Articles tagged with Antidepressants
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The NIH State-of-the-Science panel recommends a broader use of cognitive and behavioral therapies to treat chronic insomnia, which has limited proven options. Research suggests that these methods can be effective in treating insomnia when combined with relaxation training.
Researchers found limited evidence to support the effectiveness of 10 commonly prescribed medications for insomnia, including trazodone, which is often used as a first-line treatment.
Newborns exposed to antidepressants in late pregnancy had a significantly increased risk of respiratory complications and special-care nursery admission. Strategies for managing maternal depression during pregnancy include gradual tapering and cessation of medication, but more research is needed.
Exposure and response prevention therapy is shown to be effective in reducing OCD symptoms in children, with benefits lasting after treatment ends. Medication therapy also reduces symptoms but does not provide a cure for the disorder.
Researchers found that both medication (nefazodone) and psychotherapy (CBASP) are effective in treating chronic depression even when the initial treatment fails. The study showed that switching between these two treatments resulted in improved symptoms for many patients, suggesting a strong basis for adjusting treatment plans.
Researchers found that actor-patients' requests for medications increased prescribing for depression. The study suggests that direct-to-consumer marketing can boost familiarity with potential treatments and improve initial care for patients.
A randomized trial found that patients' requests for medication, influenced by direct-to-consumer advertising, significantly impacted physicians' prescribing decisions. Patients making general requests had the highest prescribing rates, while those with no request received the lowest rate.
The study found that doctors prescribed antidepressants more often when patients asked for them, with 53% of the time when Paxil was requested. This raises concerns about the overuse of antidepressants in mild cases and the impact of direct-to-consumer advertising on healthcare quality.
A study in mice suggests that dopamine and serotonin neurotransmitters sometimes interact, causing delays in mood stabilization. This interaction may lead to alternative approaches for developing antidepressant treatments that target serotonin entry into dopamine terminals.
Researchers found that SSRIs increase serotonin levels in synapses, but also 'trick' dopamine transporters into retrieving serotonin, causing cosignaling. This complex effect may explain delayed antianxiety effects and behavioral abnormalities in children.
A recent study reveals that cognitive therapy is as effective as antidepressant medication in treating depression, but with a lasting impact even after treatment concludes. Cognitive therapy equips patients with skills to manage problems and emotions, outperforming medication in preventing relapses over time.
A randomized trial of 240 moderately to severely depressed patients found that cognitive therapy was as effective as antidepressant medication in achieving response and remission. The study supports the idea that cognitive therapy can be a viable treatment option for severe depression, even when provided by experienced therapists.
Researchers found changes in prefrontal brain function during a placebo lead-in predicted adverse effects in subjects who received an antidepressant. This study's unique design uses quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) imaging technique cordance to identify individuals at risk of side effects.
A study published in Heart found that antidepressants may explain the increased risk of heart attack associated with their use. Patients who recently started antidepressants were twice as likely to have a heart attack within seven days compared to those who hadn't taken the medication before.
A study of surgically implanted electrodes in patients with refractory depression found significant clinical response in four out of six participants, with sustained improvement through six months. The technique involves high-frequency electrical stimulation to modulate brain activity in the subgenual cingulate region.
Researchers found no significant association between antidepressant use and suicide rates in the US. Instead, they suggest that untreated depression is a major contributor to suicidal behavior, particularly among men and young people.
This article discusses the association between non-hazardous alcohol consumption and injury, as well as barriers to treating depression among young adults. Studies find that excessive drinking causes significant injuries, while negative attitudes towards treatment may prevent youth from accepting diagnosis and care.
A study published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine found that exercising moderately intense aerobics for 30-35 minutes per day reduced depressive symptoms by an average of 47% after 12 weeks. The study included 80 adults with mild to moderate depression and showed similar results to antidepressant medications.
Common antidepressants lower effects of tamoxifen in many women, with different SSRIs affecting active tamoxifen byproducts in the blood. Genetic testing may help identify groups that benefit more from one SSRI than another.
A study found that women taking SSRIs with CYP2D6 variant alleles had lower tamoxifen metabolite levels, potentially impacting treatment efficacy. The authors suggest testing CYP2D6 genetic variants to personalize tamoxifen therapy.
Researchers found a genetic variation in the CRH gene associated with a 70% greater reduction in anxiety and 30% greater reduction in depression in response to certain antidepressants. This discovery shows promise in helping physicians tailor prescriptions to specific people, offering a more targeted approach to treating depression.
A mutant gene that results in 80% less serotonin production has been identified in patients with unipolar major depression, with over 10% of cases carrying the mutation. The study suggests a potential molecular mechanism for aberrant serotonin function in neuropsychiatric disorders.
A recent study found that combining SAMe with antidepressant medication improved symptoms in 50% of participants and led to complete remission in 43% after six weeks. The study, led by Massachusetts General Hospital, investigated the efficacy of SAMe in patients with continuing symptoms despite initial treatment.
The use of celebrities to market drugs and diseases is a practice that raises concerns about public health and transparency. According to investigative reporter Ray Moynihan, this practice can lead to a lack of balance in the public debate about major health problems, as well as a failure to disclose potential conflicts of interest.
A study published in Archives of Internal Medicine found a significant association between antidepressant use and risk of abnormal bleeding. The risk increased with the degree of serotonin reuptake inhibition, particularly for drugs with high levels of inhibition, which were associated with a 2.6-fold increased risk of bleeding events.
Research suggests that nicotine receptors in the brain play a crucial role in antidepressant medication's effectiveness. The study found that blocking these receptors can accelerate emotional relief, particularly for patients who are suicidal or unresponsive to current treatments.
Researchers at Northwestern Memorial Hospital are testing a new Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) treatment for major depression. The study aims to prove the effectiveness of TMS as a treatment alternative and compare its effects with placebo, with the goal of securing FDA clearance for clinical use.
A study found that combining antidepressant medication nortriptyline with a nicotine patch significantly increased smoking cessation rates at six months. The treatment showed a 23% success rate, compared to 10% for those receiving a placebo. However, participants taking nortriptyline experienced more side effects.
A UCSF study reveals that long-term medication and counseling can help smokers quit successfully, with 50% of participants abstinent after one year. The treatment program combined antidepressant nortriptyline with counseling for extended periods, showing better results compared to short-term options.
A 12-week study found that combining sertraline and CBT was more effective than treatment with just one or the other in reducing symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in adolescents. CBT alone was also shown to be effective, particularly at the University of Pennsylvania site.
A randomized controlled trial found that patients treated with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) alone or in combination with medication showed a substantially higher probability of improvement. The combined treatment proved more effective than CBT alone and sertraline alone in treating children and adolescents with OCD.
A recent study found that New York City residents' mental health visits rose less than expected after the 9/11 attacks. The majority of residents did not seek additional mental health services or medication use following the disaster, with only a few percent showing increased utilization.
A study found that one in six chronically ill adults skip medication due to cost, with those paying more out-of-pocket or having no coverage being the most likely. The researchers estimate that this skimping leads to over a million Americans using less medication and 1.6 million missing doses.
The new guideline suggests tricyclic antidepressants, gabapentin, lidocaine skin patch, and opioids as effective in reducing pain from postherpetic neuralgia. However, the long-term effects of these treatments are not yet supported by sufficient data.
Parkinson's disease is often associated with depression, a condition that can significantly impact patients' lives. Research suggests that depression is part of the illness and not just a reaction to the disease.
Experts dispute FDA warnings on antidepressants and suicidal risk, citing limited data for children and adolescents. Studies show a decrease in suicides over years of growing SSRI use, but caution is advised when interpreting the data.
A recent clinical trial demonstrated the effectiveness of duloxetine in reducing pain and improving disease symptoms in female fibromyalgia patients. The study showed significant improvements in tender point measures and pressure pain threshold, with benefits also observed in emotional and physical functioning.
A study by Dr. Kurt Kroenke found that depression is a risk factor for pain symptoms, with muscle pain and headaches being two or three times more common in people with depression. Physical symptoms may not respond to antidepressant treatment as well as emotional symptoms, and can linger longer.
A study by UT Southwestern Medical Center found that teens with depression experience significant improvement when treated with a combination of medication and cognitive-behavior therapy. The treatment resulted in a 71% improvement rate, compared to 60% for those taking Prozac alone or 43% for those receiving only therapy.
The TADS clinical trial found combined antidepressant and talk therapy treatment yielded the best results, followed by antidepressants alone. Talk therapy on its own was no more effective than placebo.
Stanford and Packard researchers found that nicotine patches were equally effective in adolescents regardless of antidepressant medication. Most teens reduced tobacco usage, with some achieving complete abstinence after 10 weeks. The study marks a promising breakthrough in treating teen smoking addiction.
The study suggests that the risk of suicidal behavior is similar among users of different antidepressant drugs, including SSRIs and tricyclic antidepressants. The risk of suicidal behavior is highest in the first month after starting treatment, particularly within the first nine days.
A meta-analysis found that fluoxetine, orlistat, and sibutramine can achieve modest but statistically significant short-term weight loss in adults with type 2 diabetes. Levels of glycated hemoglobin were also modestly reduced by the medications.
Researchers found that women with a specific gene mutation in the CYP2D6 gene had lower levels of endoxifen, a byproduct of tamoxifen metabolism. This suggests that the gene mutation may affect the potency of tamoxifen when combined with certain antidepressants like paroxetine and sertraline.
A study by the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine found that most antidepressants, except citalopram, are ineffective on mice lacking norepinephrine. The researchers tested eight commonly prescribed antidepressant drugs and discovered a critical link between norepinephrine and desired behavioral effects.
The study found that doubling co-payments led to significant reductions in use of eight therapeutic classes, including NSAIDS, antihistamines, and antihypertensives. Patients with chronic illnesses were less likely to reduce their medication use, highlighting concerns about adverse health consequences.
A study of 1,248 people with depression found that those who didn't recover from symptoms after routine treatment were more likely to experience persistent depression and report side effects from medication. These individuals often felt they received inadequate care from their doctors, leading to continued use of healthcare services.
A study by Express Scripts found that antidepressant use increased significantly among children and adolescents between 1998 and 2002. The fastest-growing segment was preschoolers aged 0-5 years, with use doubling in girls and growing by 64% in boys.
A study published in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology found that nearly all women take prescription medications (92%) and self-medicate with over-the-counter medications (96.5%). Researchers also discovered potential drug interactions, including those between antidepressants and herbal supplements like St. John's wort.
Negative clinical trial results from SSRIs go unpublished, while flimsy data support their use. Flawed trial design, secrecy in approvals process, and inadequate adverse drug reporting systems contribute to ineffective and unsafe drugs entering the market.
A study examined trends in potentially inappropriate drug prescribing at ambulatory care visits among older adults from 1995 to 2000. The research found that pain relievers and central nervous system drugs made up most of the inappropriate prescriptions, with rates higher for patients with multiple prescriptions and women.
UT Southwestern researchers are studying the effect of supervised exercise on individuals taking SSRIs, with preliminary results indicating positive responses from patients. The goal is to determine if exercise can augment SSRI treatment and reduce all symptoms of depression.
A telephone counseling program was found to be more effective in helping smokers quit than a less-intensive mailing plan. The study showed that participants who received the phone counseling had a reduced chance of smoking after one year, with a significant association between the type of counseling and smoking behavior.
Researchers found that paroxetine reduces levels of endoxifen, an active metabolite of tamoxifen, in breast cancer patients. This decrease was more pronounced in women with a normal CYP2D6 genotype, suggesting potential implications for tamoxifen treatment outcomes.
The guidelines recommend five medication types to treat neuropathic pain, including gabapentin, lidocaine patches, and narcotics. Neuropathic pain affects 4-6 million people in the US, caused by nerve damage from conditions like shingles, diabetes, and cancer.
UB researchers found that antidepressant drugs decrease chronic pain by inhibiting TNF production in the brain. The study showed that these drugs also increase norepinephrine release, leading to a decrease in pain and its symptoms. This finding may contribute to new strategies for treating chronic pain.
Researchers found that variations in genes related to serotonin receptors and liver enzyme CYP2D6 impact antidepressant efficacy and side effects. The study suggests personalized treatment approaches based on individual genetic profiles.
The study found that nearly 68% of patients who received antidepressant treatment were alive after nine years, compared to about 36% of those who received placebo. The researchers believe antidepressants may provide protective effects by improving recovery and reducing mortality in stroke patients.
Research shows a shift toward 'medicalization' of deviation from women's traditional roles, while men's depressive illness is increasingly described in terms connoting work and aggression. The study highlights the importance of accurate media representation in influencing patient-doctor communication about mental health concerns.
Researchers found that antidepressants stimulate new neuron creation, which takes several weeks, and that this process is crucial for clinical response. The study also highlights the importance of specific serotonin receptors in regulating emotions.