Articles tagged with Pediatrics
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A randomized clinical trial suggests that low-dose atropine may provide a treatment option for childhood myopia progression. The study observed a significant reduction in myopia progression over 3 years.
A recent study found that adolescents across various ages, genders, and geographies are aware of and concerned about the potential impacts of abortion restrictions. The study, led by Dr. Bianca A. Allison, used a nationwide text message poll to gather responses from over 800 adolescents between 14-24 years old.
Researchers have created an open-source, reproducible analysis platform for pediatric brain tumors, providing a cloud-based resource for comprehensive data on the disease. The platform contains genomic and clinical data from over 1,000 pediatric brain tumors and 22 patient-derived cell lines.
A special issue of the Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine explores the treatment and management of cerebral palsy, including spasticity management and pain relief. The articles discuss various approaches to managing spasticity, such as enteral baclofen use and botulinum neurotoxinA injections, aiming to improve care and quali...
A study of 8,269 pediatric patients reveals persistent disparities in central line–associated bloodstream infection rates for Black patients and those who speak a language other than English. Stratifying outcomes to assess for disparities may inform targeted interventions to improve equity.
The prevalence of depression among adolescents increases with age, affecting up to 1 in 4 youths during the pandemic. More than 60% of adolescents with MDD also have co-occurring mental health conditions, making diagnosis and treatment challenging.
Researchers found variability in IgA levels between blood and gut samples, suggesting IgA regulates commensal microbes to prevent immune dysregulation. Patients with normal fecal IgA were less likely to develop symptoms, while those deficient in both blood and fecal IgA showed elevated inflammatory cytokines.
Researchers at UTHealth Houston are investigating the role of fibrin and fibrinogen in traumatic brain injury and hemorrhagic shock. The four-year grant will fund Phase II of a stem cell clinical trial evaluating whether mesenchymal stem cells reduce chronic neuroinflammatory response to traumatic brain injury.
Researchers found that distant cancers alter liver function by inducing fat accumulation and inflammation in liver cells. The process involves secretion of extracellular vesicles containing fatty acids, which reprogram the liver to resemble fatty liver disease.
A national study published in Sleep Health found that screen habits linked to better sleep include keeping devices out of the bedroom and avoiding screens before bedtime. The study analyzed data from 10,280 preteens aged 10-14 and found that 15.5% reported trouble falling or staying asleep in the past two weeks.
Researchers at the University of Tsukuba found an association between evaporated alcohol from incubator disinfectants and alcohol absorption in premature infants. They introduced a new practice to reduce alcohol exposure, which was associated with decreased alcohol levels in infants' blood and air.
Researchers from Children's Hospital of Philadelphia found that repeated soccer headers equivalent to a throw-in did not cause immediate neurophysiological deficits for teens. However, oblique headers resulted in higher levels of angular head motion, suggesting proper training is necessary to reduce the risk of injury.
Researchers have found that craniospinal radiation can control metastasis in diffuse midline gliomas, leading to improved treatment options for patients. The study suggests that this approach may lead to long-term survival and potentially curative effects for these children.
A new study by UC Davis MIND Institute researchers and others finds that the M-CHAT-R/F screening tool is effective in identifying children with autistic traits, but it also flags many children incorrectly. The study highlights the need for clinical judgment and clear communication with parents about the limitations of the tool.
A decision analytical model found that increased uptake of bivalent booster vaccination among eligible age groups decreased pediatric hospitalizations and school absenteeism. The benefits of booster campaigns for children may be substantial, suggesting a focus on younger populations is crucial.
A study led by UC San Francisco found that breastfeeding duration increased by an average of 18% among U.S. women during the pandemic, with white and high-income women experiencing the largest gains. The study suggests that a national paid family leave policy could improve breastfeeding rates and reduce health inequities.
Research found that occasional cannabis use during early pregnancy can significantly reduce birth weight, even if continued use is not observed. Continued exposure results in largest deficiencies, with newborns exposed to marijuana throughout gestation being nearly 200g lighter and having smaller head circumferences.
Gene therapy is being tested for rare skeletal dysplasia, affecting 1 in 200,000. Patients will receive a one-time infusion of viral vector containing correct gene sequence.
Research found that children of obese or diabetic mothers developed epigenetic alterations that predisposed them to diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular problems. Longitudinal follow-up revealed persistent effects on health status and metabolic condition beyond childhood.
Clinical studies with children as participants often require more time, people, and resources than initially budgeted. The study found that pediatric clinical studies cost 59% more on average than the initial proposal, highlighting a need for accurate budgeting.
Research from Children's National Hospital found that maternal stress during the COVID-19 pandemic altered placental structure and function, which may influence fetal health. The study suggests a link between maternal mental health and the development of the placenta.
A study published in Cell Reports Medicine found that pro-inflammatory cell types dominate the intestinal mucosa of children with inflammatory bowel disease, while protective cells are underrepresented. The results provide new insights into the immunology of IBD and may lead to the development of more effective treatments.
Fentanyl-related pediatric deaths increased substantially from 2013 to 2021, with the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbating this public health crisis. Annual deaths peaked in 2020 and 2021, indicating a more than 6-fold increase among children under 5 years.
A recent study found that exposure to antibiotics before age 5 triples the risk of pediatric IBD, while a Western diet high in sugars and ultra-processed foods increases the risk, and lower socioeconomic status provides protection. Conversely, having more siblings, being exposed to pets, and consuming vegetables reduce the risk.
A new study found that young adults with advanced heart disease desire to be actively involved in their medical care decisions, despite their parents' preference for a shared decision-making approach. The research highlights the importance of understanding individual preferences and personalizing communication methods with each patient.
A new study has provided insight into the mysterious evolution of DNA rings in tumors, revealing that nearly one-third of all tumors have these genetic structures. The researchers used a technology to trace the path of DNA ring development in neuroblastoma cells, finding that large rings contain cancer genes spurring cell growth.
The MUSC Hollings community health van has increased access to the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in South Carolina's underserved communities. The vaccine is linked to six different kinds of cancer, including cervical, throat, anal, penile, vaginal and vulvar cancers.
Researchers used human liver organoids to study fibrolamellar carcinoma, a rare childhood liver cancer. They found that different genetic mutations underlie different degrees of aggressiveness in the tumors, and uncovered the probable cell-of-origin as hepatocytes.
Over the past decade, pediatric emergency department visits related to mental health concerns have significantly increased, with a 5-fold rise in suicide-related cases. The study underscores the urgent need for enhanced crisis and emergency mental health services for young people, particularly those experiencing suicidal symptoms.
Children's Hospital Los Angeles researchers have identified a disruption in early kidney progenitor cell development linked to the formation of Wilms tumor. The study found that these cells can reproduce the original tumor and are aggressive, drug-resistant, and metastasize like cancer cells.
Researchers found that the 'Eat, Sleep, Console' (ESC) care approach is more effective than Finnegan Neonatal Abstinence Scoring Tool (FNAST) in assessing and managing opioid-exposed newborns. Newborns cared for with ESC were medically ready for discharge approximately 6.7 days earlier and 63% less likely to receive medication.
Researchers from Nemours Children's Health present findings on pediatric mental health, HPV vaccination strategies, primary hypertension in youth, and the effects of social media on pediatric care. The studies aim to improve child well-being and provide innovative approaches to addressing pressing topics.
A new study by St. Jude Children's Research Hospital found that children with supportive environments fared better than those living in neighborhoods with economic hardship. Higher EHI scores were associated with lower cognitive abilities and greater decline after treatment, especially in math skills.
Researchers from UCLA will deliver presentations on innovative approaches to pediatric care, including a trauma-informed care assessment tool and a weight bias curriculum. A mobile phone pilot intervention is also being explored as a potential solution for preventing obesity in Latino preschool children.
A novel genetic disorder has been identified in 21 patients from around the world, characterized by neurodevelopmental and craniofacial symptoms. The disorder is caused by rare variants in the MAP4K4 gene, which is involved in multiple signaling pathways, including the RAS pathway.
Blinatumomab immunotherapy significantly improves the survival rate of babies with aggressive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), from 66% to 93%, while reducing side effects. The treatment is now standard for babies worldwide.
A new study found that integrating mental health services into pediatric primary care at federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) can improve access to and engagement in mental health care for Medicaid-enrolled children. The TEAM UP model of integrated behavioral health care was shown to increase mental health-related primary care vi...
Researchers at National Jewish Health found that daily Colchicine treatment improved fevers and symptoms in two adolescent patients with long COVID. Genetic testing revealed a pathogenic mutation in the MEFV gene, which is associated with periodic fever syndromes.
A recent study published in JAMA Pediatrics reveals that individuals born preterm or large for gestational age have a significantly increased risk of developing atrial fibrillation up to middle-age. In contrast, those born small for gestational age only show an increased risk up to the age of 18.
A study of 7807 children found no increased risk of brain tumours, leukemia, or lymphoma after a single CT scan. However, exposure to 4 or more scans before adulthood significantly increases the risk of intracranial tumours, leukemia, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma
A new Cochrane Review found that stool transplantation can increase the number of people recovering from Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) infection by 77%, compared to 40% with standard antibiotic treatment. The study also showed a decrease in side effects with stool transplantation.
According to a new joint study, most children diagnosed with Lyme disease (75%) fully recovered within six months of completing antibiotic treatment. However, 22% of children experienced persistent symptoms after treatment, including some classified as post-treatment Lyme disease (PTLD) syndrome.
A Brazilian study found that pediatric ICU workers experienced high levels of burnout, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite high job satisfaction, organizational support can help mitigate psychological distress.
A study of 55,000 Canadian patients with COVID-19 found that vaccination significantly reduced severe outcomes and burden on healthcare systems. The research also highlights the importance of vaccination in reducing mortality rates associated with COVID-19.
A new study reveals that young children diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis are at an increased risk of subsequent wheezing, poor lung function, and reduced height and weight. The study found that children who developed PTB before six months old had more than double the risk of wheezing after 6 months.
Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who live in extreme poverty are at a significantly higher risk of relapse and have difficulty adhering to treatment. The study highlights the need for clinicians and researchers to assess financial hardship and adherence to treatment to improve outcomes.
A new Twitter analysis reveals that medical dramas like New Amsterdam, Chicago Med, and Grey's Anatomy influenced hundreds of people's thoughts on vaping dangers. The study found that nearly half the tweets commented on the realism of the storylines, with some even expressing intention to quit vaping.
A novel technique of three-dimensional (3D) slice-to-volume (SVR) MRI allows for precise delineation and measurement of the fetal optic pathway (FOP). The study found that FOP was visualized in 9 cases in unprocessed fetal MRIs, compared to 55 cases in 3D SVR images.
Infections caused by Group A Streptococcus (GAS) decreased by 80% as COVID-19 lockdown took effect and remained low until March 2022, when they increased 18% a month to surpass pre-COVID levels.
Researchers have identified 145 potential height genes linked to skeletal disorders and growth plate maturation. The study found that genetic changes affecting cartilage cell maturation may strongly influence adult height.
Researchers found that starting early intervention coaching at 18 months old led to greater gains in language, social communication, and daily living skills compared to waiting until 27 months. The study provided high-quality evidence for earlier intervention and highlights the importance of screening for autism at 18 months.
A multi-state study confirms the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA COVID-19 vaccine's effectiveness in children and adolescents against moderate and severe COVID-19 outcomes. The study found that vaccination provided significant protection, but effectiveness decreased during Omicron dominance, with a booster dose increasing protection.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have developed a potential therapeutic for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) using antisense oligonucleotide technology. The treatment has slowed tumor growth, reversed changes in cancer cells, and increased survival rates in mice with DIPG.
A new study found that the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a significant increase in weekday screen time among school-aged children, with boosts of up to 1.35 hours per day. This finding suggests that children used screens to fill time previously spent at school or participating in extra-curricular activities.
A new study found that the COVID-19 pandemic led to steeper declines in fertility rates in some US states than others, with factors like income inequality, racial composition, and political leaning playing a significant role. States with stronger social distancing responses and liberal politics experienced larger fertility rate declines.
A new study finds that wireless pacemakers can safely regulate slow heartbeats in select pediatric patients. The leadless pacemaker, a miniature device implanted directly into the heart, has shown stable performance with no reported complications in children aged 4-21.
During the pandemic, children's recreational screen time significantly increased on weekdays compared to weekends. Once schools reopened, weekday screen time decreased but remained higher than pre-pandemic estimates.
A recent study led by Children's Hospital of Philadelphia identifies two different regulatory T cell populations, one related to autoimmunity and the other to protective immunity. The findings could pave the way for new treatments that target the immune system selectively.
A study published by the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston found a historic increase in group A strep infections among young children in Houston. The researchers identified three main types of group A strep diseases and found that emm12 strains were disproportionately represented, compared to emm1 strains.
Researchers analyzed 1.5 million patients with 53 million electronic notes to identify 9,477 distinct phenotypes and demonstrated a high degree of agreement with expert judgment in various clinical fields.