Articles tagged with Hygiene
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The article explores the growing trend of health tourism and global healthcare trade, highlighting the benefits and concerns surrounding cross-border e-health services, private healthcare abroad, foreign direct investment in healthcare, and migration of healthcare professionals. Key findings include the increasing demand for low-cost m...
Global minimum standards for intellectual property protection under TRIPS lead to unequal pharmaceutical trade between rich and poor countries. Developing countries are not utilizing flexibilities to overcome patent barriers, leaving them vulnerable to pressure from powerful nations.
The Lancet Series on Trade and Health emphasizes the need for stronger evidence to link trade and health outcomes. Building capacity to analyze these links and ensuring public health representation in negotiations are crucial. The series advocates for policy responses to mitigate negative effects and optimize health benefits.
The Lancet Series on Trade and Health explores how trade affects population health, highlighting policy coherence challenges. Governance of trade and health is weighted towards international trade law, with WTO's strong dispute resolution procedure, which WHO lacks.
The authors argue that global health governance weaknesses hinder effective representation of public health interests in WTO decisions. To address this, they suggest strengthening WHO's influence through training and policy coherence on trade agreements.
A new study in the Journal of Consumer Research identifies four product claim structures that can be more effective in different situations. Consumers employ different logical strategies to counteract pitches, with alternative causes and disabling conditions affecting believability.
A cross-sectional survey in northern Uganda found that IDPs experience negative effects on physical and mental health due to factors like gender, age, income, distance from home areas, food security, and sense of safety. The study also highlights the importance of emotional support using family ties for better mental health.
Private sector involvement in delivering healthcare could be a solution for low-income countries struggling with weak health systems. However, critics argue that private risk-sharing schemes and insurance are not accessible to the poorest groups, highlighting the importance of public financing of healthcare.
A study found that ACTs could reduce malaria transmission by up to 53% in areas of low transmission, compared to 21% in high transmission areas. Long-acting antimalarial regimens may be needed in high transmission settings to achieve significant reductions.
A recent study found that non-beverage alcohols, including medicinal tinctures and eau-de-colognes, are highly concentrated and cheaper than standard Russian vodka. Researchers believe these products pose a significant health risk to consumers, particularly those who rely on them as an affordable source of alcohol.
Task-shifting from doctors to nurses and lay providers can improve primary health care coverage. Effective supervision and alternative financing structures are key to success.
A 'dodgy dossier' of faulty intelligence and tactics contributed to the failure of the war against malaria in tropical countries. Dr. Colin Sutherland explains that a one-size-fits-all approach was miscalculated, and the parasite is now at its strongest in these regions.
A new study found that focusing on the social benefits of having a beautiful smile is effective in improving dental hygiene habits among new immigrants. The research also shows that families from less acculturated backgrounds are more responsive to such messages.
A study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that consuming oily fish at least once a week may reduce the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by 50%. Researchers associated high levels of omega-3 fatty acids with lower AMD risk, particularly those above 300mg per day.
The six regional directors of WHO express their unequivocal support for revitalizing the Alma-Ata Declaration, acknowledging its importance in strengthening health systems. They emphasize the need for a long-term commitment to primary health care and call for alignment with WHO's strategic objectives.
A new self-report measure called the Children’s Report of Sleep Patterns (CRSP) has been developed to assess sleep patterns, sleep hygiene, and sleep disturbances in school-aged children. The study found that CRSP demonstrated adequate internal reliability and moderate significant relationships with other measures.
Researchers found that RA patients are nearly eight times more likely to have periodontal disease than healthy controls. The study suggests that impaired oral hygiene is only part of the connection and that other systemic inflammatory disorders may play a role.
Donor funding to maternal, newborn, and child health has increased by near-doubling in 68 priority countries, with significant rises in child and maternal health support. However, funding fell in some countries, highlighting the need for stabilizing flows to enable governments to make long-term commitments.
The international nutrition system faces substantial shortcomings in four functional areas: stewardship, resource mobilization, provision of services, and human resource strengthening. The current funding provided by donors is grossly insufficient and poorly targeted, hindering efforts to combat undernutrition.
A recent study found strong evidence that respiratory infections increase the risk of heart attacks and strokes, particularly in winter months. The researchers discovered a doubling of risk in the week following respiratory infection, which reduced over time.
A new study highlights the struggles of living with HIV/AIDS in Serbia, where people face stigma, loneliness, and insecure access to treatment. The research finds that high levels of stress and anxiety result from these challenges, impacting quality of life.
The study found that maternal mortality decreased by 68% in the ICDDR,B region and 54% in the government region over a 30-year period. Additionally, educational differentials played a significant role in reducing maternal mortality, with women having more than eight years of schooling being less likely to die.
A study suggests that increasing active transport, like walking and cycling, can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 while improving public health. Public policies promoting low-carbon transportation systems can bring substantial health benefits to all populations, especially the poor.
A review of 268 qualitative studies on young people's (under 25's) sexual behavior found that factors influencing their decisions are strikingly similar worldwide. The study identified seven key themes, including unreliable indicators and social factors that affect condom use.
The US has failed to promote effective family planning policies due to the Bush administration's inaction. Europe may need to take a lead in revitalizing global commitment to family planning, as population growth poses a greater threat to development than HIV/AIDS in many poor countries.
The Lancet warns that Millennium Development Goal 5 will only be met with intensified commitment and effective strategies to reduce maternal deaths. The authors call for governments and donors to invest in training, deployment, and retention of skilled attendants, particularly midwives, to make a significant difference.
The article highlights the alarming rate of chronic diseases and injuries in Latin America and the Caribbean, with seven out of ten deaths attributed to these causes. The authors argue that lack of funding for health research is hindering efforts to address this crisis.
A study found that managers in the UK food industry prioritize consumer concerns about food safety and hygiene risks over rules and regulations. The survey of 204 individuals across various businesses revealed a high degree of confusion about state regulators and their roles, with locally-based environmental health officers perceived a...
A recent outbreak of corneal infection Fusarium keratitis is associated with the use of a specific contact lens solution, ReNu with MoistureLoc. The study found that users of this product were 20 times more likely to develop the infection compared to non-users.
The number of vCJD cases continues to decline due to BSE-infected beef consumption, but researchers explore the potential for transmission via blood transfusions and surgical operations. Key factors determining epidemic scale include instrument reuse frequency and cleaning effectiveness.
Researchers compared wild rodents to laboratory rodents and found that wild animals had higher levels of antibodies associated with allergy and autoimmune disease. This suggests that a lack of exposure to microbes in modern environments may contribute to these conditions.
A study by the American Academy of Periodontology reveals that chronic stress, depression, and elevated cortisol levels are potential risk indicators for periodontal disease in adults aged 50 and older. Short-term psychological stress was linked to elevated plaque levels, while long-term physical stress was associated with gingivitis.
Ignoring Indigenous communities' health experiences under current MDG policies puts them at risk of disappearing forever. The Lancet series highlights the importance of including Indigenous wisdom and rights in international health and medicine.
The Lancet series highlights disparities in indigenous people's health worldwide, with lower life expectancy, higher rates of infectious diseases, and poor access to healthcare. Researchers are calling for greater respect and action to address these issues and preserve unique knowledge about ecosystems and medicines.
A recent study found that few dentists have received training on recognizing domestic violence and more than half expressed interest in increased training. A practical training program was developed and presented to over 300 dentists, including a tool kit with patient assessment questions and response guidelines.
A recent study by Case Western Reserve University found that private practice dentists and hygienists primarily counsel middle-class patients with higher education on preventing dental diseases. Despite the lack of peer feedback, most dentists use comfort-giving strategies to make patients feel at ease during visits.
The Lancet is hosting a conference on child survival progress, focusing on reducing neonatal deaths by two-thirds by 2015. The event aims to provide opportunities for politicians and health-care workers to invest in proven interventions that can save one newborn life for every $2100 invested.
A study of 1,775 patients found that periodontal disease was the leading cause of tooth loss in individuals over 35. The most common medical history findings were diabetes mellitus and hypertension, with men being more likely to experience tooth loss due to periodontal reasons.
A study found that Botox injections significantly improved muscle tone and functional disability in stroke patients, with at least 50% achieving a 1-point or greater improvement. The treatment was safe and well-tolerated, with only 7% reporting adverse events.
A study found that only 44% of dental professionals assess their patients for eating disorders and 20% implement more frequent recall programs. Greater self-efficacy and knowledge among hygienists increased their ability to prevent disordered eating, while dentists' perceived benefits led to patient referrals.
A long-term study published in JADA demonstrates that rinsing twice daily with Listerine Antiseptic mouthrinse is as effective at reducing plaque and gingivitis as flossing once daily. The study found that Listerine Antiseptic reduced plaque by 20% and gingivitis by 11%, while flossing led to 3.4% and 4.3% reductions respectively.
The Tobacco industry's document depository in Guildford, UK, is being criticized for its limited access and transparency. The company has failed to provide electronic access to requested documents, despite claiming to have 'big time imaging' capabilities.
A recent survey conducted by Case Western Reserve University found that most dental hygienists prioritize oral cancer screening but often fall short in performing head and neck examinations and counseling patients about tobacco use. The study emphasizes the crucial role of dental professionals in early detection and treatment.
Environmental samples from food factories and households contained E. sakazakii, highlighting the need for preventive control measures. Health professionals should follow recommendations to handle reconstituted powdered infant formulas with care.
A study found that 90% of trachoma infections occur in children under 10 years old in Tanzania and The Gambia. The SAFE strategy, which includes surgery, antibiotics, facial cleanliness, and environmental improvements, is key to eliminating trachoma by 2020.
The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) is a legally binding international treaty aimed at reducing tobacco use, but its adoption in the US is threatened by American exceptionalism. The FCTC covers tobacco taxation, smoking prevention and treatment, illicit trade, advertising, sponsorship and promotion, and product regulation.
International health experts urge the British Prime Minister to consider the humanitarian impacts of war on Iraq, citing estimates of 48,000 to 260,000 potential deaths. The letter highlights the long-term negative effects of collective violence and opposes military intervention in Iraq.
A recent study found that dog collars fitted with deltamethrin resulted in a 42% reduction in transmission of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis to children and a 54% drop in infection rates among dogs. This alternative control method is more practical and effective than current methods, such as dog culling and spraying insecticide.
The study reveals that street food vendors rely on consumer demands for hygiene, which has limited impact. Despite this, the food remains an important source of nutrition, particularly for the poorest workers.
Patients with dementia in the middle stages are five times more likely to experience intense emotional distress than those in early or late stages. The study found that caring for personal hygiene, particularly invasive care, triggers acute distress. Strategies like supervision and environmental changes can help mitigate reactions.
A recent study found that nearly half of military women are uncomfortable going on sick call for genitourinary infections while deployed. Women's health issues, including urinary tract infections and vaginitis, can compromise duty performance and cause significant time loss.
A new study by Oregon Research Institute shows that dental hygienists can help patients quit chewing tobacco by providing cessation intervention. Quit rates tripled among those who received the intervention compared to usual care.
A study by Pat Rusin and her colleagues at the University of Arizona found that toilet seats were consistently cleaner than kitchen surfaces, including sinks, tap handles, and chopping boards. The researchers believe this is due to the dry environment of toilet seats, which are less conducive to bacterial growth.