Articles tagged with Immune Response
Tiny immune receptors on T-cells recognize antigens more effectively when clustered together, leading to improved immune response. This discovery could lead to new strategies to reprogram inactive T-cells and improve treatment for cancer and deadly infections.
A team of researchers has identified the genes controlled by Foxn1, a protein essential for thymus development and function. The study reveals that Foxn1 regulates vital functions in the postnatal thymus, providing insights into its role in autoimmune diseases, vaccination responses, and tumor defense.
Researchers discovered that rheumatoid arthritis patients taking IL-1beta inhibitors are 300 times more likely to experience invasive Group A Streptococcal infections, highlighting the molecule's critical role in sensing bacterial infections. The study also suggests that inhibiting this immune response can put patients at risk for infe...
The VesiVax system uses virus-like particles to induce strong immune responses against various diseases. Dr. Qizhi Cathy Yao is developing better adjuvants for pancreatic cancer and Chagas disease using the system.
Researchers suggest that duration of T-cell interactions with dendritic cells may be key to matching immune response to infection severity. Understanding this process could lead to advancements in vaccine development and the study of autoimmune diseases.
Researchers found that flu vaccines with adjuvants do not work as well in obese mice, highlighting the urgent need to understand vaccine response in obese humans. Obesity leaves individuals at increased risk for flu-related complications, including hospitalization and death.
A new study found that immunosuppressive drugs can alter visual performance in rats, which are commonly used for translational stem cell research. The findings have important implications for interpreting results of studies using these models.
Sorafenib treatment reduces immune-suppressive phenotypes in HCC patients, including decreased PD-1 expression and lower regulatory T cells. These responses correlate with increased overall survival.
Researchers discovered 122 genetic regions linked to immune cell infiltration in tumors, which could inform the development of future immunotherapies. The study analyzed a large public genomic database and identified new leads for cancer immunology research.
A new method called MICSSS helps characterize human cells involved in immune responses at the tissue site, before and after treatment with immunotherapy. This technique enables views of co-expression of markers on the same cells while sparing material from tissues.
A new study found that resilience is a key factor in determining individual response to childhood trauma at the molecular level. Researchers discovered that child soldiers with PTSD who demonstrated high resilience scores had comparable gene expression to civilian youths without PTSD symptoms.
Researchers found that immune checkpoint blockade improved survival and promoted immune cell infiltration into tumors when combined with an antitumor vaccine. The study suggests PD-1 and PD-L1 may help tumors evade vaccines, supporting testing of therapeutic combinations in clinical trials.
Researchers develop customizable RNA vaccines that can be manufactured in one week, inducing strong immune responses against various pathogens. The vaccines show 100% effectiveness in tests in mice, making them a promising alternative to traditional vaccines.
A new E. coli-based transport capsule has been developed to improve the efficiency of next-generation vaccines, with promising results in fighting pneumococcal disease. The capsule uses a harmless strain of E. coli wrapped in a synthetic polymer to deliver antigens and trigger an immune response.
The Baylor College of Medicine has been awarded over $1 million from the National Institutes of Health to lead a study on people infected with Zika virus. The study aims to inform diagnostic and infection control measures, as well as Zika vaccine development.
A study by UNC researchers found that vaping e-cigarettes alters dozens of genes essential for upper airway immune defense, similar to cigarette smoking. This discovery suggests that inhaling flavored liquids in e-cigarettes has consequences on epithelial cell gene expression, potentially increasing the risk of respiratory problems.
A study published in PLOS NTDs examined the immune response to a bivalent whole cell oral cholera vaccine in Haitian adults. The researchers found that the booster dose after 2 weeks did not stimulate the immune system further, suggesting an optimal dosing schedule may be needed.
Researchers at University of Notre Dame develop new T cell receptor technology to enhance immune system's ability to target specific cancer antigens. The engineered receptors allow for a more directed and accurate immune response against cancer cells.
A study by Cornell University researchers found genetic links between horse immune function and the papillomavirus that causes sarcoid skin tumors. The findings suggest a complex mix of virus, host genes, and tumor development, with relevance to related human conditions like cervical cancer.
New evidence suggests that even with a healthy diet, defects in immune system function from birth can contribute to malnourished states throughout life. Researchers propose targeting immune pathways as a potential approach to reducing poor health and mortality caused by under- and overnutrition.
A new study reveals that suppressing a key protein, Chitinase 3-like-1 (CHI3L1), restores multiple antitumor responses in the lungs of mice, preventing cancer spread. Researchers tested an intervention that boosted the RIG-like helicase pathway, which counteracts CHI3L1's effects and decreases tumor-inducing responses.
A recent study by Dr. Susanne Wolf found that white blood cells act as an intermediary between the gut microbiome and the brain, playing a crucial role in neurogenesis and memory function. The research suggests that antibiotics may disrupt this communication pathway, leading to impaired neurogenesis and memory deterioration.
Researchers found that viral adaptation in HIV can predict a person's current disease status, as well as the degree to which newly transmitted HIV-1 is adapted to their new host. This knowledge can help design more effective vaccines by focusing on parts of the virus that are most difficult to undergo adaptation.
Researchers discovered that cancer cells can escape the immune system by disabling the NLRC5 gene, which regulates MHC class I genes. This finding provides a new biomarker for predicting cancer patient survival and could lead to novel therapeutic strategies.
Researchers found that a potent antibody can evoke a strong immune response in humans and accelerate the clearance of infected cells. The study revealed that administering this antibody to HIV patients can lead to a significant reduction in viral loads.
A new study reveals that laboratory mice infected with common human viruses develop an immune system similar to newborn humans, but unlike adult humans. This finding suggests that the lack of infection may be a reason why research mice differ from humans.
Biologist Anthony Gitter is using a $900,000 NSF CAREER award to develop new methods for analyzing complex biological data. He hopes to create more accurate models of gene and protein interactions by mapping out dynamic processes like the immune response.
Researchers found that curcumin successfully removes Mycobacterium tuberculosis from infected cells in culture by inhibiting the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B. The study suggests a potential new treatment for drug-resistant tuberculosis that could be less prone to resistance development.
Hailing Jin, a UC Riverside professor of plant pathology and microbiology, received $1.25 million from the National Institutes of Health to study small RNA machinery in plant immunity. She will also receive $700,000 from the National Science Foundation to investigate RNA trafficking pathways between pathogens and hosts.
Research from North Carolina State University found that eusocial insects with larger colonies exhibit weaker immune responses. The study suggests that hygiene behaviors play a key role in keeping these insects healthy, rather than just immune systems.
Researchers found that climate change increases soil-transmitted parasites in pastures, leading to increased infection risk. The study also showed that host immune response affects the severity of infection, with older individuals carrying more severe infections when immune response is ineffective.
Researchers designed a new compound HB36.6 to target the HA stem region of influenza viruses, offering broad-spectrum protection against different strains. The study found that HB36.6 provided better protection than Oseltamivir and showed synergy when combined with low-dose post-infection treatment.
Experts offer guidance for pregnant women to avoid mosquitoes, while debating the need for annual physicals in patients. The ACIP releases its 2016 Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule with major changes to HPV and pneumococcal vaccines.
A study found that older individuals and those with neuroinvasive disease have elevated and atypical T cell responses, promoting pathogenic outcomes. The researchers suggest that immune-mediated damage may contribute to neurologic symptoms in West Nile Virus infection.
Researchers found that a type of lung cell acts like a sensor, linking the lungs and nervous system to regulate immune responses. This discovery may lead to new treatments for pulmonary diseases such as asthma and cystic fibrosis.
A study by Tufts University researchers found that high folic acid intake causes a lowered immune response in aged mice, particularly affecting natural killer cells. The study used an aged mouse model and found that excess folic acid impaired NK cell development, leading to reduced immunity against viral infections and cancer.
A Yale University study found that the hormone FGF21 protects against age-related loss of immune function by promoting T cell production. Increasing FGF21 levels may be an additional strategy to bolster immune function in the elderly or cancer patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation.
Researchers found that high doses of vitamin D3 supplements reduced inflammation and disease activity in people with relapsing-remitting MS. The study suggests vitamin D may be a potential treatment option for managing MS symptoms.
A Stanford University School of Medicine team identified a distinctive pattern of gene expression that distinguishes people with a viral infection from those with a bacterial infection. The meta-virus signature is present even before symptoms appear and can predict up to 24 hours before illness onset.
A systems biology study of over 400 volunteers found that certain molecular signatures predict strong immune responses to seasonal flu vaccines in both young and elderly individuals. The researchers identified a distinct signature associated with long-lasting antibody responses, which may guide the development of more effective vaccines.
A new study from the University of Rochester found that early life exposures to toxic chemicals like PCBs and DDE reduce infants' responses to vaccines. The research, which analyzed blood samples from over 500 mother-infant pairs in eastern Slovakia, shows that even small changes can lead to long-term immune system dysfunction.
A study published in PLOS Pathogens suggests that blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway can increase regulatory T cell numbers and virus production, while also boosting killer T cell proliferation. The researchers found that this approach may be beneficial for HIV-infected patients, but only when combined with antiretroviral treatment.
Late-treatment HIV patients with low CD4 levels progress to AIDS at high rates if immune response isn't recovered. However, if viral load is undetectable and CD4 counts rise above 200, mortality and progression decrease.
A blood test can predict how quickly patients recover from surgery by identifying their unique immune state before the procedure, according to a new study. This simple test may help personalize recovery approaches and have a significant impact on perioperative medicine.
Researchers identified how Salmonella infections trigger thrombosis through inflammation regulation and platelet activation. Thrombosis persisted even after bacteria were cleared from the blood, highlighting a previously unknown pathway involved in sepsis complications.
Researchers have discovered that the antigen-presenting protein MHC1 must 'wriggle' in a specific way to perform its vital functions, which could lead to new immunotherapies for diseases. The findings also have potential applications for reducing allergic reactions by understanding how additives are detected by the immune system.
Researchers have developed a new RSV vaccine candidate that has shown promising early results in young children, eliciting more antibodies than previous candidates. The vaccine uses a genetically engineered version of the virus with a deleted M2-2 protein to induce a stronger immune response.
Researchers have developed methods to overcome technical limitations in studying the immune system, allowing for investigation of interdependent components and their impact on functions at the systems level. The new book provides valuable insights into team science and the application of computational tools to model immunity.
Researchers believe that tick spit proteins, such as alpha-gal, can cause severe allergic reactions in humans. A vaccine could be created to target these proteins, potentially providing protection against tick bite allergies.
A study published in Nature found that guppies evolved 135 genes in response to a new environment, with most changes affecting biological processes like metabolism and immune function. However, the initial response was often opposite to the eventual evolutionary change, suggesting that genes can adapt quickly in the short term.
Researchers at Washington State University discovered that altering the timing of an animal's sleep can have a significant impact on its immune response and overall sleep quality. The study found that mice with disrupted circadian cycles had blunted or overactive immune responses, making them more susceptible to illness.
A team of researchers at the La Jolla Institute for Immunology has identified LEF-1 and TCF-1 as master regulators that control the fate of T follicular helper cells. These transcription factors pre-program CD4+ T cells to respond to TFH induction signals, making them crucial for inducing a strong and lasting antibody response.
The article highlights Stanley Perlman's career journey from studying mouse viruses to researching human coronaviruses like SARS and MERS. His work demonstrates the importance of basic research in understanding virus interactions with the immune system, which can inform strategies for preventing or treating diseases.
A clinical trial testing an Ebola vaccine developed on a new cell line is underway in Senegal, aiming to provide a rapid response to outbreaks. The trial uses two vaccines, ChAd3-EBO Z and MVA-EBO Z, which have shown excellent safety profiles and promise for low-cost mass production.
The study demonstrates how the microbiota acts on the balance of the immune system, specifically blocking type 2 immune responses that lead to allergic reactions. By stimulating type 3 cells, which coordinate phagocytosis and killing of microbes, the researchers provide an innovative therapeutic approach for allergy treatment.
Researchers characterize immune proteins that recognize and eliminate virus, providing insight into developing a potent Nab response against different HIV subtypes. Studies examine the efficacy of Nabs in blocking direct cell-to-cell transmission of HIV, highlighting the importance of controlling virus replication via this pathway.
A team of researchers has found a way to measure the aging process in young adults, revealing that some people are aging three times faster than their peers. The study used biomarkers such as kidney function, liver health, and telomere length to determine biological age and pace of aging.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center tested two methods to preserve cognition in laboratory mice with Alzheimer's disease. Immune cells from bone marrow and a drug for multiple sclerosis were found to travel into the brain, resisting abnormalities associated with the condition. The study showed measurable benefits in mice.
Researchers report that statins and angiotensin receptor blockers, commonly used for heart disease, can stabilize endothelial cells lining blood vessels in Ebola patients. This approach may improve survival rates in infected individuals by bolstering the immune system.
Researchers found that innate lymphoid cells in males produce a protein that protects against the disease, while female mice remain inactive and do not produce this protein. This discovery opens up new avenues for investigation into sex-determined disease susceptibility.