Articles tagged with Interferon Signaling
A study of 50 COVID-19 patients revealed a distinctive 'hallmark' of severe disease, characterized by interferon deficiency and exacerbated inflammation. This signature may inform therapeutic approaches combining interferon supplementation with anti-inflammatory treatments.
A new study has identified a molecular pathway responsible for the progression and spread of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). By blocking the signaling pathway, researchers found that tumors grew and spread more slowly. The findings suggest that patients with low ELF5 protein levels should be given interferon-gamma signaling-block...
A Penn study reveals that tipping the balance of 'stop' and 'go' signaling in the interferon pathway can predict which patients are likely to respond to immunotherapies. Blocking the signal in cancer cells helps the immune system fight off tumors, offering potential therapeutic implications.
Researchers at the George Washington University found dermcidin, an antimicrobial peptide, is downregulated in hidradenitis suppurativa skin, suggesting its role in disease pathogenesis. The study suggests multiple biological pathways are disrupted in HS, warranting further investigation into new therapeutic options.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center used cryo-electron microscopy to determine the near-atomic structure of the smallest membrane protein solved to date. The study reveals new insights into the primitive function of the cGAS-STING pathway, which could lead to better immunotherapies for cancer and autoimmune diseases.
Researchers have identified a therapy derived from parasitic worms that can downregulate proinflammatory pathways and reduce inflammation caused by chemotherapy. The treatment, IPSE, targets the source of inflammation, reversing damage to the bladder lining.
Researchers found that HIV disables a pathway involving biological molecules that block viral activity and clear infection, allowing the virus to avoid elimination. The discovery opens a new era of HIV research focused on curing people living with the virus.
A study published in Science Immunology suggests that Zika virus triggers an immune response that can cause abnormal placental development and restricted fetal growth. Researchers found that the immune system's antiviral proteins, known as type I interferons, can be detrimental to fetal development if present in excess.
Researchers have discovered a critical role for type III interferon signaling in controlling Yellow Fever Virus (YFV) infection, particularly in preventing viral brain invasion and maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity. This finding provides new insights into the complex mechanisms regulating YFV infection.
A new detection method allows for the measurement of interferon- protein levels in patient samples, providing novel insights into disease-causing pathways and potential biomarkers for treatment monitoring. Elevated interferon- levels were found in autoimmune diseases such as SLE and dermatomyositis.
Researchers identified cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) as the protein responsible for detecting viral infection, but dengue virus counteracts this by degrading cGAS. This study sheds light on a novel mechanism by which viruses evade immune detection and may inform techniques to dampen pro-inflammatory responses.
Researchers have developed a technique to precisely track the replication of yellow fever virus in individual host immune cells. The method could aid in the development of new vaccines against a range of viruses, including Dengue and Zika.
Researchers found that Zika virus disrupts interferon signaling in dendritic cells, a crucial step in the immune response. Another antiviral pathway called RIG-I-like receptor signaling remains intact and could be targeted for immunity-boosting therapies.
Research shows that blocking type I interferon signaling can enhance the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (cART) in HIV-infected mice. By targeting IFN-I signaling, antibodies were able to reduce chronic immune activation and viral load, leading to improved infection management.
Researchers found that blocking tumor interferon pathway with a JAK inhibitor improves checkpoint inhibitor drugs and bypasses the need for combinations, which often come with serious side effects. The study suggests a new approach to addressing cancer immunotherapies' limitations.
Houston Methodist researchers identified a set of immune proteins that facilitate long-lasting immunity against malaria. The study found that elevated production of specific proteins regulating the immune system within 24 hours of infection was required for sustained anti-malaria immunity.
Researchers identified Zika virus protein NS5 as a promising target for vaccines, inhibiting human interferon responses by blocking STAT2 protein. The study found altered or removed NS5 could trigger the human immune system to attack the virus, making it a potential vaccine candidate.
A study in mice reveals how antiviral immune response alters brain activity, impairing neuronal firing in the hippocampus and causing depressive-like behavior. The CXCL10/CXCR3 signaling pathway acts as a bridge between rising interferon levels and changes in neuronal activity, explaining mood changes.
Scientists at Washington University School of Medicine have found a new component of the interferon system that enhances the body's innate immune defenses while attacking a protein relied on by many viruses. This dual mechanism could lead to effective antiviral drugs and may explain improved survival rates in genetically engineered mice.
Researchers at Hiroshima University discovered that Sendai virus C protein inhibits STAT1 activation after interferon stimulation, enabling the virus to evade the host immune response. This finding opens up new avenues for developing anti-viral drugs to overcome damage caused by interferons.
SLU researchers suggest approach to fight common virus in immunosuppressed patients by targeting Type 1 interferon pathway. The study found that disrupting the STAT2 gene in Syrian hamsters resulted in 100-1,000 times more virus replication compared to wild-type control animals.
Researchers found that type II interferon signals cause the release of CXCL10, an attractant for cells promoting inflammation. This study provides a new impetus for treating colitis with antibodies or direct administration of type III interferons.
Researchers at TSRI found that interferon beta has an immune-suppressing effect that can help some viruses establish persistent infections, including HIV and hepatitis B and C. Blocking IFNβ signaling may lead to the development of new treatments for these infections.
Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania have identified a molecular link between DNA damage, cellular senescence, and premature aging. The study found that interferon signaling ramps up in response to double-stranded DNA breaks, prompting cells to enter senescence.
Researchers have found genetic markers in blood samples associated with gene networks regulating innate immune function and interferon signaling, offering insights into the pathophysiology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The study suggests that these molecular signatures may be used to predict who is at risk of developing PTSD.
Researchers discovered a common signaling mechanism that produces interferon, a key protein in the immune system. This finding could lead to developing medications to treat human diseases such as lupus, which affects over 1.5 million Americans.
A study published in Cell Host & Microbe reveals how the Ebola virus blocks the body's first line of defense against infection. By targeting a specific protein called eVP24, the virus cripples the immune system's ability to respond effectively, allowing it to mass-produce itself and trigger a deadly response.
Researchers have identified a gene linked to STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI), a devastating autoinflammatory condition. Repurposed drugs, such as tofacitinib and ruxolitinib, show therapeutic potential in laboratory studies and are currently being studied in children with the disease.
Researchers have discovered that cells in the olfactory bulb release signaling molecules that trigger anti-viral interferon production in uninfected brain regions, preventing virus spread. The study shows promising potential for understanding and treating brain-infectious diseases.
A comparative medicine study by Penn vet scientists identifies a new strategy for enhancing the effects of interferon in fighting off infection. The research suggests that targeting a particular molecule, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 B (PTP1B), can boost the activity of a person's own interferon.
Scientists have reduced graft-versus-host disease, a life-threatening complication of stem cell transplants, by altering the circulation and trafficking of donor T-cells. The new approach maintains the therapeutic anti-leukemia effect while minimizing harm to healthy tissues.
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine identified a cancer drug, idarubicin, that enhances the human body's innate antiviral system. The new strategy screens large numbers of existing drugs to find compounds that activate genes boosting natural immunity.
Scientists at UMass Chan Medical School discovered a novel DNA-sensing pathway that contributes to the triggering of an innate immune response in malaria. This pathway leads to the production of excessive type-1 interferon, causing inflammation and fever in patients.
Researchers have identified NLRC5 as a key regulator of two critical immune pathways, NF-κB and type I interferon signaling. Reducing NLRC5 levels leads to increased immune responses and antiviral immunity, highlighting its role in regulating innate immunity.
A Stanford University study found that disrupting the interferon pathway, a critical immune signaling mechanism, can lead to cancer progression and impaired immune response. This defect was detected in patients with breast, melanoma, and gastrointestinal cancers, suggesting a possible explanation for treatment failures.
Researchers identified three pathways common to in vitro and in vivo dengue virus infections, including the NF-kappaB initiated immune pathway, type I interferon pathway, and ubiquitin proteasome pathway. Inhibiting these pathways resulted in significant inhibition of viral replication, suggesting new avenues for drug development.
The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) regulates $3 billion stem cell research with 'high ethical standards' and five objectives. CIRM-developed regulations include informed consent processes for human embryonic stem cell research, protecting oocyte donors' rights.
A study identifies human Tyk2 deficiency and links it to multiple cytokine signals critical for human immune responses. Unlike mouse models, which showed partial impairment in IFN signaling, humans with functional Tyk2 exhibited severe defects in multiple cytokine signals, including IL-12 and IFN-α.
Researchers discovered that West Nile virus blocks immune signaling by a protein receptor, allowing it to replicate and spread. The African strain does not block this activity, making it harmless to the immune system. Harnessing this strain could lead to vaccine development against North American strains.
Researchers have developed a method to enhance the responsiveness of Stat1 protein, allowing for more efficient interferon signaling. This could lead to improved therapeutic benefits and reduced side effects for patients with hepatitis C, multiple sclerosis, and other conditions.
A recent study has associated high expression of interferon-inducible genes with increased disease severity in SLE patients, including kidney disease. The findings suggest that determining the expression of these genes may help select patients for clinical studies.
Researchers discover how hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicates unchecked despite the presence of immune defenses triggered by the RIG-I protein. HCV produces a viral protease that disrupts the signaling pathway, allowing it to continue replication. Protease inhibitors show promise in treating HCV and possibly other viral infections