Articles tagged with Behavior Genetics
A team of researchers at the University of Western Ontario has demonstrated that eliminating a specific neurotransmitter in the striatum may improve brain function in Parkinson's disease. By using genetically-modified mice and high-level behavior and imaging techniques, the researchers found that neurons responsible for this neurotrans...
A study found that northern muriqui monkey mothers play a key role in their sons' reproductive success, with no evidence of inbreeding. The research suggests that this egalitarian society may be the reason for the species' critical endangered status.
Researchers mapped epigenetic changes in neurons from individuals with autism, finding hundreds of sites affected by histone methylation alterations. The study reveals considerable overlap between genetic and epigenetic risk maps for developmental brain disorders.
New research suggests that low GABA levels in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may contribute to impulsive behavior and aggression. The study found a link between lower GABA levels and higher urgency ratings among men with no history of psychiatric disorders or substance dependence.
Researchers uncovered a wide range of new insights into common diseases and their genetic basis, including cardiovascular and kidney disorders, diabetes, cancer, and more. The study provides details on the genetics behind these conditions and elucidates the role of individual differences in metabolism.
Researchers at Georgia Tech discover that genomic gaps in human and chimp genes are caused by viral-like sequences, leading to differences in gene expression and morphology. The study suggests that 'junk DNA' may hold the key to understanding why humans differ from chimps.
A new study by researchers at the University of Zurich has found that humans and great apes share a common evolutionary origin for their cultural behaviors. The research, which analyzed data from over 100,000 hours of orangutan behavior, suggests that genetic factors and environmental influences play a significant role in shaping behav...
This study found that genetic influences on brain activation affect responses to alcohol, particularly in individuals with low response levels. Those with low response levels may not perceive changes in their brain activity after drinking, which can lead to increased consumption and risk of alcohol problems.
A genetically engineered mouse model with tripled Ube3a gene dosage exhibits robust examples of all three traits considered hallmarks of autism: reduced social interaction, impaired communication, and excessive repetitive behaviors. The study provides further clues in understanding brain defects that lead to autism development.
A defective gene in mice shows behaviors and symptoms similar to those observed in humans with autism spectrum disorders. The animals respond similarly to an FDA-approved drug used to treat repetitive behaviors in people with autism.
Researchers have found that distinct gene regulatory networks in the honey bee brain contribute to specific behaviors, such as foraging and aggression. The study confirmed a close relationship between changes in gene expression and behavior, highlighting the importance of understanding the regulation of brain gene expression.
A genome-wide study involving 50,000 participants has discovered 11 regions on the genome strongly associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The researchers found that several DNA variations contribute to both diseases, representing a significant advance in understanding their causes.
Researchers identified the oxytocin receptor gene OXTR as linked to psychological resources, finding that people with specific variants have lower levels of optimism and higher depressive symptoms. The study suggests training oneself in optimism, self-esteem, and mastery can improve coping skills.
Researchers found that quitting smoking is associated with a decrease in impulsivity and neuroticism in young adults. Those who quit smoking also showed the biggest declines in these traits from ages 18 to 25. The study suggests targeting anti-smoking efforts at impulsivity may help young people stop smoking.
Researchers have created stem cells with a single set of chromosomes, simplifying the study of gene function and its impact on development. This technique enables scientists to identify mutations in genes that affect cell behavior and potentially develop new treatments for diseases.
Research suggests that sex hormones play a significant role in shaping women's career interests. Females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia exhibit more interest in STEM careers due to increased androgen exposure, while those without the condition prefer people-oriented jobs.
Researchers identified genetic changes that led to the loss of E2A, a crucial gene regulator. The loss enables tumor cells to grow rapidly and uncontrolledly, contributing to the aggressive behavior of Sézary syndrome.
A national study in Australia found that most people would radically change their behavior if they knew they had a genetic susceptibility to depression. The survey suggests there would be widespread community support for genetic screening as a valuable tool for early intervention in high-risk groups.
New research reveals how C. elegans nematodes suppress exploratory head movements to evade predacious fungi, increasing survival chances. The study suggests a biological and ecological link between genes, molecules, neural circuits, and behavior.
A study on Southern Resident killer whales found that they mate within their own pods, leading to a reduction in genetic diversity. This behavior may be unique to the population's small size and could put them at risk of genetically deteriorating further.
A new study confirms that a low level of response (LR) to alcohol increases risk for heavy drinking and problems among adolescents. LR is related to more adverse outcomes through partial mediation by peer substance use, positive expectancies, and using alcohol to cope with stress.
A study published in Evolutionary Applications found that genetically modified Atlantic salmon can reproduce and pass their genes to the wild, posing a danger to wild populations. The research explores the potential reproductive implications of GM salmon as they are considered for commercial farming.
Researchers found that de novo mutations, genetic errors present in patients but not their parents, are more common in schizophrenic patients. This discovery may help define how the disease results from these mutations and develop new treatments.
A new study from Queen Mary University of London found that genetic traits contribute to female sexual orientation and gender nonconformity, with 25% influence on sexual orientation and 31% on childhood gender nonconformity.
Scientists have manipulated brain wiring responsible for reward-seeking behaviors using optogenetics, a technique that can tweak microcircuitry with millisecond precision. The study found that targeting the connection between the amygdala and nucleus accumbens may represent potential treatments for addiction and other neuropsychiatric ...
Researchers found that BPA-exposed male deer mice are less desirable to females, perform poorly on spatial navigation tasks, and exhibit random trial-and-error strategies. The study suggests that exposure to BPA during human development could be damaging to behavioral and cognitive traits unique to each sex.
Researchers developed BeeSpace Navigator, a free online software that uses semantic indexing to extract gene information from academic papers. The tool allows biologists to create custom searches and filters to find specific data, making it easier to interpret gene function.
A study examined the reliability of DSM-IV diagnosis of alcohol dependence, finding that certain variables predict a reliable diagnosis. The heritability of LTH-AD was estimated to be 71 percent, confirming the importance of genetic influences.
Researchers found that female zebra finches inherit the disposition for infidelity from their fathers, who had also engaged in promiscuity. This genetic predisposition increases the likelihood of extra-pair matings, despite costs for females.
A study published in Neuron identified many small genetic variations associated with autism, including a key region that may explain human social behavior. The research suggests that autism is caused by many small genetic defects rather than one major defect.
Researchers found that gut bacteria can influence brain chemistry and behavior, with changes in bacteria disrupting behavior and increasing symptoms of depression and anxiety. Disrupting the normal bacterial content of the gut with antibiotics also produced changes in behavior.
A study by UC Riverside psychologists found that potential users of direct-to-consumer genetic tests are influenced by perceived benefits and barriers to testing, as well as anticipated regret over testing versus not testing. Participants who received only positive information expressed greater intentions to pursue testing.
Researchers at Tufts University discovered that astrocytes play a crucial role in regulating circadian rhythms and sleep patterns. The study found that disrupting astrocyte function in fruit flies led to altered daily rhythms, indicating the importance of these glial cells in controlling circadian behavior.
A new study by researchers at the University of Michigan Health System has uncovered a link between genetic variations associated with alcoholism, impulsive behavior and a region of the brain involved in craving and anxiety. Variations in the GABRA2 gene contribute to the risk of alcoholism by influencing impulsive behaviors.
A study of nearly 2,700 adults with bipolar disorder found a genetic risk factor on chromosome 2 associated with increased attempts at self-harm. Genetic variants in the region were linked to a higher likelihood of attempting suicide, with those having two copies being almost three times as likely.
Researchers found that natural variations in several genes affect how quickly worms leave a lawn of bacteria. The tyra-3 gene is involved, producing a receptor activated by adrenaline-like hormones derived from the amino acid tyrosine.
Researchers have found that mice exhibit complex vocalizations with age, suggesting potential for vocal learning. However, a cross-fostering experiment suggests that mouse songs may be genetically determined. The debate over nature vs. nurture remains unresolved, highlighting the complexities of scientific research.
Experts warn that unrealistic expectations about genomic medicine have created a 'bubble' that must be deflated to ensure long-term benefits. They recommend reappraising funding priorities and promoting responsible scientific claims to avoid diversion of resources and premature implementation.
A new commentary by four experts cautions against inflated expectations in genomics research, highlighting the need for balance and realism. They recommend reevaluating funding priorities, fostering statistical rigor, and developing high-quality evidence before integrating genomic ideas into medical practice.
A new gene-spreading system has been proposed to control mosquito populations without pesticides. The system involves spreading disease-resisting genes in mosquito populations, rendering them infertile or killing females that mate with transgenic males.
Researchers at UC San Diego School of Medicine identified defects in two signaling pathways, Wnt and PS-1, associated with Lesch-Nyhan Disease. These findings also suggest common mechanisms for cognitive and behavioral defects in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
Researchers at the University of Exeter found that zebra finches with like-minded partners raised healthier chicks than those with dissimilar dispositions. The study suggests improved cooperation and coordination of effort may contribute to better parenting outcomes.
A new study reveals complex molecular mechanisms associated with chronic stress and its link to depression. The research found that genetic modifications, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, play a crucial role in determining susceptibility to depression.
Research published in GENETICS suggests that being around the opposite sex activates genes in fruit flies that cause them to perform certain courtship behaviors. This study provides insight into the complex genetic machinery that affects social interactions, potentially leading to new understanding of disorders such as autism.
A Texas A&M study shows that genes are activated in fruit flies when they interact with the opposite sex, affecting physiology and behavior. This discovery may lead to insights into disorders such as autism and has significant implications for understanding human social interactions.
A genetic variant of the HTR2B brain receptor molecule has been found to contribute to violent impulsivity, particularly when combined with alcohol consumption. The study, conducted by NIH researchers and their international collaborators, used human genetic analyses and gene knockout studies in mice to identify the mutation.
A new study challenges the traditional prisoner's dilemma paradigm by suggesting that incentives to cooperate can minimize conflict and change the game from pure conflict to partial cooperation. The research, published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B, finds that payoffs from social interactions can evolve under certain conditions...
Researchers found that marmots' social behavior has a genetic component, with aggression tolerance and friendly interactions heritable traits. The study, led by UCLA biologists, used social network statistics to analyze the behavior of yellow-bellied marmots over six years.
A new study by Binghamton University researchers suggests that individual differences in sexual behavior could be influenced by genetic variation, particularly the dopamine receptor D4 polymorphism. This gene is linked to sensation-seeking behavior, such as alcohol use and gambling, and may contribute to promiscuity and infidelity.
Researchers found that young birds with higher levels of glucocorticoid hormones tend to be more curious and proactive, but also more stressed. Stress causes a significant increase in glucocorticoids in fast nestlings compared to slow ones.
New research reveals that pheromonal cues alone can label another fly as a competitor, leading to male aggression. Behavioral cues also play a crucial role, with males attacking both male- and female-like flies.
Researchers found that fruit flies will attack females who smell and taste like males, and will court males with female-like patterns of behavior. By manipulating a gene that governs pheromonal profiles and behavioral cues, the study reveals the importance of behavioral feedback in aggression.
The Paul G. Allen Family Foundation has announced seven grants totaling $9.4 million for scientific research in neuroscience and cellular engineering. The grants will be awarded to researchers at universities and laboratories in Washington, California, Massachusetts, and New York, with a focus on advancing the study of aggression, neur...
A six-year study on migrating geese found that young birds learn their migratory destinations from parents, demonstrating a high concentration of related birds. This cultural inheritance may provide advantages such as better access to food and reproductive success.
A recent survey of DTC genetic testing customers reveals their motivations, attitudes, and responses to testing. The study found that early adopters are generally satisfied with services, citing curiosity, risk assessment, and ancestry as top reasons for purchasing tests.
A new study reveals that social and genetic effects are both crucial for female dolphins' reproductive success. Female dolphins who have help from their friends and relatives tend to be more successful mothers than those without such support.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute develop new strategies to identify collections of rare genetic variations associated with common conditions. By analyzing whole genomes, they aim to find genetic predispositions that can inform preventative medicine.
A new study from the University of California, San Diego, and Harvard University suggests that a specific variant of the DRD4 gene may contribute to liberal political views. Researchers found that individuals with this genetic variant were more likely to be liberal if they had an active social life in adolescence.
A high-resolution microarray has shed new light on Anopheles gambiae populations, revealing the genes that enable mosquitoes to adapt to insecticides and other preventive measures. This breakthrough provides powerful new insights into the genetics of malaria vectors, supporting public health efforts to contain and eliminate the disease.
Researchers at NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell report that gene therapy to the brain reverses depression-like behavior in mice, with human data backing up the promise of such therapy. Autopsy studies reveal significantly reduced levels of p11 protein in patients with severe depression.