A study conducted at the University of Melbourne found that smoking is significantly linked to osteoporosis in women, particularly after menopause. Continuing high exposure to tobacco and greater sensitivity to smoking-induced bone loss are possible explanations for this link.
Researchers evaluated rice varieties for their allelopathic potential, finding that certain parts of the plant can inhibit barnyardgrass growth. This study suggests the possibility of developing rice-based natural herbicides to improve weed control.
Researchers found that a significant portion of folic acid is poorly absorbed by the body due to its conversion into the monoglutamate form, affecting overall absorption rates. The study suggests increasing dietary advice or product formulations with more easily absorbable forms of folic acid could help address this issue.
UCSD graduate student Vincent Leung designed a revolutionary Ultra-Low-Power SiGe BiCMOS Transmitter IC for 3G W-CDMA mobile phones. The innovative chip reduces power consumption by utilizing a smart, adaptive bias scheme and high-speed digital logic.
The University of Georgia has received a $6.7M grant to develop technologies for mapping the glycome of stem cell lines established by Bresagen. This research will lead to the isolation of specific nerve cells for Parkinson's treatment and new ways to diagnose and treat cancer.
Jane Lubchenco, a leading marine ecologist, has received the Scripps Nierenberg Prize for Science in the Public Interest. The prize honors her work promoting ocean sciences and preserving all living things in our oceans.
Scientists have discovered that cells can adapt to survive without oxygen, a key finding that could lead to new treatments for cancer, heart attack, and stroke. Researchers are tracing the signaling pathways for cell injury and death, with hopes of identifying therapeutic tools to switch cellular behavior.
The Atherosclerosis Prevention in Pediatric Lupus Erythematosus (APPLE) trial will study the effect of statins on preventing buildup of fat in arteries. The trial aims to find a new method of preventing cardiac disease in lupus patients.
Researchers developed a model to calculate movements of both sand and mud in tidal areas, revealing locations with little sedimentation due to quick water flow. The model can predict the effect of human intervention in tidal waters, addressing questions about released polluted mud layers and ecosystem changes.
A comparative cross-sectional survey found an unsavoury link between DTCA and the number of prescriptions. The authors warn that unregulated advertising could lead to increased drug sales and costs for the medicare program. Canadian Medical Association Journal editors highlight the need for strengthened regulation.
Families moving from high-poverty neighborhoods to lower-income areas saw significant improvements in mental health, with reduced symptoms of distress and depression. The study found no such benefits for those staying in public housing in very poor neighborhoods.
A study by the University of Iowa and Michigan found that defibrillators in high-risk locations, such as hospitals and airports, are cost-effective. However, low-risk sites like schools and hotels are not economically viable options due to low usage rates.
Researchers have successfully created carbon nanotubes with ideal photon emission, a narrow and steady emission that can be used for quantum cryptography and single-molecule sensors. This breakthrough enables the development of practical applications in fields such as quantum optics and biology.
A new annotated compound library has been developed to speed up drug discovery, identifying 85 compounds that can inhibit tumor cell growth. The library's potential becomes clear as it can be expanded indefinitely and contains about 90% of all controlled substances and 50% of all drugs approved for use in the US.
Researchers discovered previously unknown fungi groups thriving beneath the snow, recycling carbon and nitrogen, and potentially impacting CO2 levels. The findings prompt a reevaluation of snow-covered regions as 'sinks' for CO2.
Researchers at UC Davis discovered that a DNA enzyme called RecBCD slows down its movement when it encounters a specific short DNA sequence called Chi. This finding provides new insights into how DNA is repaired and replicated, and could lead to the development of more efficient nanomachines.
Immediate weight-bearing pressure can lead to fibrous tissue formation instead of normal bone, hindering implant performance. Bioengineers aim to determine the ideal loading amount and timing to prevent this issue and increase the success rate of implants.
A study at TSRI identifies 62 new proteins in the inner nuclear membrane linked to 14 rare diseases, including muscular dystrophy and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. This discovery has significant implications for understanding the underlying causes of these devastating conditions and developing new therapeutic strategies.
A study found that organ-transplant patients are particularly vulnerable to measles due to their compromised immune systems. Low MMR vaccine uptake in southeast London poses a significant threat to these individuals, highlighting the need for increased awareness and vigilance.
Recent gentrification in Atlanta is characterized by more extensive neighborhoods, greater volatility, and state-sponsored projects that displace low-income residents. This contrasts with previous waves of restoration, where historic preservation drove gentrification and racial transition involved blacks moving into white neighborhoods.
The Southeast Regional Center of Excellence for Emerging Infections and Biodefense (SERCEB) will develop new vaccines and diagnostics for orthopoxviruses, Bacillus anthracis, and Y. pestis. The consortium aims to address difficult problems in emerging infections with unprecedented speed.
Researchers at the University of Iowa have discovered a way to improve cancer immunotherapy by directing specific types of white blood cells to kill cancer cells. By using CpG ODN agents, doctors can gear up natural killer cells and granulocytes to work with antibodies to target cancer cells more effectively.
Researchers at Northwestern University identified a molecular basis for the cell's detection of miniscule amounts of copper in bacteria. This discovery may lead to better methods for removing toxic metals from the environment and improving our understanding of diseases related to copper metabolism.
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases is launching a new program to support interdisciplinary research on infectious diseases, with eight regional centers expected to be established. The program aims to develop new therapies, vaccines, diagnostics, and tools to combat bioterrorism and emerging diseases.
The University of Pittsburgh has received two grants to investigate an experimental device that aims to improve the quality of organs from brain-dead donors. The study, led by Dr. John A. Kellum and Dr. Michael DeVita, will evaluate the effectiveness of CytoSorb in reducing cytokines that compromise organ function.
Research reveals microbes under Colorado snowpack drive tundra ecosystem's short-growing season productivity, and are key to nitrogen cycling. The study also identifies previously unknown fungi species.
The Lancet presents six randomized controlled trials of heart disease drug interventions, highlighting potential benefits for patients in poor countries. The World Trade Organization's decision to allow poor nations to import low-cost generic drugs is seen as a game-changer for effective treatment accessibility worldwide.
A study by Carl Thummel and Tatiana Kozlova found that ecdysone signaling is crucial for major morphogenetic movements during embryonic development. The researchers discovered that the amnioserosa, an extraembryonic tissue, is a critical source of ecdysone, which controls cell movements and maturation in insects.
Research suggests that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder share similar genetic causes, with key oligodendrocyte-related and myelin-related genes showing reduced expression in patients. This finding has implications for understanding the underlying mechanisms of these complex mental health conditions.
Researchers discovered that aggressive cancer cells form vascular-like networks, allowing for blood flow and potential nutritional exchange. This 'chameleon-like' ability raises clinical challenges in detecting aggressive tumor cells but offers new insights into targeting them more effectively.
Researchers at Purdue University have discovered a new method using infrared spectroscopy and statistical analysis to classify dietary supplement oils and common food oils. The study found that the FT-IR method could identify adulteration levels down to 2%, allowing for faster and less expensive quality control.
Researchers discovered that soybean plants penalize rhizobia that don't fix nitrogen by decreasing oxygen supply, favoring cooperation and evolution of beneficial strains. This mechanism helps maintain ancient symbiotic relationships between legumes and soil bacteria.
A new study reveals that interactive virtual reality product demonstrations significantly increase consumers' likelihood of making a purchase compared to traditional advertising. By allowing users to manipulate products in the virtual world, businesses can foster a stronger emotional connection with customers and ultimately drive sales.
Researchers at University at Buffalo's Laboratory for Antiviral Research are conducting a comprehensive study to measure concentrations of drugs and analyze their pharmacogenetic basis. The goal is to understand the net effect of antiretroviral drugs on other pharmaceuticals taken by HIV patients.
A new study found that 16.5% of non-kidney transplant recipients develop chronic kidney failure, with older age, being a woman, and pre-transplant hepatitis C infection increasing the risk. The risk is higher for those whose kidneys fail after transplant, highlighting the need for better treatment regimens.
Research by Lehigh University engineer Wei-xian Zhang has shown that nanoscale iron particles can break down organic and heavy metals contaminants in the soil and groundwater. The treatment process is more effective and cheaper than traditional methods, making it a promising solution for cleaning up contaminated sites.
Scientists using NASA's Global Climate Model found that oceans are storing more heat due to rising atmospheric temperatures. The study predicts significant ocean warming in the Eastern Pacific Ocean and increased precipitation over the North Atlantic, with potential biological consequences for ocean life.
Marine biologists have discovered a unique undersea nursery off Northern California, where groups of fish and octopus brood their eggs. The discovery represents a new type of biological hot spot, with potential implications for conservation efforts.
The book catalogs 211 NSF grants since 1993, featuring hands-on learning experiences that work, and emphasizes the importance of removing barriers to science and technology education. The resource is designed to be a toolkit for educators at all levels, with research-based ideas, contacts, and resources.
The article describes a biologically well-characterized mouse model for cystinuria type I, a human disease caused by impaired renal function. The model closely mimics the human disease state and is expected to improve biomedical research in areas like disease analysis and drug testing.
A recent study by Johns Hopkins found that 34% of herbal weight-loss product websites contained incorrect or misleading statements, which could lead to serious harm to consumers. The products contain serious side effects such as heart attacks, strokes, and increased blood pressure.
Researchers identified OEA, a natural fatty acid, that activates cell receptors to curb hunger and reduce weight in rodents. The study found that increasing OEA levels while maintaining normal receptor activity can lower blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
Researchers identified a genetic region on chromosome 11 associated with eye and kidney problems in individuals with Joubert syndrome. The study provides hope for developing a genetic screening test to inform parents about the risk of passing the condition to future children.
Researchers found that moderate blood dilution can cause measurable kidney damage in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. The risk increases with patient body weight, and transfusions may also contribute to kidney injury.
A new study reveals Americans are among the most misinformed about global warming, with only 15% correctly identifying burning fossil fuels as its primary cause. The US ranks below Japan and France in terms of public understanding of climate change.
A study found that obese individuals have lower levels of the naturally occurring gut hormone PYY3-36, which limits appetite. Infusing PYY3-36 reduced calorific consumption in both lean and overweight volunteers by around a third for 24 hours.
Researchers create tiny chamber to achieve acceleration of over 1 million Gs, enabling rapid analysis of biological samples. Microfluidic systems could revolutionize quick diagnoses in remote locations.
Researchers control the development of stem cells in the inner ears of embryonic chickens by introducing new genes, leading to the growth of balance-related hairs instead of sound-detecting ones. This breakthrough could potentially improve our understanding of inner ear disorders and lead to therapies for deafness and vertigo.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed an algorithm that provides fast and accurate structure determination for organic compounds with a center of symmetry. The new approach reformulates the phase problem into an integer programming problem, allowing for rapid solution finding using off-the-shelf optimization software.
Researchers developed a costimulatory blockade-based protocol to induce peripheral tolerance in stem cell transplantation. This approach combines donor-specific transfusion and anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody administration to achieve functional HSC populations without myeloablation or GVHD induction.
The National Robotics Engineering Consortium will lead the development of perception and path planning within the Autonomous Navigation System. The team aims to advance mobile robotics and increase soldier safety by eliminating direct UGV operation.
A new study finds that nearly 1 in 3 doctors hesitate to administer the Prevnar vaccine due to its high cost, especially among those with many uninsured patients. The vaccine protects against bacterial meningitis and other diseases, but its expense creates obstacles for families without insurance coverage.
Researchers at UNC have identified a protein that directly regulates lysine methylation on core histone protein H3, leading to gene repression. This discovery sheds light on the mechanisms of epigenetic signals and their role in regulating gene expression.
Scientists now believe that small amounts of impurities, such as sodium chloride, are necessary to form the domes on Europa's surface. These compounds melt ice at low temperatures, allowing warmer blobs of ice to push through the icy shell and create the domes.
Researchers found that intestinal bacteria in the terminal ileum activate p40 expression, leading to chronic inflammation and predisposing this region to Crohn's disease. The study provides a molecular explanation for why Crohn's disease often affects the small intestine.
A study found that osteopathic physicians were more likely to use patients' first names, explain medical conditions, and discuss social and emotional impacts of illnesses. Osteopaths also asked patients more questions about their concerns, while allopaths focused on the scientific basis of treatment.
Measuring DNA repair enzyme OGG activity found a significant association with lung cancer risk. Smokers and nonsmokers with low OGG activity had higher lung cancer risk compared to those with normal activity levels, with smokers being at greater risk due to smoking alone.
The CHARM Programme demonstrates clear benefits of Atacand in treating heart failure, reducing risk by 23% in ACE-inhibitor intolerant patients and 15% in those taking conventional therapy. Additionally, Atacand shows a trend towards reduced cardiovascular death and hospitalizations in patients with preserved left ventricular function.
The Office of Naval Research has unveiled a new, ultra-accurate Rubidium atomic clock that is smaller than a matchbox and consumes less power. This tiny clock loses only about one second every 10,000 years, making it ideal for precise ship and aircraft navigation, ground to outer space communications, or missile guidance.
Researchers found no evidence of persistent cytokine increase or link between cytokines and anthrax toxin effects, contradicting earlier beliefs. The study suggests that current efforts to design cytokine-suppressing drugs may be misguided.