Articles tagged with Virus Testing
The Xpert test improved same-day diagnosis and reduced treatment drop-out rates in a real-life clinical setting. However, it did not reduce the severity of TB-related illness or overall number of cases treated.
A national study led by the University of Miami's Miller School found that brief patient-centered counseling before rapid HIV testing has no significant impact on subsequent STD acquisition. Instead, resources should be devoted to universal testing that can detect more HIV cases earlier and link newly infected individuals to treatment.
Researchers found no difference in STI incidence between those receiving risk-reduction counseling and those with information only. The study suggests that post-test counseling for those testing positive remains essential for addressing psychological needs and ensuring medical care, while a more focused approach to providing informatio...
A study found that brief risk-reduction counseling at the time of HIV testing did not reduce new sexually transmitted infections (STIs) over a 6-month period. The counseling, which focused on specific risk behaviors and achievable steps, had no significant impact on STI rates among participants.
A new DNA test, Xpert MTB/RIF, has shown high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing tuberculous meningitis (TBM) in HIV-infected individuals. The test was compared to smear microscopy and demonstrated improved performance, especially after centrifuging the sample. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Researchers identified a host blood RNA transcriptional signature that can form the basis of a simple diagnostic test to differentiate TB from latent TB and other diseases. The test showed high sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing between these conditions, with promising results for potential use in African health facilities.
A genomic test developed by researchers at Duke University Medical Center shows over 90% accuracy in distinguishing between viral and bacterial infections. The test detects a specific genetic signature expressed by the immune system in response to viruses, providing a potential new method for diagnosing infectious diseases.
A new technology developed by Brown University researchers simplifies biomolecule separation using microfluidics and magnets, increasing accuracy and sensitivity in disease detection. The technique has great applicability for point-of-care platforms and specific applications include testing for HIV and influenza.
A new approach uses carbohydrates to detect flu viruses and determine specific strains, potentially leading to faster and more effective treatment. This technology could provide a much-needed home test for diagnosing influenza quickly before antiviral drugs are lost.
Researchers at University of Southampton have discovered new markers of tuberculosis that may help in developing new diagnostic tests and treatments. Lung damage releases specific proteins, which can be used to screen individuals and halt transmission between population groups.
Researchers found that community-based pharmacies can be effective locations for offering rapid HIV testing and connecting those who test positive with medical care quickly. The study used five community-based pharmacies in the Bronx and Manhattan to test hard-to-reach individuals, resulting in six positive cases and improved access to...
A randomized trial found that universal HIV screening in emergency departments detected nearly as many cases as targeted screening, despite requiring fewer tests. The study suggests that broad criteria and sufficient resources can detect most cases with reduced testing numbers.
Chemists at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz developed a new method for parallel protein analysis, detecting hundreds or thousands of different proteins. The test strips bearing gold nano-particles can identify specific proteins in tiny samples, making it suitable for rapid disease diagnosis and environmental toxin detection.
A small study at Massachusetts General Hospital found evidence of nerve damage in approximately half of fibromyalgia patients, leading to the identification of a treatable disease called small-fiber polyneuropathy (SFPN). Researchers hope that this discovery will lead to better treatments for some with chronic pain syndrome.
Researchers isolated Heartland virus in tick populations in northwestern Missouri, confirming its role as a human pathogen. The virus causes severe illness with fever, headaches, and low white blood cell counts, with no treatment available.
Researchers found community pharmacists want a more active role in HIV treatment, aiming to build relationships with customers during test sales. Pharmacists believe their role can help strengthen healthcare infrastructure, particularly in rural areas where stigmatized feelings hinder testing and care.
A new guide from the Infectious Diseases Society of America and American Society for Microbiology provides guidance on using laboratory tests to diagnose infectious diseases. The guide highlights key findings, including the importance of accurate lab results and proper specimen collection and management.
A recent study found that many obstetrician-gynecologists continue to provide annual cervical-cancer screenings despite updated guidelines. The research suggests less frequent screening every three years can retain most benefits while reducing harms and costs. Experts recommend a more balanced approach to cervical cancer screening.
Less than one third of obstetrician-gynecologists vaccinate patients against HPV, while only half follow cervical cancer prevention guidelines. Physician-patient interactions are a major barrier to guideline implementation.
A new report by George Washington University researchers finds that many Medicaid beneficiaries lack access to essential preventive services. The study highlights gaps in coverage for critical services such as screening tests for colorectal cancer, high blood cholesterol, HIV infection, and diet counseling for obesity prevention.
Tel Aviv University researchers used a method to modify the levels of the protein tomosyn in the mouse hippocampus, leading to a decline in learning and memorization abilities. The study suggests that adjusting tomosyn levels may help increase cognition and combat memory loss in Alzheimer's patients.
Scientists have developed a safety test for human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) that can identify unwanted cells forming tumours and assess cell stability. The breakthrough could improve the quality of iPS cells and lead to safer cell therapies.
In the UK, healthcare staff cannot test unconscious patients for HIV without consent, despite the risk of infection and potential psychological impact. Experts argue that changing the law would protect both patients and healthcare workers.
Researchers developed optics-based methods for determining viral load by counting individual virus particles, allowing for faster and cheaper testing. These new methods could conduct measurements in a medical office or hospital instead of a laboratory, providing rapid results and fast turnaround.
The newly reported technique can greatly speed the process of discovering therapeutic antibodies with desired biological effects. The team discovered an antibody that potently mimics thrombopoietin, a hormone essential for blood clotting.
Researchers have created a low-cost and accurate method for detecting prostate cancer in urine, potentially leading to early diagnosis and improved treatment outcomes. The technology uses nanoscale protein receptors to capture cancer molecule signals, offering a promising alternative to existing tests that can be costly and invasive.
A study published in PLOS Medicine reveals that Mycoplasma pneumoniae is carried at high rates in the upper respiratory tracts of healthy children. The researchers found no significant difference in prevalence between asymptomatic and symptomatic groups, highlighting limitations in current diagnostic tests.
A study found that training women to self-collect genital samples for HPV testing can increase cervical cancer screening coverage in Kenya. Self-collection showed strong agreement with physician-collected samples, indicating its potential as a viable means to detect cervical lesions.
Scientists confirm H7N9 transmission from birds to humans in China, with four confirmed cases and symptoms similar to H5N1 influenza. No evidence of person-to-person transmission, but genetic analysis suggests the virus may adapt for more efficient transmission.
A new study warns that widespread adoption of the 'test and treat' policy for HIV could lead to a significant increase in multi-drug resistant HIV cases. The study suggests that this approach could double the number of MDR cases among men who have sex with men (MSM) in LA County over the next 10 years.
Researchers developed computer models that accurately predict how patients with failing HIV treatments will respond to new therapies, identifying alternative effective regimens. The models were trained on thousands of global clinic data and showed promise for improving patient outcomes in resource-limited settings.
A randomized controlled study found that computer-generated reminders significantly improved compliance with patient care guidelines in a pediatric HIV clinic in Eldoret, Kenya. The study resulted in a four-fold increase in completion of overdue clinical tasks, including laboratory tests and referrals.
A diagnostic 'cocktail' containing a single drop of blood, a dribble of water, and a dose of DNA powder with gold particles can mean rapid diagnosis and treatment of the world's leading diseases. The technology uses nanoparticles to target and illuminate cancer cells and tumours.
A new mobile device can perform laboratory-quality HIV testing in just 15 minutes and sync results with patient health records globally. It also detects weakly positive samples missed by existing rapid tests, revolutionizing diagnosis and treatment for people in resource-limited settings.
Researchers at Duke University developed a genomic signature to diagnose flu and staph infections, distinguishing between infected and uninfected individuals with high accuracy. This approach could lead to earlier diagnoses, reduced antibiotic misuse, and improved treatment decisions.
A new rapid test for tuberculosis has been found to substantially reduce TB deaths and improve treatment in southern Africa. The study found that implementing the test would prevent an estimated 132,000 TB cases and 182,000 TB deaths over 10 years.
Researchers compare three immunoassay methods to detect EBV infection in patients with mononucleosis or immunosuppressed adult liver transplant recipients. The study suggests that molecular tests identifying early protein markers may have value for diagnosing active infection.
A new test has been found to be more effective and cheaper than traditional cytology testing for women following pre-cervical cancer treatment. The study suggests that using HPV testing as a 'test of cure' can help avoid recurrence of cervical cancer and reduce the burden on healthcare systems.
A new HIV test developed at Northwestern University is being tested in Mozambique to deliver a diagnosis in under an hour. The test has a 95% accuracy rate and could significantly improve the rates of infected infants being diagnosed and treated, potentially saving thousands of lives.
A new study has shown that rapid and point-of-care hepatitis C tests are highly accurate and reliable, with accuracy rates ranging from 97 to 99%. These tests have the potential to transform global screening practices and improve treatment outcomes for millions of infected individuals worldwide.
The HPV Chemicals Challenge Program initially had the potential to use 3.5 million animals but ultimately reduced the number to 127,000 through PETA's involvement and implementation of animal-saving measures. The program's data collection process was found to be lengthy, disorganized, and inefficient.
Researchers at BIDMC and Diagnostics For All have created a simple and reliable point-of-care liver function test that can be conducted for pennies per test. The device uses a droplet of blood from a finger prick to deliver results in 15 minutes, with greater than 90 percent accuracy compared to the gold standard automated platform test.
A new study found that 70% of reported cases receive a physician's diagnosis for their child's food allergy, but only 1 in 5 receives an oral food challenge test. Lower-income and minority households are more likely to have undiagnosed food allergies, with 32% not receiving diagnostic testing.
A new ultra-sensitive biosensor can identify single virus particles in solution, revolutionizing early disease detection. The technique detects smaller viruses like Polio and antibody proteins, which could diagnose diseases earlier and speed up treatment.
A recent study published in the journal AIDS and Behavior found that HIV home testing kits are a cost-effective and acceptable tool for preventing HIV transmission among men who have sex with men. The kits were found to be particularly effective in encouraging individuals to disclose their HIV status, leading to reduced risk of transmi...
A rural Ugandan parish experienced a substantial decrease in HIV virus levels within one year following two community health campaigns that provided free counseling, testing, and treatment. The SEARCH study found that 55% of HIV-positive individuals had undetectable viral loads, compared to an estimated 20-30% in the US.
A community health campaign in Uganda tested 4,343 people for HIV and offered testing, treatment, and prevention services for malaria, tuberculosis, diabetes, and hypertension. The campaign demonstrated the feasibility of rapid testing and linkage to care in resource-poor settings.
A new study suggests that HIV-positive women with normal Pap tests and negative HPV tests can safely reduce cervical cancer screening frequency. The study found similar rates of cervical precancer and cancer in HIV-positive and HIV-negative women, paving the way for co-testing to reduce unnecessary screenings.
A recent study published in JAMA found that HIV-infected women with normal cervical cytology and negative oncogenic HPV DNA had a similar risk of cervical precancer and cancer to uninfected women over a 5-year period. The study's findings suggest that current screening guidelines may need to be revised for HIV-infected women.
A novel approach using a gift card incentive is being tested in a new HIV study. Patients who adhere to HIV treatment regularly can receive rewards and motivation through the program, which aims to improve patient engagement and viral suppression.
Scientists at Scripps Research Institute developed a new chemical-screening method to find anti-HIV compounds targeting the nucleocapsid protein. The method yielded two effective and safe inhibitors with demonstrated anti-HIV activity in cell culture tests, offering hope for the development of new HIV treatments.
The Singapore-developed H5N1 diagnostic kit can detect all known strains of the virus in a single test within hours. This allows for rapid diagnosis and effective infection control intervention.
Researchers have developed a super-sensitive test that can detect signs of a disease in its earliest stages, enabling more reliable diagnosis. The new biosensor test uses nanoscopic-sized gold stars to detect specific molecules associated with diseases like prostate cancer.
A microfluidic chip test has been developed to detect latent tuberculosis, promising to be cheaper and faster than current methods. The test uses a novel approach to detect interferon-gamma in blood samples, triggering an electrical signal for diagnosis.
Researchers use molecular signatures to detect mutated virus strains, identifying characteristic changes in cells. The technique helps predict the severity of infection and assess potential impact on health.
UCLA researchers have developed a compact and cost-effective RDT-reading device that works in tandem with standard cell phones. The platform can read nearly every type of RDT, eliminating manual decision-making errors. It wirelessly transmits results to a global server, creating maps charting disease spread worldwide.
Researchers introduce a new 'prediction-based classification' system to reduce the burden of monitoring patients on ART, potentially saving 54% of CD4 tests. The algorithm can prioritize patients who may need routine CD4 count tests, increasing capacity and resources for life-saving treatment.
Researchers found antibodies that can prevent infection from widely differing strains of HCV in cell culture and animal models. The newly discovered antibodies attach to sites on the viral envelope that seldom mutate, making them promising targets for an HCV vaccine.
A standard food test may fail to detect milk proteins that cause a common childhood allergy, leading to itchy skin and other symptoms. The test's limitations could be improved to better protect consumers with milk allergies.
Researchers developed a disposable microfluidic chip that provides accurate, point-of-care flu diagnosis, replacing expensive lab tests. The chip extracts RNA from Influenza A virus and replicates the sample for detection, producing faster and cheaper results.