Patients with stage 2 or 3 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) who achieved a pathologic complete response (pCR) after presurgery chemotherapy had significantly improved event-free and overall survival compared to those with more than minimal residual invasive disease. This benefit was observed in patients with larger tumors or lymph ...
A Kaiser Permanente study found that a lifestyle intervention program increased the likelihood of meeting postpartum weight goals by 45% for women with gestational diabetes. The program also boosted vigorous-intensity physical activity by an average of 15.4 minutes per week.
A study published in Menopause journal found that over half of women after menopause experience vulvovaginal symptoms, affecting lifestyle and sex life. Nearly a third haven't seen a gynecologist in two years, while most aren't receiving standard treatment for genitourinary syndrome of menopause.
MicroRNAs, specifically miR-125a, control endothelial cell proliferation and are increased in lung tissue of hypoxia-exposed animals. Inhibition of miR-125a increases expression of tumor suppressor genes, reducing cell proliferation.
A recent study identified 20 previously unknown host molecules that enable influenza A viruses to replicate and spread. Blocking these host proteins can inhibit viral growth and slow disease progression in mice. The researchers developed a public web portal to facilitate drug development and analysis of host-protein interactions.
Researchers at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health report a strong association between new onset epilepsy and increased risk of suicide attempts. The study found that patients with new epilepsy had a nearly two-fold increased risk of recurrent suicide attempt compared to controls.
Researchers discovered a single genetic mutation responsible for 20% of severe congenital heart disease cases accompanied by neurodevelopmental disorders. The study used genomic sequencing to analyze 1,213 children with congenital heart disease and identified a subset of genes that act as conductors in organ formation.
A new study by scientists from the University of Chicago reveals that the unique pectoral fins of skates and rays are built using repurposed genes from typical limb-development pathways. The findings provide insight into the genetic mechanisms behind the evolution and diversification of vertebrate appendages.
Asymmetric cell division occurs when endosomes, containing signalling molecules, are distributed unevenly between daughter cells. The central spindle, a scaffold structure composed of microtubules, plays a crucial role in dispatching this information.
A new study suggests that lifting the EU pigswill ban could save around 1.8 million hectares of land by using heat-treated food waste as pig feed, cutting land use by 21.5% and feed costs in half. The model also shows that swill feeding is a safer alternative to grain-based diets.
University of Louisville scientists enhance understanding of muscle repair process by revealing the vital role of protein TAK1 in regulating satellite stem cells. The protein is required for satellite cell proliferation and survival to regenerate adult skeletal muscles after injury or disease.
A team of scientists has discovered that larger crystals of bacteriorhodopsin grow by consuming smaller crystals around them, creating a depletion zone. This phenomenon was observed using fluorescence microscopy over the course of a month, showing how the distribution of protein in the sample changed with time.
A new study by the University of Washington uses a unique volcanic eruption in Iceland to measure the effect of sulfur emissions on clouds. The results confirm that volcanoes cool the planet not just by emitting particles high in the atmosphere, but also by releasing low-level sulfur to influence cloud formation.
A recent study published in Nature Communications reveals that TET protein loss of function leads to rapid development of malignant cancer. The research found that mice lacking both Tet2 and Tet3 developed aggressive myeloid leukemia, highlighting the importance of TET proteins in maintaining genome stability and preventing cancer.
Scientists have found that wrapping tiny liquid droplets in ultrathin elastic sheets produces half-moon shapes similar to street foods. The researchers discovered this shape arises from the most efficient way to cover the drop, minimizing exposed liquid surface area.
A phase III trial found that women with luminal A subtype of breast cancer had comparable 10-year disease-free survival rates regardless of whether or not they received adjuvant chemotherapy. In contrast, patients with non-luminal A subtypes who received chemotherapy were 50% less likely to have their disease recur in 10 years.
The Rhine River has been found to be among the most polluted rivers worldwide due to high levels of microplastic pollution. The river's surface contained an average of 892,777 particles per square kilometer, with some areas reaching peak concentrations of up to 3.9 million plastic items per square kilometer.
A study by University of Pittsburgh researchers outlines a framework for developing catalysts that convert excess CO2 into liquid fuel. The catalyst's effectiveness is determined by its hydrogen adsorption energy and Lewis pair hardness, allowing for more efficient and inexpensive production.
Research found that hedge fund activism initially bolsters target companies but weakens competitors, potentially reducing innovation and consumer growth. Average investors are more likely to hold stock in competitor firms, which may face reduced investment in research and development.
Researchers developed a portable ultrahigh vacuum storage system to securely transport air-sensitive platinum metal clusters for XAFS measurements. The 'suitcase' can store up to three samples and is designed for public transportation, reducing travel time and increasing accessibility.
A large US study found that over half of patients with controlled type 2 diabetes receive more tests than recommended guidelines, leading to overtreatment and potential patient harm. The study also highlights fragmented care coordination as a possible reason for repeat tests.
A recent study suggests that eliminating food deserts may not lead to improved dietary quality in the US. Instead, initiatives like education and changes to food assistance programs can have a greater impact on reducing disparities in diet quality. The authors argue that addressing these disparities is crucial for improving public health.
A team of researchers from Lehigh University and partners studied self-assembled complexes of DNA wrapped around single-wall carbon nanotubes using two-color photoluminescence spectroscopy. They confirmed a fast DNA autoionization rate and demonstrated that DNA holds the nanotube in water without changing its properties.
New research shows women now spend more years with moderate or severe disability and 2.5 years more with mild disability compared to 20 years ago. Despite this, women's life expectancy at age 65 increased by 3.6 years, while men's life expectancy increased by 4.5 years.
A phase 1B clinical trial of the novel antidepressant NSI-189 has shown that the compound appears to be safe and may be effective against depression. The study found improvements in depressive and cognitive symptoms in study participants, with effects persisting for several months after treatment discontinuation.
A new theory explains how ice becomes slippery when a hard material slides across it, improving ski design and understanding glacier movement. The study uses experimental data to connect temperature and sliding speed to friction on ice.
The African cheetah's migration from North America was costly, resulting in a reduced gene pool and increased inbreeding rates. The species' genetic variation has been severely impacted, with only 90-99% of its original diversity remaining.
Researchers found that combining palbociclib with paclitaxel shrank tumors in nearly half of patients with estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer. The combination appears to be safe and may offer benefits over paclitaxel alone, suggesting a larger clinical trial is warranted.
A study reveals that factors contributing to healthy living behaviors among children differ between countries, challenging the notion of a 'one-size-fits-all' approach. Short sleep duration and poor sleep quality are linked to unhealthy habits in high-income countries, while flexibility and discretionary time may play a role in low-inc...
Pat Segu, a clinical associate professor at the University of Houston College of Optometry, received the prestigious Distinguished Service Award from the Vision Care Section of the American Public Health Association. Her work in establishing clinics, programs, and associations has improved access to eye care for underserved communities.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 54 studies involving over 17,000 physicians found that nearly one-third screened positive for depression or depressive symptoms during residency. The overall pooled prevalence was 29%, with an increased prevalence in later calendar years.
Researchers at University of Missouri breed pigs that do not produce protein CD163, which helps spread PRRS virus. The study could save the swine industry hundreds of millions of dollars annually by preventing this disease.
A new study found that black patients receiving Medicare are less likely to receive biologic therapies for moderate to severe psoriasis than white patients, while those without low-income subsidy are also at a disadvantage. Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory disorder, has limited therapeutic options due to high costs and limited insuran...
A review article discusses novel tissue engineering approaches to repair spinal disc herniation, targeting underlying disc injury or instability. The emerging biological repair methods show promising preclinical outcomes, potentially reducing pain and restoring spine motion.
A study of over 21,000 women found that only 1 in 6 with increased breast cancer risk take preventive medication, despite being eligible for clinical trials. Most women who started the medication continued taking it for at least a year, but usage declined over time.
A Singapore-led team, with support from the Swiss Rising Tide Foundation, is conducting a Phase III clinical trial to evaluate Aspirin as secondary prevention therapy for patients with established colorectal cancer. The study aims to determine the effectiveness of Aspirin in reducing cancer recurrence and mortality.
The temple of Angkor Wat has been found to be significantly larger and more complex than previously believed, featuring an entire ensemble of buried 'towers' and a massive structure bounded on its south side. The discovery challenges traditional understanding of the social hierarchy of the Angkor Wat community.
Researchers have discovered a way to manipulate the parasite that causes African sleeping sickness, making it easier for the host immune system to eliminate. By inhibiting specific proteins, they can 'trick' the parasite into a different stage of its lifecycle.
The Salk Institute has identified a drug called JQ1 that prevents and reverses liver fibrosis in animals, a condition that replaces normal liver cells with scar tissue until the organ no longer works. This discovery may also treat fibrosis in other organs such as the lung, pancreas, and kidney.
Researchers found a combination of adult stem cells and parathyroid hormone significantly increased new bone formation in laboratory animals. The therapy also showed enhanced stem cell migration to the area of bone fractures, leading to improved bone density.
Researchers found that hip x-rays are unreliable for diagnosing hip osteoarthritis in most cases, potentially delaying treatment and missing affected individuals. The study suggests that patients with suspected hip OA should be treated regardless of x-ray confirmation.
A pediatric study of 341 children with sickle cell disease found that prasugrel did not significantly reduce the rate of pain crises or severe lung complications. The trial, conducted across 13 developed and developing nations, was one of the largest and geographically broadest trials on sickle cell disease to date.
Researchers developed a new technique called photogeometric scene flow (PGSF) that combines three computer vision methods to capture high-quality and detailed facial features. The method produces superior results in capturing facial details, making it extremely valuable for realistic facial reconstructions.
A group of 40 climate experts warn that relying on carbon-capture technologies may not be enough to combat global warming. They emphasize the need for swift and aggressive cuts in greenhouse gas emissions to avoid Earth's temperature increasing by more than 2 degrees Celsius.
Researchers at Oxford University have successfully conducted human trials on the 'rescued' drug ebselen, which may offer a safer alternative to lithium for treating bipolar disorder. The initial trial found that ebselen had similar effects on the brain as lithium and showed promise in reducing side effects.
A recent study found that delay discounting, the tendency to choose smaller rewards now rather than larger ones later, is strongly influenced by genetics. As individuals age, their ability to wait for larger delayed rewards improves. The study suggests that genes related to serotonin synthesis and binding may play a role in impulsivity.
The UTSA-led team will design and develop piezoelectric sensors to generate electricity from moving vehicles, powering roadside lights, traffic signals, and electric car charging stations. This technology has been field-tested in US and international studies, offering a clean alternative to fossil fuel-generated power.
A study by Aarhus University reveals that breeding confident mink can improve fur quality. The research found a strong correlation between confidence and pelt quality, suggesting that selecting for confident mink can lead to better welfare and fewer stress issues during handling.
New studies from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine found that aspirin use is not associated with improved clinical outcomes or survival among breast cancer patients. However, another study suggests that aspirin may help reduce breast tissue density, which could lead to earlier detection of some breast cancers.
A new study analyzing 50 years of research on depression in medical residency found that nearly one-third of new doctors may be depressed, with potential consequences for their patients' health. The study's findings emphasize the need for improved mental health support and strategies to prevent and treat depression among young doctors.
A new species of toothed pterosaur, Cimoliopterus dunni, discovered in Texas and linked to its closest relative in England. The discovery suggests prehistoric creatures moved between North America and England earlier than previously thought.
A new UCL study found that concentrating attention on a visual task significantly reduces brain response to sound and increases failures to detect audible sounds. This phenomenon, known as inattentional deafness, has serious implications for everyday life and tasks requiring focus, such as operating theatres or driving.
A study found that individuals with internet access are 5% more likely to claim ignorance when faced with general-knowledge questions. This suggests that constant connectivity to information leads to a diminished reliance on personal knowledge.
A study published in The Journal of Neuroscience found that playing 3D video games improved memory performance by 12% in non-gamer college students, while 2D gamers did not. This suggests that environmental enrichment through immersive gaming may be a viable route to stem cognitive aging.
Researchers found an increase in healthy ageing, with less cognitive impairment and more years lived in good health. However, the proportion of people with mild disability increased, leading to a larger number of unhealthy individuals.
New research reveals a genetic influence on choosing immediate rewards over delayed ones, linked to serotonin and kappa opioid receptors. This finding suggests a potential genetic basis for impulsivity and addiction-related behaviors.
Researchers at Binghamton University found that text messages ending with a period are rated as less sincere than those without punctuation. The study suggests that punctuation influences the perceived meaning of text messages and is used to convey emotions and social information.
A new decision support tool has been developed to help farmers and policymakers optimize soil carbon stocks and fertility. The tool identifies five cost-effective methods to improve soil health, including crop rotation, residue handling, and conservation agriculture.
A new lifestyle risk score has identified two new risk factors: sedentary behavior and sleep. Higher scores were associated with greater risk of mortality, with a population attributable risk of 31.3%. The findings reaffirm the importance of healthy lifestyles for adults aged 45 and older.
A University of California, Riverside assistant professor will lead a team studying the role of soil in crop water use and response to drought. The research aims to design management strategies based on understanding soil carbon and its microbiome.