News on doctoral training and the researchers it produces. Covers PhD and fellowship programs, physician-scientist training, and major training investments.
Recent mass killings were perpetrated by young males who may be driven by the copycat phenomenon, feeling alienated and marginalized, and easy access to firearms. The Journal explores these factors and their impact on prevention and threat assessment.
The University of Liverpool will fund 76 PhD students researching areas like financial crashes, nuclear disasters, and environmental crises over eight years. The Centre for Doctoral Training offers a multi-disciplinary approach with industrial partnerships and placements.
A receptor called B7-1 is expressed by kidney cells during the progression of diabetic nephropathy, and targeting this receptor with abatacept helps to maintain kidney function in mice. The study suggests that clinical trials should be designed to test abatacept in diabetic patients.
A study by American Psychological Association found that military men experience more distress and work performance problems due to sexual harassment than women. The researchers also discovered that men may be less able to cope with the emotional impact of such incidents.
A study found that autism is caused by disruptions in early brain development, specifically in the formation of cortical layers. The researchers analyzed 25 genes in post-mortem brain tissue and discovered focal patches of disrupted development in most children with autism. These findings suggest that the brain can sometimes rewire con...
Researchers found that autism is caused by disrupted development of cortical layers in the brain, which leads to absent genetic markers and focal patches of abnormality. The study suggests that early treatment can lead to clinical improvement as the brain rewire connections to circumvent these defects.
A new study suggests that gut microorganisms support the production of immune cells, which are essential for fighting infection. The research found that mice lacking gut microbes were more susceptible to bacterial infections, highlighting the importance of maintaining a healthy balance of gut microbes in our immune system.
A study by Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health found that men seeking non-gay-identified (NGI) partners on Craigslist tend to prioritize anonymity and masculinity, which may increase the risk of HIV transmission. Only a small percentage of NGI-seeking ads mentioned safe sex or condom use.
Researchers discovered that stem cells from a fatty fold of tissue, called the omentum, can help heal diseased kidneys when fused to the organs. This innovative approach uses the patient's own stem cells to treat chronic kidney disease, potentially alleviating the need for external cell sources.
Researchers developed a device to noninvasively monitor cerebral blood flow in acute stroke patients. The study found that head-of-bed positioning affects blood flow, with some patients experiencing a paradoxical improvement when their bed was elevated.
The Gerontological Society of America's Public Policy & Aging Report highlights the need for policy changes to optimize technology use by older adults. The report emphasizes the importance of collaboration between business, government, and non-profits to develop a next-generation technology-enabled aging services workforce.
Researchers have identified a new genetic disease called NGLY1 deficiency, causing neurologic, muscle, eye, and liver problems in children. The disease was diagnosed through modern gene-sequencing techniques and social media collaboration between scientists and parents.
Studies suggest that eye structure and function may reveal features of early-stage Alzheimer's disease, including changes in retinal pigment epithelial layer and choroidal layer thickness. Researchers hope to develop new diagnostic methods using the eye as a window to brain activity.
New research suggests that diplomatic pressure and sanctions by the international community can actually support regimes in power, rather than changing their behavior. Countries like Cuba have successfully used stigma and shaming to maintain their sovereignty and resist Western influence. The findings highlight the need for a deeper un...
Researchers at University of Missouri developed a motion-capture technology that can detect falls in hospital rooms with high accuracy. The system uses infrared light to create a 3D map of the room and analyzes movements to determine if a fall has occurred.
Researchers at UCSF found a specialized brain circuit that fires more strongly in response to movement, allowing the visual system to work better while walking or running. This discovery could have implications for human vision and navigation.
A Stanford study found that whole-genome sequencing requires improved sequencing accuracy in disease-associated genes and up to 100 hours of manual assessment by genetic counselors or specialists. The technique's cost and complexity are expected to be higher than initially thought, with estimated costs ranging from $17,000 per person.
Two common procedures to treat pelvic organ prolapse without vaginal mesh are found to be comparable in safety and efficacy. Researchers also discovered that behavioral therapy did not improve urinary incontinence or prolapse symptoms in affected women.
Researchers seeking to understand the causes of premature birth aim to identify women at risk and develop new treatments. Genetic variations, infection, fetal lung development, and cervical changes are being investigated as potential triggers for preterm labor.
A new study published by the American Psychological Association found that black boys are more likely to be perceived as older and less innocent than their white peers in police encounters. Researchers tested 176 police officers and found that those who dehumanized blacks were more likely to use force against a black child.
Researchers genetically engineered T cells to resist HIV infection by inducing the CCR5-delta-32 mutation. The study showed promising results with reduced viral loads and persistent modified cells in patients.
Researchers at NYU Langone Medical Center discovered that blocking Netrin-1 stalls chronic inflammation and insulin resistance, a link between obesity and type II diabetes. The study found that Netrin-1 signaling promotes macrophage buildup in fat tissue, leading to inflammation and insulin resistance.
Researchers at NYU Langone Medical Center found that blocking the action of a key signaling molecule, Netrin-1, stalls chronic inflammation and insulin resistance tied to obesity. This could lead to further advances against diseases such as type II diabetes and atherosclerosis.
Researchers studied 30 adults with TBI to understand the relationship between self-awareness, depression, and self-reported quality of life. They found that higher levels of self-awareness were associated with poorer quality of life and lower satisfaction, while depressive symptoms significantly impacted self-reports.
Researchers at the University of North Carolina have discovered a new target for human antibodies that could hold the key to a vaccine for dengue virus. The team found that natural human antibodies bind to a specific region called an epitope hinge, which is composed of just 25 amino acids.
A team of researchers from the University at Buffalo and two Chinese universities has developed an optical nanocavity that boosts the amount of light ultrathin semiconductors absorb. The advancement could lead to more powerful photovoltaic cells, faster video cameras, and potentially aid in developing hydrogen fuel.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis have developed a 3D elastic membrane that can precisely measure temperature, mechanical strain, and pH, and deliver treatment for arrhythmia and heart attack prediction. The device has the potential to revolutionize heart treatment by providing high-definition diagnostics and therapy.
A special issue of Medical Care presents updates from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Multiple Chronic Conditions Research Network. The research highlights the importance of behavioral health issues in MCC care and identifies priorities for future research, including improved treatment guidelines and methods.
Researchers at the Gladstone Institutes have devised a method to reprogram skin cells into cells that closely resemble beating heart cells, exhibiting twitching and contracting patterns. The addition of one genetic factor, Oct4, accelerated the transformation, revealing promising results for pharmaceutical-based therapies.
The Association for Gerontology in Higher Education (AGHE) has honored its newest elected officers, fellows, and awardees for their outstanding contributions to gerontological education. The award recipients include individuals recognized for their leadership, mentorship, and scholarship in the field of aging.
A comprehensive review by the American Psychological Association highlights psychologists' expertise in addressing chronic pain. Successful treatment approaches include cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, mindfulness, and hypnosis, which offer more relief than prescription drugs or surgery.
The American Heart Association has funded 112 studies at Loyola since 1984, with the latest award bringing the total to $10.6 million. Loyola is recognized as one of the top 50 hospitals nationwide for cardiology and heart surgery.
A new study from the University at Buffalo School of Management found that companies with investment banking directors are more likely to make better acquisitions, resulting in increased shareholder value. These directors help firms select better targets, accurately determine their value, and negotiate lower advisory fees.
New antimicrobial approaches kill or prevent microbial growth in foods and beverages, improving safety, quality, and shelf-life. Biobased solutions address global food production challenges.
A year-long study found that pregabalin reduced RLS symptoms and was less likely to cause worsening symptoms compared to pramipexole. Dopaminergic drugs were associated with symptom augmentation in some patients, highlighting the need for caution when treating RLS patients.
Researchers found that even modest weight reduction (5%) can significantly improve OSA and metabolism in overweight patients, preventing disease progression over four years. The study provides first-time long-term evidence of the effectiveness of weight loss in managing OSA.
The University of Pittsburgh's Center for Medical Innovation has awarded funding to six research groups developing innovative biomedical technologies, including smart wound gels, point-of-care diagnostic instruments, and minimally-invasive brain surgery devices. These projects aim to improve healthcare outcomes and save lives.
A large-scale randomized control trial shows Schema Therapy to be significantly more effective than Clarification-Oriented Psychotherapy and treatment as usual in treating a range of personality disorders. The therapy resulted in higher recovery rates, greater declines in depression, and lower dropout rates.
Researchers have found a way to efficiently edit the human genome one letter at a time, boosting ability to model human disease and paving the way for therapies that fix genetic 'bugs'. The new technique highlights out-of-the-box thinking critical for scientific success.
Patients who experience acute kidney injury following surgery have a higher risk of developing heart problems, including coronary events and mortality. The study found that properly treating AKI can help protect heart health.
Researchers at Gladstone Institutes develop technique to replenish destroyed ß-cells in animal models, showing promise for a permanent solution to manage type 1 diabetes. The study uses regenerative medicine to transform skin cells into insulin-producing pancreas cells.
A study by American Society of Nephrology reveals domoic acid, a neurotoxin found in seafood, can harm kidneys even at levels considered safe for consumption. The toxin damages kidneys at concentrations 100 times lower than what causes neurological effects, raising concerns about potential kidney failure and dialysis.
The Violence and Gender journal examines complex issues in threat assessment and prevention, exploring factors related to the gender of perpetrators of violence. The inaugural issue delves into topics such as school shootings, mass killers, and military sexual assault.
Researchers from Brigham and Women's Hospital found that blue light exposure improves alertness and performance during the day and night, reducing fatigue. The study used specialized equipment to compare the effects of blue and green light on 16 participants, showing significant improvements in alertness and reaction times.
Research by American Psychological Association found that single-sex schools do not offer advantages in academic performance or attitudes towards school. A comprehensive analysis of 184 studies involving over 1.6 million students worldwide showed trivial benefits, if any, for boys and girls in math and science subjects.
Researchers found that dormant prostate cancer cells can be reactivated by factors produced in inflammatory cells, such as RANKL. This discovery may allow for the development of new interventions to prevent disease progression and prolong survival.
Researchers found that retrieval practice (RP) significantly improved memory in individuals with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), particularly after short delays. RP was more effective than massed restudy (MR) or spaced restudy (SR) strategies, indicating its potential to improve real-life performance.
Researchers at Kessler Foundation found the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) to be a reliable predictor of employment status in people with MS, distinguishing employed from unemployed individuals. The study analyzed demographic and disease-related factors to identify predictors of employment status.
A combination of two drugs has successfully halted the growth of lung adenocarcinomas carrying KRAS mutations, a common genetic subtype of lung cancer. The treatment targets KRAS's accomplices rather than the gene itself, and its potential as a clinical trial is being explored.
Researchers have developed a natural polysaccharide-based delivery system that enhances the targeting of DNA aptamers to vimentin in tumor cells, leading to increased cell death. The study uses arabinogalactan from the larch tree as a carrier and shows improved efficacy when combined with the aptamer drug.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital have found that shortening the guide RNA component of CRISPR-Cas nucleases can substantially reduce off-target DNA mutations. Truncated gRNAs, or tru-gRNAs, are just as efficient as full-length gRNAs in reaching their intended target but with greatly reduced off-target effects.
Research by Eyal Pe'er and colleagues found that people who partially confessed their wrongdoing experienced more negative emotions like fear, shame, and guilt compared to those who fully confessed or made no confession. Partially confessing also led to increased feelings of regret.
A research team led by USF Health's Michael White and Elena Suvorova aims to identify new factors required for malaria-related parasites' growth. The study may lead to the development of new therapies against malaria, a deadly mosquito-borne disease.
Researchers found that adolescent rats exposed to THC experienced molecular changes and increased motivation to self-administer heroin in their adulthood offspring, highlighting potential long-term effects of marijuana use on future generations.
A Kaiser Permanente study of over 82,000 men found that prolonged sedentary behavior significantly increases the risk of heart failure. The study highlights the importance of a physically active and nonsedentary lifestyle for reducing this risk.
A new study published in Psychological Medicine found that toddlers' physical aggression is strongly associated with genetic factors, accounting for most of the stability and change. The study used a twin cohort design to investigate the role of genetics and environment in early childhood aggression, finding support for the genetic mat...
A new study reveals that persistent musculoskeletal pain is common among car crash victims, affecting nearly 70% six weeks post-accident. Most victims who develop persistent pain do not sue, with only a minority engaged in litigation.
A team of researchers found that microbes engage in market-like behaviors, including comparing bids for commodities, hoarding resources, and eliminating competitors. This discovery has implications for understanding microbial interactions and could lead to new approaches in social microbiology.
Teenage boys who perceive themselves as underweight are more likely to experience depressive symptoms and engage in steroid use. The research highlights the importance of addressing body image concerns among adolescent boys, particularly those who feel bullied or underweight.
The Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation has awarded over $2.8 million to 20 top young scientists for their innovative cancer research projects. The award provides independent funding to early career investigators to pursue novel ideas and aims to make paradigm-shifting breakthroughs in cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.