Articles tagged with Control Groups
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers found that Al-plastic mulch and companion plants increase watermelon and muskmelon yields while reducing cucumber beetles. The study suggests that these organic methods can be effective in controlling pest populations, potentially leading to increased crop productivity.
A study found that using sleep to manage tension-type headache pain can lead to decreased homeostatic drive for sleep and worsen insomnia. Women in the study reported going to sleep as a way of managing their headaches, with 81% finding it an effective strategy.
A study of 15 coordinated care programs for Medicare beneficiaries found that only two resulted in reduced hospital admissions, with none generating net savings. The programs aimed to improve care and reduce costs for patients with chronic illnesses, but their effectiveness was limited.
A Michigan State University study found that providing home pregnancy tests to women who have unprotected sex can increase their vigilance about potential pregnancy and lead to better prenatal care. The intervention resulted in women suspecting they might be pregnant almost twice as often and having a pregnancy test more frequently.
A study found that exercise boosts physical and mental well-being in postmenopausal women, improving aspects such as bodily pain, general health perception, and social functioning. The research suggests that the benefits of exercise are dose-dependent and independent of weight loss.
A new study found that people who experience social rejection tend to see others' actions as hostile and behave hurtfully. Those in control groups did not react in the same way, suggesting emotional response may not play a role in aggression.
Researchers found that mild electrical current to a motor control area of the brain improved motor task performance significantly. The technique has potential for enhancing rehabilitation for individuals with brain injuries.
Researchers found that patients who received telephone support had 35% fewer complaints of pain and discomfort compared to those in the control group. They also reported fewer anxiety, depression, and mobility problems.
A randomized control trial of 150 healthy adult women showed that MyFitness Planner resulted in increased walking and total moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. The study found that participants who clicked more links in update emails trended toward greater activity, regardless of socio-economic or education status.
Patients with PAD who participated in supervised treadmill exercise showed significant improvements in walking endurance and quality of life. The exercise program also improved walking performance for those without classic symptoms of pain in the leg muscles.
Researchers found that administering antibiotics as a preventive measure to patients in intensive care units increases their chances of survival, with a reduction of 3.5% in ICU deaths. The study involved nearly 6,000 patients and showed that using antibiotics resulted in fewer deaths compared to standard ICU care.
A three-year study involving over 3,400 chronically ill seniors found that deaths among patients in a proactive care management program were significantly lower than those in the control group. Hospitalizations were also slightly lower for patients in the intervention group, with a notable benefit for those with diabetes.
A study found that nasal obstruction is associated with increased risk of daytime sleepiness and snoring. However, allergies alone do not increase the risk of these conditions. The researchers suggest that treating nasal obstruction may improve sleep quality in patients with sinonasal diseases.
A traditional Mediterranean diet combined with a daily serving of mixed nuts appears to be useful for managing some metabolic abnormalities in older adults. The study found that the nut group had a significant decrease in large waist circumference, triglycerides, and blood pressure compared to the control group.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have shown that distinct groups of proteins each control one of four simple activities involved in the cells' collective migration. The study overturns an assumption common in genomics and provides a powerful tool for developing new therapeutics.
Researchers present new approaches to identifying asthma triggers using in-home photography, while tadalafil shows promise as an adjunct therapy for PAH. In-hospital statin use may lower mortality rates in patients with severe sepsis. Flexible bronchoscopy also proves safe for retrieving aspirated metallic pins from Muslim scarves.
A woman with phonagnosia, unable to recognize her daughter's voice on the phone, undergoes tests that reveal difficulties in recognizing famous actors' voices but not other sounds or music. The study suggests there may be more people with similar conditions, and researchers seek contact from potential sufferers.
A recent study published in Psychological Science found that socially rejected individuals are particularly good at discerning fake smiles from real ones. This may be because they have an increased motivation to be accepted and are more sensitive to specific social cues indicating opportunities for inclusion.
In a six-month study, young adults who followed low-calorie diets with nutritionally sound results experienced weight loss without significant bone loss. However, markers of bone resorption were increased across all groups, while those for formation were decreased in the calorie restriction group.
A large prospective study found that rhinitis is a powerful predictor of adult-onset asthma, with non-allergic and allergic rhinitis groups showing significant increased risks. The study suggests that treating allergic rhinitis may reduce the incidence of asthma, but more research is needed to confirm this.
A study explores the connection between intestinal mucosa barrier function and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), finding that impaired barrier function may contribute to the disease's pathogenesis. The research suggests that lipid peroxidation reactions in intestinal tissue could be a key factor in NASH.
A cognitive behavioural therapy-based programme delivered by primary health workers significantly reduced maternal depression in resource-poor settings. The study also found improvements in infant health, including lower diarrheal episodes and increased vaccine completion.
Research found that small packages trigger consumers to give in to temptation, while large packages are perceived as innocent pleasures, leading to overindulgence. Consumers believe that small packages help regulate hedonistic consumption, but reality shows the opposite.
An international team of engineers is developing mission-critical control software for future European robotic space missions. The project aims to improve the reliability of control systems required for autonomous rendezvous of satellites.
A University of Georgia study found that participating in a walking exercise program can decrease elderly disability risk by 41% and increase physical function by 25%. The study also showed that walking increased aerobic capacity by 19% compared to a control group.
A new study found that teenage girls' peer groups significantly influence their weight control behaviors. Girls who identified with non-conformist peers were more concerned about their weight and appearance, while those who skipped school and got into trouble believed their peers valued thinness and dieting.
A study published in JAMA found that home blood pressure monitoring combined with Web-based pharmacist care can significantly improve blood pressure control in patients with uncontrolled hypertension. The treatment resulted in 25% more patients achieving controlled blood pressure compared to usual care.
A 20-year study found that group-based diet and exercise lifestyle interventions reduced diabetes incidence by 51% during the intervention period and 43% over 20 years. The interventions also led to a significant reduction in the duration of diabetes, with participants spending an average of 3.6 fewer years with the condition.
Italian researchers found that an eight-month workplace initiative reduced headaches, neck and shoulder pain, and analgesic use. Staff reported a 41% decrease in headache days and a 54% reduction in neck and shoulder pain burden.
A low-vision therapy program significantly improved vision in veterans with diseases of the macula, with notable gains in reading ability, mobility, and visual motor skills. The study suggests that at least 10 hours of low-vision therapy is justified for patients with moderate and severe vision loss from macular diseases.
The ASSIST training programme, which involves training influential students to promote anti-smoking messages, has been shown to reduce smoking rates among teenagers. The programme was effective in achieving a sustained reduction in uptake of regular smoking in adolescents for two years after its delivery.
A study published in Psychological Science found that perspective-taking improves negotiation outcomes and creates more value for all parties involved. Empathy, on the other hand, can lead to preferential treatments and less successful deals.
Researchers found that non-conscious goal pursuit helps individuals achieve their objectives, even in new environments. In two experiments, participants who received achievement-related cues demonstrated improved performance in tasks requiring implicit learning.
A new study found that regular low-intensity exercise can significantly reduce fatigue symptoms and increase energy levels by 20 percent in sedentary people. The researchers discovered that low-intensity exercise is more effective than moderate-intensity exercise in reducing fatigue, with a 65 percent reduction compared to 49 percent.
A University of Denver study found that a bullying prevention program reduced self-reported bully victimization among students by 20%, compared to a 10% drop in the control group. The 'Youth Matters' curriculum taught social and emotional skills to help students avoid becoming bullies or victims.
Researchers found that listening to music improved verbal memory and focused attention in stroke patients, with a 60% improvement in verbal memory three months after the stroke. Music also reduced depression and confusion in patients, suggesting its potential as an addition to clinical practice.
A study found that prior knowledge can make it difficult for consumers to learn and recognize other positive qualities indicated by the same cues. The researchers used cheese tasting to explore this phenomenon, known as 'protection of prior learning.' The findings have important implications for marketers, policy makers, and consumers.
Patients with refractory asthma experienced longer term improvement in pulmonary function, improved quality of life, and reduced rescue medication use after undergoing bronchial thermoplasty. The procedure resulted in a significant reduction in corticosteroid use, particularly among those who were able to wean off medication completely.
A study comparing sirolimus-eluting and paclitaxel-eluting stents found no significant differences in heart attack or cardiac death rates among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions. The use of drug-eluting stents may be safe for the general population, with low rates of serious adverse events at 18 months of follow-up.
A new study reveals that carbon monoxide directly damages heart muscle, leading to long-lasting cardiac function impairment. CO's effect on heart muscle is unrelated to oxygen deprivation in the recovery phase.
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing due to population aging and existing high rates, leading to complications and premature death. Most patients experience at least one complication within six years after diagnosis.
A large-scale randomized trial of nearly 4,500 men found no significant differences in sexual satisfaction and performance between circumcised and non-circumcised individuals. The study's findings support the use of circumcision as an effective way to reduce HIV transmission
A recent study by the University of Bath found that smokers from poorer areas are using NHS stop smoking services and successfully quitting at a higher rate than those from more affluent communities. The overall proportion of smokers from disadvantaged areas accessing these services is also higher, suggesting that the NHS stop smoking ...
Researchers found that lead exposure in young rats hindered their ability to recover from brain injuries such as stroke. The study suggests that early lead exposure may compromise the brain's ability to compensate for injury and recover function.
A study found that glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) infusion therapy after a heart attack increased the risk of heart failure and death in the first 3 days. The therapy had no effect on 30-day or 6-month outcomes.
Case Western Reserve researchers have bred a line of 'mighty mice' with the ability to run five to six kilometers at high speeds. The mice utilize fatty acids for energy and produce little lactic acid, allowing them to maintain endurance over extended periods.
A study of 1014 women in Burkina Faso found that those with severe obstetric complications were at higher risk of death and mental health problems. The researchers also found that babies born to these women were more likely to die within a year, and that mothers with SOCs were more likely to experience depression or anxiety.
Researchers found that behavioral skills maintenance and social facilitation interventions improved weight loss maintenance in childhood overweight population, with some evidence for sustained long-term efficacy among more socially adept children. The studies demonstrated the importance of continued treatment contact to improve weight ...
Researchers found that doctors can learn to control their brain's automatic pain response, allowing them to better treat patients. The study showed that doctors activate the neural circuit related to emotion regulation and cognitive control when watching videos of people in pain.
Researchers found that chronic caregivers develop genetic and molecular changes that effectively age their bodies by four to eight years, resulting in a shortened lifespan. Caregivers also exhibit severe depression symptoms and weakened immune systems, contributing to the negative effects of chronic stress.
A new study from UC Davis found that patients who keep gratitude journals score better on measures of mental health, general health, and vitality compared to those who only kept routine notes. Increased feelings of gratitude can cause people's well-being and quality of life to improve.
A simple visual inspection technique using acetic acid (VIA) has been shown to reduce cervical cancer incidence in poor countries by up to 35%. The study found that VIA screening led to a significant decrease in cervical cancer cases and deaths among women in the intervention group compared to those in the control group.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center found that hydrogen peroxide decreases the tensile strength of absorbable sutures. In contrast, cleaning with distilled water did not harm their strength. The study suggests that patients using hydrogen peroxide on such sutures may be at risk for weakened healing and hypertrophic scars.
A large randomized clinical trial found that eating double the recommended daily amount of fruits and vegetables does not reduce the likelihood of breast cancer recurrence in women who have completed treatment for early-stage breast cancer. The study involved nearly 3,100 women and followed them for an average of 7.3 years.
Researchers found that simple, low-literacy interventions increased discussions about prostate cancer and led to more men receiving screening tests. These findings suggest that empowering patients through patient interventions can effectively promote discussion of prostate cancer.
Murat Arcak, a researcher at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, received the 2007 SIAG/CST Prize for his work on passivity approach and robustness in largescale networks. His research has enhanced performance and robustness for wireless and biological networks.
A phase 2 trial found that denosumab reduced the progression of bone erosion in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The treatment group experienced significant reductions in erosion scores, even as early as six months, compared to the control group.
Imagery Rehearsal Therapy (IRT) has been shown to improve sleep quality and reduce insomnia severity in patients. IRT involves practicing relaxation techniques before sleep, with improved results in both experimental and control groups.
A recent study found that hearing the same opinion multiple times from one source can have a significant impact on perception, often leading to a false sense of popularity. Researchers examined how individuals estimate group norms and opinions, shedding light on cognitive processes that influence our decisions.
A new study shows Pycnogenol supplementation can prevent damage to the heart caused by high blood pressure and hypertension. The natural pine bark extract enhanced collagen connective tissues in cardiac tissue, resulting in stronger cardiac chambers.