The proposed community-centric approach addresses the challenge of accessing a large collection of services. By leveraging collective intelligence, users can build applications with less effort and cost, refining their goals according to combined knowledge. A web-based prototype evaluates the approach, providing visual access to servic...
ARS scientists Rich Novy and Jonathan Whitworth are working on a program to develop new potato lines that resist different biotypes of late blight. The goal is to help growers save on fungicides and other expenses associated with controlling the disease, which can render potatoes unmarketable.
The Wearable Absence project uses wearable devices to record the wearer's physical and emotional state, triggering the transfer of personalized memory back to the wearer. The system combines textile arts, emotional mapping, and responsive technologies to provide comfort and enhance human experience.
A new study published in Restoration Ecology reveals that coral transplantation is an effective and affordable solution for reef restoration. The research team transplanted elkhorn coral fragments onto a damaged reef in the British Virgin Islands, achieving significant growth and survival rates over four years.
Despite achieving parity by 2015 in only 18 countries, the MDG 3 target for eliminating gender disparity in primary and secondary education remains unmet. The Editorial emphasizes that political discussions around MDGs 4, 5, and 6 have excluded gender equity.
Scientists have identified a key pheromone, darcin, responsible for male mouse 'sex appeal.' This chemical stimulates females to remember individual males and prefer them over others. By understanding the role of darcin, researchers may develop new methods for pest control and gain insights into animal behavior.
Researchers observed that early blood flow begins all at once in zebrafish embryos, involving hundreds of cells. Red blood cells initially stick to the vessel wall before releasing themselves with a protease enzyme called ADAM8.
Pancreatic researchers have developed a method to distinguish between pre-cancerous and benign cysts using glycans. This could lead to fewer deaths from pancreatic cancer by detecting and removing pre-cancerous cysts. The study's findings offer new hope for early detection and treatment of the disease.
New research reveals the Yangtze River in China is 40 million years old, challenging previous estimates of its origins. The study, published in Geology, found that the river began cutting the Three Gorges area around 45 million years ago, resulting in a more gradual formation process.
A new study by Brigham Young University researchers indicates that an ancient aquifer under the Nevada Test Site is feeding an oasis near Ash Meadows, a site home to unique plant and animal species. The water's journey takes 15,000 years to reach its destination, with radioactive water potentially surfacing in the future.
Two studies by Indiana University researchers found little influence of compression garments on running mechanics and economy in highly trained distance runners. While some subjects experienced improvement in their oxygen consumption, it was largely attributed to a psychological component rather than the garment itself.
A six-man international crew will undergo a simulated 520-day Mars mission to assess the impact of prolonged isolation on mental health. The study aims to better understand how sleep loss, fatigue, and stress affect performance in long-duration space missions.
Researchers found that standing on carpet evokes a sense of physical comfort, leading to unconscious judgments about products viewed nearby. Conversely, hard tile flooring makes products appear less comfortable when close by.
A large study of Swedish men found a clear link between lower IQ scores and attempted suicide, with almost 18,000 hospital admissions recorded. The researchers suggest that low IQ may be linked to social disadvantage, poor health behaviors, and reduced resilience to stress, although the exact mechanisms are unclear.
Bioengineers at the Wyss Institute have developed a new technology to regenerate heart and other tissues by replicating natural design principles. The resulting protein nanofabrics can be customized to generate specific properties, making them ideal for tissue engineering scaffolds and high-performance textiles.
A study published in the Journal of Consumer Affairs found that only 27% of young adults (23-28 years old) can answer basic questions about interest rates, inflation, and risk diversification. This lack of financial literacy is influenced by parental education levels and financial habits.
Physician-scientists from NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center present several studies at the 2010 American Urological Meeting, including a potential breakthrough in using 5-alpha reductase inhibitors to improve PSA test accuracy for prostate cancer diagnosis. Additionally, they present results on robotic surgery ...
Researchers from McMaster University and Brookhaven National Laboratory captured images of electrons changing form in metals at extremely low temperatures. The discovery reveals a previously unknown phase transition, shedding light on heavy fermion behavior.
A new Stanford/Packard study finds that chronically ill children with private insurance are less likely to be admitted to specialized pediatric care centers than those with public insurance. The study highlights a significant disparity in healthcare access across California, with certain regions offering more comprehensive services.
Researchers tested methylphenidate, a psychostimulant medication, to treat cancer-related fatigue. While the study found no significant difference between treatment and placebo groups, there was a trend of improved satisfaction with treatment among patients receiving methylphenidate, particularly those with stage III/IV cancer.
Researchers have simulated frustration in a smallest possible quantum system, revealing its relation to entanglement. The team created a fully controllable frustrated magnetic network with three spins, allowing them to manipulate interactions using laser beams.
Researchers at Henry Ford Hospital found that adenocarcinoma of the bladder has a poor overall survival rate, but certain factors can improve prognosis. Patients diagnosed at age 60 or younger and those with well-differentiated, localized tumors may have better chances of survival.
Scientists propose that mantle flow, rather than plate boundaries, drives uplift and volcanism in mobile belts. The study identifies two mountain ranges raised almost entirely by mantle flow in Spain and France.
A revised seismotectonic model for the California Central Coast identifies new faults and reinterprets known ones, highlighting the need for further study to understand seismic hazards. The study also examines how large earthquakes can trigger other large earthquakes on nearby faults, a phenomenon observed in paleoseismic records.
Tropical Cyclone Phet has intensified into a powerful cyclone with an eye in the center, posing a threat to coastal Oman, India, and Pakistan. The storm is expected to bring gale force winds and rough seas, with waves as high as 18 feet.
Michigan State University scientists have developed a pioneering landscape limnology approach that integrates freshwater lakes, streams, and wetlands. This framework uses GIS data and models to provide science-based tools for managing and protecting these bodies of water.
A University of Alberta researcher discovered female red squirrels adopt abandoned babies with common genes, ensuring the continuation of their gene pool. This behavior, initially thought to be unique to social animals, reveals a rare instance of altruism in solitary creatures like red squirrels.
A study published in The Lancet found that low-dose combination therapy of rosiglitazone and metformin can stop people progressing to type 2 diabetes, with a relative risk reduction of 66% compared to placebo. This strategy could target populations at-risk of diabetes.
Fatal medication errors peak in July among new medical residents, especially in counties with teaching hospitals. Increased supervision and education on medication safety may reduce these errors.
The study found that 40-60% of Americans living with HIV/AIDS are smokers, twice the rate in the general population. Researchers emphasize the need for effective interventions to help these individuals quit smoking.
A six-year study by researchers at Henry Ford Hospital found that heavier prostate cancer patients have larger tumors. The study of 3,327 patients revealed a direct correlation between BMI and tumor volume, suggesting that obesity may contribute to the aggressive nature of the disease.
A major study found that patients with Parkinson's disease respond similarly to deep brain stimulation (DBS) at two different brain targets, challenging current beliefs. Motor symptoms such as tremor and stiffness improved equally in both groups.
Research from Brigham Young University reveals that employees who telecommute and use flexible schedules balance their work and family life better than office workers. The study found that telecommuters can maintain a healthy balance for 57 hours per week, compared to 38 hours for office workers.
A team of researchers from the University of Liverpool identified a male pheromone called darcin, which attracts females and is responsible for learned preference for specific males in mice. Darcin consistently doubled the time spent near a male's scent and was shown to stimulate female memory and attraction.
Researchers discovered that Lactobacillus reuteri reduces muscle contractions in the gut within minutes of exposure. This bacterium naturally occurs in human breast milk, suggesting a potential treatment for various gut disorders.
A large international study found that a burger diet may boost children's risk of asthma and wheeze, particularly in developed nations. Conversely, a Mediterranean diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and fish appears to reduce this risk. The study, published in Thorax, analyzed data from over 50,000 children aged 8-12 from 20 countries.
A new study in Nature highlights the importance of population diversity within species for maintaining stable fisheries. Without sufficient diversity, fisheries would close more frequently, leading to economic instability. The study emphasizes the need to preserve habitat networks to maintain population diversity.
The University of Leicester is involved in the ExoMars mission, which aims to characterise the chemical, geological and possible biological environment on Mars. The mission will attempt to gather samples from a depth 1-2m below the surface where they are protected from radiation.
AMIA members receive workforce and SHARP grants to develop curriculum and train informatics specialists. The grants support the adoption of health IT and electronic health records, aiming to create a high-performing healthcare system.
A study found that community interventions and in-home visits can slow excess weight gain in American Indian children, increasing breastfeeding rates to 74% and reducing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. The interventions also boosted confidence levels for families to drink more water and limit sugary drinks.
Research by NiCole Keith highlights the need for physicians to consider physical activity levels a vital sign, similar to height and blood pressure. Regular discussions about exercise habits can help reduce stigma and promote healthy behaviors, leading to better weight management outcomes.
A new instrument, Centrifuge Force Microscope (CFM), uses centrifugal force to manipulate molecules, offering a low-cost and simple approach to single-molecule manipulation. This technique enables researchers to study the interactions of thousands of molecules simultaneously.
A study by University of Adelaide scientists has confirmed that a mutated OAS1 gene increases the vulnerability of horses to the West Nile virus. The findings suggest that genetic mechanisms play a similar role in humans and horses, highlighting the potential for screening valuable horses for the presence of the mutation.
A study published in The Lancet Oncology found that zoledronic acid reduced the number of tumor cells in bone marrow at surgery and improved bone density in women with stage II or III breast cancer. The treatment may also help fight certain types of breast tumors directly.
A Northwestern University study reveals that successful academics struggle to mentor students during the latter half of their careers. The research, analyzing 60 years of mathematicians and their advisees, found that mentors who advised fewer students had more successful protégés.
Researchers will collect data on aerosol particles in the Sacramento Valley from June 2-28, using airplanes, ground instruments, and weather balloons. The goal is to improve computer models simulating climate change by understanding aerosols' role in scattering and absorbing sunlight.
The new 'dipstick' test uses a special paper strip with antibodies to accurately determine blood type, promising to save millions of lives through successful blood transfusions. The cost-effective method could be particularly useful in veterinary medicine for typing animals' blood in the field.
A new ultrasensitive PSA test using nanoparticle technology can detect low levels of PSA in the blood that indicate cancer recurrence. The test may provide early and more accurate answers, allowing doctors to act at the earliest and most sensitive time for patients' long-term survival.
A new model proposes that the cosmic ray knee is caused by interactions between nuclei and photons at acceleration sources, explaining both the knee and recent electron/positron excesses. The model suggests a sharp break in the CR spectra at the knee energy due to rapid energy loss.
Researchers discovered a chain of molecular events that increase skin cancer risk, enabling doctors to assess genetic risk and develop new sunscreens. The study may lead to genetically tested sunscreens and personalized medicine for individuals carrying MC1R gene changes.
Chemical biologist Dr. Carolyn Bertozzi has made groundbreaking contributions to biotechnology, including bioorthogonal chemical reactions and genetically-encoded aldehyde tag technology. Her work has the potential to facilitate early cancer detection and develop novel protein drugs.
A new gene on chromosome 13 has been identified as a potential cause of bowel cancer spread and progression. The discovery is based on a large family study that analyzed the genetic profiles of 81 family members over five generations.
Researchers have discovered that peach and plum extracts induce the death of breast cancer cells without harming normal cells. The compounds chlorogenic and neochlorogenic were found to be responsible for this differential effect.
Charles Steidel receives the 2010 Cosmology Prize for his revolutionary studies of distant galaxies, opening a direct observational window to the universe's early age. His work has allowed us to witness the dramatic transformation galaxies undergo throughout their lives.
A Colorado State University biologist discovered a nutrient that activates a neurological pathway driving food intake in hibernating marmots. By releasing the molecule AICAR, researchers found the animals' appetite is stimulated when energy levels within cells are low, mimicking human obesity and eating disorders.
Researchers developed a nanosponge-based delivery system that is three to five times more effective than direct injection in reducing tumor growth. The system uses biodegradable particles with predictable release characteristics, making it an attractive alternative for targeted cancer therapy.
A new computer model developed by NC State University researchers allows engineers to test different vehicle designs for a Mars rover. The model takes into account various conditions such as wind and terrain, enabling informed decisions about the final design characteristics.
The US military has developed a set of ultra-strength cleaners that can effectively neutralize toxic chemicals, including nerve gas and mustard gas. The new decontamination agents are non-toxic and based on ingredients found in foods, cosmetics, and other consumer products.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have developed a new synthetic stem cell growth matrix that overcomes major challenges in human embryonic stem cell research. The new coating, made from a water-soluble gel, has been shown to support long-term growth and maintenance of pluripotency in human embryonic stem cells.
A recent study reveals that the Neo-Tuberosum potato germplasm has its roots in Chile, challenging the long-held notion of its origins in the Andes. The Chilean potato's adaptation to long-day conditions made it a pre-adapted species for growth in other regions.