should discuss benefits and risks of anti-clotting medication with their healthcare provider and avoid stopping the medication on their own.
The article discusses scientific fraud prevention and the growing concern of community-acquired MRSA infections. The key responsibilities for addressing misconduct can be shared among institutions, co-authors, and journal editors.
A new study suggests that aspirin is beneficial for preventing heart attacks and events in men at 5-10% coronary heart disease risk. The therapy also becomes cost-effective when combined with statins for high-risk patients.
A study found that less than half of residents with predictably recurrent pain were prescribed scheduled pain medication, highlighting the need for improved pain management practices. The use of evidence-based process measures is intended to address persistent problems in pain management and improve overall quality of life.
A study of 372 children found that ibuprofen and acetaminophen were ineffective in preventing local reactions to the DTaP vaccine, which can cause swelling and discomfort. The researchers suggest alternative approaches, such as using a lower antigen content vaccine, may be more effective in reducing reaction rates.
Research on hurricane Katrina victims reveals a correlation between self-reported pain, stress, and fear. The study also found that patients demonstrated resilience in coping with chronic pain after the disaster, focusing on survival rather than pain.
A randomized, double-blind study found that morphine and topical local anesthesia (tetracaine) combination reduced pain during catheter placement more effectively than either alone or no analgesia. Local anesthesia was found to be a weak analgesic.
Researchers at UIC found that trifluoperazine inhibits calmodulin, a molecule required for opioid activation, thereby blocking addiction. The study suggests that this antipsychotic drug could enable low-dose pain relief without dependence on opioids.
The study found that regular use of selective COX-2 inhibitors significantly reduced the risk of breast cancer. Daily doses of celecoxib (83% reduction) and rofecoxib (64% reduction) had a more significant impact on reducing the risk.
Researchers identified patient-population most-at-risk for secondary strokes based on five clinical factors: severe stenosis, recent symptoms, and female gender. Stenting and angioplasty in the brain may offer promising treatments for intracranial stenosis.
Researchers found no association between aspirin use and increased risk of recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage. However, the benefits of aspirin for certain patients with intracerebral hemorrhage are uncertain due to limited data.
Researchers followed 207 patients who survived intracerebral hemorrhage and found no increased risk of second hemorrhage among those taking antiplatelet therapy. The location of the original hemorrhage was associated with a higher risk of recurrence, particularly in the cerebral cortex.
A clinical trial found that epidural injections of steroids and local anaesthetics provided modest pain relief for shingles patients, but did not prevent chronic pain. The treatment was most effective during the first week after injection, but its effects were short-lived.
A sex-specific meta-analysis of aspirin therapy found that it reduced cardiovascular events by 12% in women and 14% in men. However, it increased the risk of major bleeding events in both sexes. The study suggests that aspirin should be considered for primary prevention in both men and women with preexisting cardiovascular disease.
A new meta-analysis of over 95,000 patients found that aspirin significantly reduces cardiovascular events in both men and women. However, the major reasons for this risk reduction differ between the sexes, with aspirin lowering the risk of heart attacks in men and stroke in women.
Researchers found that patients who consistently took aspirin had a 42% reduction in risk of death, while beta-blocker and lipid-lowering medicine users saw 37% and 48% reductions respectively. However, consistent use was low for these medications, with only 71% of aspirin users taking it regularly.
A study found that genetic differences account for approximately 30% of variability in response to COX-2 inhibitors, such as celecoxib and rofecoxib. This suggests a potential target for developing diagnostic methods to identify patients at increased risk of cardiovascular events.
Researchers at NIST discovered that acetaminophen, a widely used pain reliever, transforms into 11 new toxic compounds when exposed to chlorine disinfection in wastewater. The study highlights the need for environmental scientists to consider downstream reaction products when assessing pharmaceutical impacts on the environment.
Researchers discovered a connection between iNOS and COX-2 pathways, enabling the development of new anti-inflammatory agents. Drugs that block these bindings may reduce side effects of COX-2 inhibitors, offering a safer form of therapy.
Researchers found that sweet taste's analgesic efficacy is influenced by how much a child likes sweets and their weight status. In the study, sucrose preferences were determined for 198 children, with those who preferred higher levels of sweetness experiencing reduced pain when consuming sweet tastes.
Researchers have discovered a new drug that raises the level of endocannabinoids, providing measurable antidepressant effects. The study found similar results to commonly prescribed antidepressants, suggesting URB597 as a safer, non-addictive alternative for pain and depression treatment.
Pretreating rogue cancer cells with aspirin enhances their sensitivity to targeted therapy by inducing apoptosis via mitochondrial release of cytochrome c. This combination may improve treatment outcomes for cancers overexpressing the HER-2/neu gene.
Researchers explore rheumatic pain mechanisms, debunking common misconceptions. Comprehensive treatment approaches are discussed, including exercise, dietary supplements, and opioid analgesics.
A study published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society found that nursing home residents with moderate to severe dementia who received acetaminophen were more socially active than those who received a placebo. The medication increased their engagement with their environment, including watching TV and talking to themselves.
A study of over 662 US patients found that acetaminophen-related acute liver failure increased from 28% to 51% between 1998 and 2003. Unintentional overdoses, often due to combination medication use, led to more severe disease and worse outcomes.
A study of 4,975 patients found that short-term NSAID use does not increase the risk of heart attack. Long-term NSAID use, particularly for over a year, may slightly raise this risk. The findings also suggest individual NSAIDs have varying cardiovascular effects.
A survey found that nearly half of people with diabetes are not using aspirin as prescribed, despite its proven benefits in reducing heart attack and stroke risk. The study highlights the need for better communication between healthcare professionals and patients, particularly those with diabetes who are at higher risk.
A nationwide survey found that 54% of NSAID users were unaware of potential side effects, and 18% had previously experienced complications. The study emphasizes the need for patient and physician education to prevent unnecessary complications from painkiller misuse.
A meta-analysis of over 95,000 patients found that aspirin significantly reduces the risk of stroke in women, with a 17% reduction in ischemic stroke and a 24% reduction in hemorrhagic stroke. In contrast, aspirin has no protective effect in men and may even increase the risk of bleeding strokes.
The study found that taking aspirin reduced the risk of cardiovascular death and death from all causes in postmenopausal women with cardiovascular disease. Women taking 81mg or 325mg of aspirin showed a significant reduction in mortality rates, with no difference between the two doses.
A new analysis by Duke University Medical Center cardiologists found that low-dose aspirin (81 mg a day) significantly reduces death rates for postmenopausal women with heart disease, similar to higher dose aspirin (325 mg). Fewer than half of the 8,928 women in the study were taking any aspirin.
A Stanford study found that only 33% of high-risk patients received aspirin therapy in 2003, despite conclusive evidence of its benefits. Meanwhile, physicians are increasingly prioritizing pricey statins over aspirin due to heavy marketing.
A study of 173 children aged 2-16 years found that fentanyl patches improved subjective pain and quality of life. The patches were well-tolerated with no significant adverse effects compared to adults, making them a suitable option for managing chronic severe pain in pediatric patients.
Researchers found that only a third of high-risk patients were prescribed aspirin in 2003, despite its cost-effectiveness and recommended use for people with diabetes. The study suggests that physicians prioritize statins over aspirin due to advertising and preference.
High doses of COX-2 inhibitors and other NSAIDs are associated with a higher risk of death, according to the study. Patients taking high doses of celecoxib or rofecoxib were found to be at a strikingly higher risk of death compared to those not taking NSAIDs.
A new drug, clopidogrel, has been shown to significantly reduce deaths from heart attacks, with a 9% decrease in mortality rates compared to placebo. The treatment also resulted in a 14% reduction in repeat heart attacks during the study period, highlighting its potential to save thousands of lives each year.
A recent study found that even healthy people taking high doses of ibuprofen are at risk of internal bleeding, with blood loss ranging from 40mL to 299mL. The research highlights the need for caution when using ibuprofen, particularly in older adults and those with debilitating conditions.
Researchers found that patients taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and aspirin were more likely to experience serious gastrointestinal problems such as ulcers, perforations, or bleeding. The risk of GI problems was significantly increased when combining NSAIDs with aspirin.
The UK has seen a continued reduction in drug-related deaths, with 73% of all deaths occurring among those under 45. Opiate-related fatalities accounted for the majority (68%) of fatalities in 2004, despite a decrease in the number of deaths involving heroin/morphine.
A study found that anxiety, blood pressure readings and responses to a heat test before surgery can predict post-surgical pain severity and medication requirements. The researchers identified six groups of predictive factors accounting for 90% of the total variances in patients' pain levels.
A study of Norwegian medical students found that nearly 70% self-prescribed medication in their first year after graduation, a trend that continued into their fourth and ninth years. The most commonly self-prescribed medications were antibiotics, contraceptives, and analgesics.
A University of Michigan Health System study found that pharmacies in predominantly minority and low-income areas have lower availability of opioid analgesic pain medications. The gap is pronounced, with 86.9% of white ZIP code pharmacies carrying sufficient supplies compared to 54.2% in minority ZIP codes.
Researchers at the University of Virginia Health System have identified a new type of pain-sensing neuron in rats, which may serve as a target for future therapies to treat neuropathic pain. The T-type calcium channels in these cells may act as a volume control for pain impulses.
A study by Rice University researchers found that salicylate causes membranes to thin, soften, and rupture more easily, increasing the risk of hearing loss. The findings provide a mechanistic basis for the debilitating side effects of anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin and ibuprofen.
Researchers found that women who labored between noon and 6 p.m. received an average of 27 percent longer pain relief from a single dose of spinal-epidural medication fentanyl compared to those who labored between 8 p.m. and 2 a.m.
A large analysis of Medicare records suggests that aspirin is not harmful and may even lower mortality rates in patients with heart failure and coronary artery disease. However, the debate remains controversial, with some experts recommending limiting or avoiding aspirin use for these patients.
Researchers found abatacept to be effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis, improving at least 20% of patients' condition compared to placebo. The drug reduces immune system attack on joints, providing significant pain relief and improving functionality.
Researchers found that a decline in prostacyclin led to cardiac complications, including hypertension and heart scarring, in mice prone to high blood pressure. Aspirin may protect against this damage by blocking unrestrained thromboxane actions.
A new study found that mice with high blood pressure are more susceptible to cardiac complications when taking painkillers due to a chemical imbalance between prostacyclin and thromboxane. This imbalance can lead to hypertension, enlarged hearts, and severe scarring of the heart.
The ACTIVE trial program was designed to evaluate the use of clopidogrel plus aspirin in patients with atrial fibrillation. After an interim analysis, it was recommended to discontinue the ACTIVE W trial but continue the ACTIVE A and I trials.
The ELISA II trial found that triple antiplatelet (AP) therapy reduced enzymatic infarct size and improved epicardial coronary artery flow in patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE ACS). Triple AP therapy also showed a trend towards better event-free survival at 96 hours and 30 days after randomization.
A Dutch study found that end-of-life decisions for children are common, involving medical professionals and families. The study's findings emphasize the need for clear communication about end-of-life care for minors.
Scientists at Monell Chemical Senses Center discovered a natural anti-inflammatory compound, oleocanthal, in olive oil. Oleocanthal inhibits COX enzymes, sharing similar action as ibuprofen, and may play a causal role in health benefits associated with Mediterranean diet.
Researchers found that IP 751 significantly suppressed bladder overactivity without affecting contractility, offering a new option for IC treatment. The study's results are promising for patients with interstitial cystitis, a chronic pelvic pain disorder affecting millions of Americans.