Articles tagged with Insecticides
Researchers have identified specific mosquito genes associated with resistance to a common class of insecticide, a significant step toward effective malaria control strategies. Two cytochrome P450 genes in Anopheles funestus mosquitoes are linked to pyrethroid resistance.
Researchers at the Mayo Clinic have developed an insecticide that targets the soybean aphid, a pest ravaging Minnesota crops. The small molecule blocks acetylcholinesterase activity in aphids without inhibiting it in humans.
A UCI study finds that sulfuryl fluoride stays in the atmosphere nearly 10 times longer than previously thought, with potential to trap heat near the surface. The insecticide's global warming potential surpasses carbon dioxide from 1 million vehicles annually.
Bed net usage has increased six-fold since 2000, but 90 million children remain unprotected, with Nigeria accounting for a quarter of all unprotected children. Free distribution of nets has led to higher coverage rates, highlighting the need for targeted funding and efforts.
A University of Pittsburgh study found that mixing ten common pesticides within EPA safe limits can cause 99% mortality in leopard frog tadpoles. Endosulfan, a banned neurotoxin, is particularly deadly, causing 84% mortality when used alone.
Research found that malathion, commonly used to control mosquitoes and crop pests, can indirectly kill tadpoles by depleting their primary food source. The study suggests that even low concentrations of the insecticide can have devastating effects on amphibian populations.
A study published in Science reveals that genetically modified cotton (Bt cotton) reduces pest populations not only among the modified crops but also among nearby unmodified crops. This finding could offer promising ideas for controlling pests and maximizing crop yields in the future.
Researchers at Purdue University have found that a single dose of insecticide can kill three generations of German cockroaches. The study shows that the insecticide is transferred horizontally from one cockroach to another, leading to a significant mortality rate among the infected insects.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have identified a key detoxifying protein in Anopheles mosquitoes that metabolizes DDT, a synthetic insecticide used to control malaria-spreading mosquitoes. The protein CYP6Z1 belongs to a class of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases that play key roles in insect defenses against plant toxins.
Researchers found that licensed pesticide applicators who used chlorinated pesticides for over 100 days were at greater risk of developing diabetes. The study associated specific pesticides with a 20-200% increase in risk, with trichlorfon showing the strongest relationship.
A recent study published in the Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture reveals that oregano oil is as effective as synthetic insecticides in controlling Rhizoppertha dominica beetle infestations. The natural compound works by inhibiting egg laying and larval development, posing no environmental harm.
A new study questions the effectiveness of $220 million in malaria prevention efforts, citing a surge in annual mortality rates among teens and adults. The researchers call for addressing environmental factors contributing to malaria growth and developing more efficient control programs.
Research found that Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes harbouring both ace-1R and KdrR genes have lower survival costs than those carrying only one gene, suggesting a possible advantage for multiply resistant organisms in pest management strategies.
Research published in BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine suggests that the berries of Solanum villosum have potential for keeping mosquitoes at bay. The study found that S. villosum was particularly effective at eliminating Stegomyia aegypti larvae, which can spread diseases like dengue fever.
A combination of an insect protein and Bt toxin kills crop pests more effectively than either ingredient alone, inhibiting growth rate and reducing resistance. Researchers found a synergistic effect increasing mortality rates by over 10 times.
Research on farm women reveals an increased risk of allergic asthma associated with pesticide use. The study found a significant increase in asthma prevalence among women who applied or mixed pesticides, with some compounds like parathion linked to nearly tripled risk.
A team of researchers at the University of Cambridge has finally succeeded in synthesizing azadirachtin, a natural compound that stops predatory insects from feeding. The breakthrough uses a novel Claisen rearrangement and radical cyclization reaction to produce the complex molecule.
Researchers developed a non-pyrethroid-DEET combination that shows strong synergy in lethal and paralyzing effects on mosquitoes, inhibiting blood feeding. The treatment's residual efficacy is several months longer than either agent applied alone.
A new study published in Science analyzed the environmental impact of genetically modified (GM) crops and found that they can have benefits for sustainable agriculture. The research used data from field experiments worldwide and found that Bt-crops, which produce an insecticide internally, can reduce the need for chemical spraying.
A study published in Pediatrics found that prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos, a common agricultural insecticide, was associated with poorer mental and motor development in children by age three. The study also revealed an increased risk of behavior problems among children exposed to higher levels of the insecticide.
A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that galantamine, an Alzheimer's medication, can effectively counteract the toxic effects of nerve agents and certain insecticides. The treatment was shown to protect the brain from organophosphorus compounds, even when administered after exposure.
Aerial mosquito spray increased the toxicity of pyrethroids in creeks by doubling their effects. Researchers found that a chemical synergist, piperonyl butoxide (PBO), made sediments more toxic to certain aquatic species.
Researchers found strong association between PON2-PON3 gene cluster polymorphisms and sporadic ALS, a complex neurodegenerative disorder. Gene variations may help elucidate the cause of sporadic ALS, potentially leading to specific treatments.
A study by University of Arizona researchers found that biotech cotton produces similar yields to traditional cotton with fewer pesticides used. The study, which examined 81 commercial cotton fields in Arizona, revealed that growers using Bt cotton needed fewer applications of broad-spectrum insecticides.
Exposure to household insecticides and garden pesticides during childhood is associated with a higher risk of developing acute leukemia. The study found that mothers who used insecticides while pregnant or after birth nearly doubled their child's risk, while exposure to garden insecticides increased the risk by more than doubling.
Researchers have detected pyrethroids, a common insecticide, in nearly all sediment samples from urban and suburban streams, posing a threat to aquatic ecosystems. The finding highlights the need for greater monitoring and consideration of the potential effects of residential use of pyrethroids on water systems.
A study analyzed 802 Sri Lankan patients who ingested three common organophosphorus insecticides, highlighting substantial variation in clinical course and response to treatment. Current treatment is only partly effective, with case fatality rates often exceeding 10%.
Researchers have identified two novel compound classes that target the ryanodine receptor in insects, offering a promising alternative to older, less-selective insecticides. These compounds, developed by Nihon Nohyaku Co., Ltd. and Bayer CropScience AG, show high potency and mammalian safety against pest insects.
Researchers at Virginia Tech will use 'in situ click chemistry' to design a novel, species-specific insecticide for Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes, reducing toxicity and ensuring safety for humans and animals. The project aims to provide an effective solution for malaria control in communities worldwide.
Researchers found a significant association between high lifetime exposure to insecticides and neurological symptoms in farmers. Nearly 800 participants reported more than 10 neurological symptoms, while nearly 3,000 had a high lifetime exposure to insecticides.
Researchers are studying the genetic mutations that make mosquitoes resistant to pyrethroid pesticides, a key strategy for controlling diseases like St. Louis encephalitis and West Nile encephalitis in Texas urban areas. The study aims to develop new methods of mosquito control to prevent resistance.
Research reveals that mosquitoes like Aedes aegypti are less likely to develop high levels of insecticide resistance due to a silent genetic mutation. The study found that only one base mutation is needed for some mosquito species, like Anopheles gambiae, but two adjacent mutations are required in others, including Aedes aegypti.
Researchers measured blood levels of chlorpyrifos and diazinon in umbilical cords before and after the ban and found a significant reduction in birth weights and lengths in infants with high pesticide exposure. The study confirms developmental impact of insecticides on human health.
Researchers used molecular modeling to study the detoxifying proteins of black swallowtail butterflies and corn earworms. The earworm's protein is more flexible, allowing it to bind to and detoxify six different plant defense chemicals and three common insecticides, making it a master of adapting to new pesticides and host plants.
Kenyans rely on mosquito nets to keep mosquitoes at bay, but don't view them as a means of preventing malaria. Insecticide-treated bednets can reduce fatal cases by 20%, but effectiveness depends on consistent use and re-impregnation with insecticide.
Researchers found low-dose exposure to permethrin triggered a process with early onset and persistent effects, while high-level exposures had delayed effects. The study suggests that genetic predisposition may increase the risk of damage from pesticide exposure.
Indoxacarb, a new crop-protection insecticide, blocks nerve membrane channels, making it effective against insects like the Helicoverpa armigera caterpillar. Developed by a team of chemists, indoxacarb breaks down rapidly in the environment, reducing its impact on crops and the ecosystem.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University have created genetically altered mosquitoes that prevent the passage of malaria from one individual to the next. The mosquitoes were engineered to produce a protein that interferes with the development of the parasite in the mosquito, reducing transmission by about 80%.
A study of over 44,000 children found a significant link between DDT exposure and preterm birth. Higher maternal DDE concentrations were associated with an increased risk of preterm births and babies born small for gestational age.
Researchers at Ohio State University developed a method to predict the lethal combination of insecticide concentration, droplet size, and number for specific species. The new approach boosts insect mortality by 60-70% in laboratory experiments, showing promise for more effective pest control with reduced environmental risks.
A study by Mississippi researchers found that flea collars with organophosphate insecticides can release residues on dogs' fur, which can then be transferred to humans. The levels of these residues vary depending on the collar's design, and experts are urging parents to keep children away from pets when new collars are used.
Scientists have identified a new family of insecticidal toxins produced by Photorhabdus luminescens, which are active against a wide range of insects and at least as potent as Bt. The discovery holds promise for the future of natural pest control, particularly in the face of increasing resistance to Bt.