What makes flies attack?
New research reveals that pheromonal cues alone can label another fly as a competitor, leading to male aggression. Behavioral cues also play a crucial role, with males attacking both male- and female-like flies.
Behavior Genetics
Articles tagged with Behavior Genetics
Battle of the sexes, fruit-fly style
Researchers found that fruit flies will attack females who smell and taste like males, and will court males with female-like patterns of behavior. By manipulating a gene that governs pheromonal profiles and behavioral cues, the study reveals the importance of behavioral feedback in aggression.
First Allen Distinguished Investigators named
The Paul G. Allen Family Foundation has announced seven grants totaling $9.4 million for scientific research in neuroscience and cellular engineering. The grants will be awarded to researchers at universities and laboratories in Washington, California, Massachusetts, and New York, with a focus on advancing the study of aggression, neur...
Brent geese show parents know best
A six-year study on migrating geese found that young birds learn their migratory destinations from parents, demonstrating a high concentration of related birds. This cultural inheritance may provide advantages such as better access to food and reproductive success.
ASHG 2010: New research on implications of direct-to-consumer and clinical genetic testing
A recent survey of DTC genetic testing customers reveals their motivations, attitudes, and responses to testing. The study found that early adopters are generally satisfied with services, citing curiosity, risk assessment, and ancestry as top reasons for purchasing tests.
Successful mothers get help from their friends: Dolphin study
A new study reveals that social and genetic effects are both crucial for female dolphins' reproductive success. Female dolphins who have help from their friends and relatives tend to be more successful mothers than those without such support.
SourceUniversity of New South Wales·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateNov 1, 2010
Scientists describe new approach for identifying genetic markers for common diseases
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute develop new strategies to identify collections of rare genetic variations associated with common conditions. By analyzing whole genomes, they aim to find genetic predispositions that can inform preventative medicine.
Researchers find a 'liberal gene'
A new study from the University of California, San Diego, and Harvard University suggests that a specific variant of the DRD4 gene may contribute to liberal political views. Researchers found that individuals with this genetic variant were more likely to be liberal if they had an active social life in adolescence.
Genetic markers offer new clues about how malaria mosquitoes evade eradication
A high-resolution microarray has shed new light on Anopheles gambiae populations, revealing the genes that enable mosquitoes to adapt to insecticides and other preventive measures. This breakthrough provides powerful new insights into the genetics of malaria vectors, supporting public health efforts to contain and eliminate the disease.
Gene therapy may be powerful new treatment for major depression
Researchers at NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell report that gene therapy to the brain reverses depression-like behavior in mice, with human data backing up the promise of such therapy. Autopsy studies reveal significantly reduced levels of p11 protein in patients with severe depression.
Neurogenetics research sheds light on the causes of neurological disease
Recent advances in neurogenetics research have shed light on the genetic basis of human brain disorders, including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Genetic discoveries have transformed clinical practice and provided new hope for patients and families affected by these devastating disorders.
CYP2E1 gene found to be associated with alcohol response in the brain
A new study finds that the CYP2E1 gene is associated with low sensitivity to alcohol and increased risk of alcoholism. The researchers suggest that this gene may be used as a predictor for individuals at risk of developing alcoholism.
Gene activity in the brain depends on genetic background
A new study found that gene activity patterns in the brain differ significantly among individuals with varying genetic backgrounds. The study, published in PNAS, mapped gene expression across 49 genes in seven genetically distinct mouse groups, revealing localized differences in gene activity.
Unlike us, honeybees naturally make 'quick switch' in their biological clocks, says Hebrew University researcher
A study by Hebrew University researcher Prof. Guy Bloch found that honeybees can alter their biological clocks in response to changes in their social role, enabling them to make a 'quick switch' in their daily routines. This flexibility is striking, as humans and most other animals struggle with drastic schedule changes.
Genetic differences in sense of smell identified through asparagus urine odor
Researchers at Monell Center discovered a genetic variation linked to impaired olfactory perception, affecting approximately 14% of individuals. The study used DNA analysis and sensory testing to reveal the connection between an olfactory receptor gene and sulfurous compound sensitivity.
UT researcher links maternal genes to selfish behavior
UT researcher Francisco Úbeda and Andy Gardner found that genomic imprinting affects children's behavior, with paternal genes promoting altruism and maternal genes encouraging self-interest. This discovery has implications for understanding neurological disorders like autism and psychosis.
Hard-wired for chocolate and hybrid cars? How genetics affect consumer choice
Researchers found that people tend to inherit tendencies such as choosing compromise options and avoiding extremes. Additionally, genetic factors seem to play a role in likings for specific products like chocolate, hybrid cars, and science fiction movies.
Secret funding fosters hope for new drugs for autism
A small drug company, Seaside Therapeutics, is developing potential treatments for Fragile X syndrome and autism with secret funding from an anonymous wealthy family. Two of its drugs show promise in clinical trials as treatments for these diseases.
Adapting to darkness: How behavioral and genetic changes helped cavefish survive extreme environment
Researchers at the University of Maryland have discovered how Mexican blind cavefish evolved adaptations to compensate for their loss of vision, including an enhanced vibration attraction behavior to detect food sources. This study provides new insights into the link between behavior, genetics, and evolution in these unique organisms.
DNA fingerprinting pioneer discovers role of key genetic catalyst for human diversity
A recent study by Professor Sir Alec Jeffreys and his team at the University of Leicester has identified a key gene, PRDM9, that plays a significant role in shaping human diversity. The research reveals that people with different versions of PRDM9 exhibit distinct recombination behaviors, contributing to genetic disorders.
Sensitivity to alcohol odors may indicate a genetic predisposition to alcohol dependence
A study found that individuals with a specific genotype of the GABRA2 gene may be more sensitive to alcohol odors, leading to stronger cravings and potentially increased risk of alcohol dependence. This suggests a genetic link between the brain's reward system and environmental cues.
Genome comparison of ants establishes new model species for molecular research
Ants have been found to be genetically identical but exhibit distinct behaviors due to epigenetic mechanisms. The study compares two ant species, Florida carpenter ant and Jerdon's jumping ant, and reveals differences in gene expression corresponding to different castes.
Genetic structure of first animal to show evolutionary response to climate change determined
Researchers used RAD tagging to analyze the genetic structure of Wyeomyia smithii, a pitcher plant-dwelling mosquito. The study found that post-glacial populations originated from a southern Appalachian Mountain refugium and expanded sequentially into previously glaciated areas.
SourceU.S. National Science Foundation·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateAug 24, 2010
American Society for Microbiology honors Binh An Diep
Dr. Binh An Diep, a researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, has made significant contributions to understanding methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) epidemiology and pathogenesis.
Apathetic aphids with attitude become easier prey for ladybugs
Researchers found that apathetic aphids, accustomed to ignoring pheromone alarms, are more vulnerable to ladybug attacks. This study provides a potential strategy for increasing the effectiveness of aphid predators in crop protection.
Relatives of individuals with autism tend to display abnormal eye movements
A study found that relatives of individuals with autism exhibit abnormal eye movements and other sensorimotor impairments, similar to those seen in individuals with autism. These abnormalities are associated with brain pathways important for language skills, motor control, and executive function.
Electrical activity in developing brain influences choice of neurotransmitter
Electrical activity in developing brain cells influences the choice of neurotransmitter, altering behavior. Researchers found that tweaking genetic signals can change an animal's behavior by changing the transmitters neurons make and use.
Hormonal birth control alters scent communication in primates
A Duke University study found that hormonal contraceptives alter the chemical cues used by ring-tailed lemurs to determine genetic fitness and relatedness. The study also showed that males are less interested in females treated with contraceptives, suggesting potential effects on human mate choice.
Once bitten, twice shy -- a temperature switch triggers aversive memory
Scientists at the Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology have identified three dopamine-releasing nerve cells essential for associating odors with negative experiences. By manipulating these cells using a temperature switch, they demonstrated that even without an electric shock, fruit flies can learn to avoid specific odors.
Greater religiosity during adolescence may protect against developing problem alcohol use
A recent study found that religiosity during adolescence can moderate genetic effects on problem alcohol use, but not in young adulthood. The research suggests that adolescents raised with strong religious values are less likely to develop problems with alcohol use, even in the presence of a genetic predisposition.
New research shows peer drug use may increase an individual's genetic tendency to use drugs
A new study found that young women with a genetic predisposition to substance use are more likely to choose friends who also use substances, increasing their environment and genetic inclination. This correlation suggests that peer selection has a genetic basis, modifying an individual's likelihood of associating with drug-using peers.
Mutations on 3 genes could predispose people to suicidal behaviour
A study has found that genetic mutations in three genes may predispose individuals to suicidal behavior. The research identified a model able to differentiate between people with and without a history of suicide attempts using an algorithm based on SNPs from these genes.
SourceSpanish Foundation for Science and Technology·JournalAmerican Journal of Medical Genetics·DateJun 15, 2010
Biologists isolate genes that regulate the sleep-feeding conflict
Researchers identified Clock and cycle genes involved in the interaction between feeding and sleep behaviors. The study found that these genes aid in sleep under food deprivation conditions, highlighting the complex role of genetics in behavioral decision-making.
Biologists identify genes regulating sleeping and feeding
Scientists have identified two genes, Clock and cycle, that regulate the need to sleep and eat in fruit flies. The study found that these genes help flies regulate sleep when food is scarce, providing new insights into the neural mechanisms underlying this conflict.
Researchers closer to untying autism's genetic knot
A new study has identified multiple rare genes involved in regulating central nervous system processes, shedding light on the genetic causes of autism spectrum disorders. The research may lead to innovative treatments and a better understanding of the disorder.
New autism susceptibility genes identified
Researchers have identified new autism susceptibility genes, including SHANK2 and SYNGAP1, which may lead to earlier diagnosis and better treatments. The study found that these genes are involved in synapse-related pathways and cellular proliferation, providing insights into possible common pathological mechanisms.
Autism genome project identifies genetic variants that may make people susceptible to disorder
Researchers found rare genetic changes called copy number variants (CNVs) in nearly 2,300 people, which could account for up to 3.3% of autism cases. The study identified three new genes and pathways contributing to autism susceptibility.
Researchers report new autism genes discovered
A team of researchers from the University of Illinois Chicago has identified new autism susceptibility genes, including SHANK2, SYNGAP1 and DLGAP2, through an international collaboration with Autism Speaks. These findings suggest that multiple rare variants or genetic changes may contribute to the development of autism.
World's largest DNA scan reveals rare variants that disrupt gene activity in autistic children
A recent study found rare genetic changes in autistic children that are often not present in their parents, occurring nearly 20% more frequently. The research, involving over 60 institutions worldwide, suggests that tiny errors during egg and sperm formation may contribute to autism.
Caltech researchers identify genes and brain centers that regulate meal size in flies
Researchers identified two genes, leucokinin neuropeptide and receptor, that regulate meal sizes and frequency in fruit flies. In normal flies, the stretch receptors signal to the brain when the gut is full, but in mutants or brain center destruction, this signal is not relayed, leading to excessive eating.
Satellites, DNA and dolphins
Researchers used genetic data and oceanographic information from satellites to find two distinct populations of franciscanas in Argentina's coastal waters. The findings suggest that environmental factors, such as water temperature and turbidity, play a significant role in shaping population structure in marine animals.
How nerve cells distinguish odors
Researchers at Heidelberg University Hospital discovered that inhibiting communication between nerve cells accelerates odor discrimination in mice. The study confirmed the function of lateral inhibition, which enables quick and reliable recognition of similar smells, using genetic manipulation and electrophysiological measurements.
ADHD linked to interaction of genetics and psychology
A study found that children with ADHD exhibit more symptoms when they experience high levels of self-blame during inter-parental conflict, which is associated with genetic variations related to serotonin activity. The study suggests a synergistic effect between genetic and environmental factors in the development of ADHD.
Semel Institute awarded $15M to establish new integrative phenotyping center
The Semel Institute has established a new Integrative Phenotyping Center to study genetic and environmental factors in neuropsychiatric disorders. The center will enable large-scale phenotyping studies, including personality, cognition, and brain activity analysis.
'A-maize-ing' discovery could lead to higher corn yields for food, feed and fuel
Scientists have made a significant discovery in corn breeding that could lead to higher crop yields, improved disease resistance and heartier plants able to withstand severe weather. By understanding the genetics of photoperiod response, researchers hope to be able to overcome the barrier to using tropical maize for temperate varieties.
Sex on the brain: 'Doublesex' gene key to determining fruit fly gender
Researchers discover the 'doublesex' gene plays a crucial role in shaping fruit fly brain architecture and behavior, leading to distinct male and female neural circuits. The study sheds light on sex determination and coordination of sex-specific physiology in fruit flies.
The sexual tug-of-war -- a genomic view
A study on fruit-flies published in PLOS Biology found that genes beneficial to males are detrimental to females, and vice versa. This genetic conflict maintains genetic variation within species by regulating sex-specific characteristics and strategies, such as resource acquisition for reproduction.
Examining alcohol use disorders through gene networks instead of individual genes
A new study examined gene networks instead of individual genes to confirm the influence of glutamate receptor signaling genes on a person's level of response (LR) to alcohol. The findings show that variation in sets of genes encoding components for neuronal communication contribute to individual differences in alcohol LR.
If bonobo Kanzi can point as humans do, what other similarities can rearing reveal?
Researchers at Great Ape Trust argue that bonobo Kanzi and others point with specific intent, unlike captive apes. The study builds on previous research on the effect of rearing culture on cognitive capabilities, potentially shedding light on human disorders such as Down's Syndrome or Autistic Spectrum Disorders.
Emerging science, tech advances highlight new NIH Common Fund programs
The NIH Common Fund has announced seven new scientific initiatives to tackle the toughest health problems facing the nation and the world. The programs focus on emerging science and technology advances in areas such as stem cells, protein capture, and global health.
Research builds on genetic link to autism and schizophrenia
A genetic link between schizophrenia and autism is being studied by analyzing behavior in mice with a schizophrenia-linked mutation. Researchers hope to understand the effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs and potentially develop more targeted treatments.
David Anderson to discuss what model organisms can teach us about emotion
Neuroscientist David Anderson explains how studying model organisms like mice and fruit flies can improve understanding of the neural basis of emotion. He also discusses the limitations of human brain studies and the potential of new technologies to experimentally manipulate brain circuitry.
Use of multiple genetic markers not linked with better risk prediction of CVD
A study of over 19,000 women found that a genetic risk score based on multiple genetic markers was not associated with improved cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction. Despite this, traditional factors such as family history and intermediate phenotypes like cholesterol levels remained significant predictors.
Great tits: birds with character
Researchers found a strong association between the DRD4 gene and novelty seeking behavior in great tits, but results varied across different populations. The study's findings mirror those of human research, suggesting that genetic factors may play a role in shaping personality traits.
How arthritis thrives
A Tel Aviv University expert reviews the links between autoimmune diseases, infections, genetics, and the environment. Environmental factors such as hairspray, lipstick, second-hand smoke, food chemicals, and UV exposure are found to trigger the onset of autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
UC San Diego researchers synchronize blinking 'genetic clocks'
Researchers at UC San Diego successfully synchronized bacterial genetic clocks to blink in unison and alter their blinking rates in response to environmental conditions. The achievement is a crucial step towards creating genetic sensors that can monitor temperature, poisons, and other hazards.
Genome of parasitic wasps released
Scientists have decoded the genome of Nasonia, a parasitic wasp that eliminates agricultural pests by infesting fly pupae. The study reveals insights into the wasp's ability to prevent host death and its potential for genetic engineering to improve biological pest control.
Why do people 'play the longshot' and buy insurance? It's in our genes
A team of economists and molecular geneticists found that individuals with a high-activity variation of the MAOA gene prefer longshot lottery plays and purchase less insurance, suggesting an inborn bias in financial decision-making. This discovery complements recent findings on the neurobiological basis of economic risk-taking.
Canine compulsive disorder gene identified
Researchers have identified a genetic locus on chromosome 7 associated with canine compulsive disorder (CCD), a condition characterized by repetitive behaviors. The CDH2 gene region is linked to increased risk of CCD in Doberman breeds and may be involved in human OCD and autism spectrum disorders.
Canine compulsive disorder gene identified in dogs
A genetic locus on chromosome 7 has been linked to canine compulsive disorder, a condition characterized by repetitive behaviors. The neural cadherin-2 gene, CDH2, is involved in mediating synaptic activity and neuronal adhesion, suggesting a possible connection to human obsessive-compulsive disorder.