Researchers discovered a bacterium in Lechuguilla Cave that resists 18 different antibiotics, including 'drugs of last resort'. This finding suggests evolutionary pressure has driven resistance for millions of years, not just since antibiotics were introduced.
A large multicenter cohort study found that radiation therapy increased complications and impaired patient-reported satisfaction with reconstructed breasts in breast cancer patients who received implant reconstruction. However, no worsening of outcomes was observed in those who received autologous reconstruction. The study suggests tha...
Physicists at the University of Würzburg have discovered a new electronic state in topological crystalline insulators, creating conductive channels for electrical currents. The channels are narrow and robust, making the materials suitable for ultra-fast and energy-efficient computers.
Researchers at Ohio State University found that scheduling leisure activities makes them seem like work, leading to reduced enjoyment. Roughly planning an event, however, can lead to similar levels of enjoyment as unplanned events.
A new study found that mobile-money services in Kenya increased daily per capita consumption levels by 194,000, or 2%, lifting households out of extreme poverty. Female-headed households saw a significant increase in consumption and occupation shifts, with an estimated 185,000 women moving from farming to business occupations.
While wait times varied between states, improvements were noted in South Carolina, Virginia, and Maryland, with Florida seeing "tremendous improvement". However, some states still have a long way to go before wait times are within acceptable limits, and disparities persist between black and white voters.
The Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft has awarded prizes to three institutions, including the Humboldt University of Berlin, Goethe University Frankfurt, and GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, in recognition of their innovative research marketing ideas. The winning proposals focus on enhancing international visibility and attrac...
The author's approach to decision processes uses game theory and spatial geometry to create a unified deterministic extension. This foundation allows for the extrapolation of local behaviors to entire social structures, with significant consequences for understanding stable social structures.
A new study suggests that a metabolite of ketamine can produce antidepressant-like effects in mice, potentially leading to further research on the efficacy and safety of ketamine in humans. Ketamine has been shown to have rapid and potent antidepressant effects in humans, even in those resistant to traditional treatments.
Researchers found that moderate exercise improved spatial memory impairments in type 2 diabetic rats, possibly due to increased lactate levels and normalization of glycogen levels. Exercise also normalized MCT2 expression, which may be a key mechanism underlying the improved memory function.
A large Canadian clinical trial found that a new treatment strategy for locally advanced squamous cell head and neck cancer did not show better results compared to the current standard of care. The study provided valuable data on quality of life and biospecimens from 320 patients, informing future research.
Researchers discovered that blocking IL-6 in psoriasis patients may not prevent skin inflammation, but its levels are central to thrombosis events triggered by skin inflammation. A compensatory 'workaround' mechanism involving other immune system molecules is proposed to explain the findings.
A study found that type 1 diabetes patients with elevated albumin in their urine had triple the risk of life-threatening kidney and cardiac disease compared to those with normal levels. Copeptin levels were significantly higher in these patients, suggesting a new potential target for therapies.
Researchers have identified six loci linked to personality traits and found correlations between these traits and distinct psychiatric disorders. Personality factors such as extraversion and neuroticism were associated with specific genetic variants.
A team of researchers suggests that the lifelong immunity to toxoplasmosis, once thought to be absolute, may not be as robust as previously believed. Studies have shown that even expectant mothers infected with Toxoplasma gondii at birth can still test positive for antibodies, challenging the long-held dogma.
Atlantic killifish have evolved remarkable resilience to toxic industrial pollutants, with genetic diversity playing a key role in their adaptation. The study's findings could help explain how genetic differences among humans contribute to varying sensitivity to environmental chemicals.
Researchers have discovered that transplanting immature interneurons into the brains of mice can help reduce fear response. The study found that these transplanted cells reactivated a juvenile-like plasticity in the mature amygdala, enhancing synaptic plasticity and modulating fear extinction behavior.
A review article in EMBO Reports highlights how flawed clinical research is often publicized with hype and sensationalism by the media, leading to devastating effects on patients and society. Experts suggest strategies to prevent distorted study results from being accepted by medical professionals and the general public.
Researchers at University of Nevada, Reno partner with Earthwatch Institute to study Sierra meadow ecosystems and their carbon storage potential. Citizen scientists from northern California and Reno area participate in project, measuring carbon stored in plants and vegetation.
Researchers have developed a facile synthesis method for complex biologically active oligopeptides, including feglymycin. The new approach uses micro-flow amide bond formation to overcome challenges in synthesizing arylglycine-containing peptides, which are present in various natural products with potent biological activity.
A University of Manchester study of 2,000 UK doctors found no link between performance-related pay and GP job satisfaction. Despite concerns over its impact on morale, the study suggests that dropping performance-related pay may not increase satisfaction.
A new technique enriches animations by simulating fine detail and smooth large-scale appearance of granular materials. The method, developed by Disney Research, ETH Zurich and Dartmouth College, significantly expands the number of grain types that can be rendered together.
New research reveals that climate change has led to the local extinctions of hundreds of plant and animal species worldwide. The study found that these extinctions have occurred in over 450 species, despite global warming being less than 1 degree Celsius so far.
Scientists have isolated three families of proteins that can turn off CRISPR-Cas9 systems specifically used for gene editing. This discovery offers a new strategy to prevent unintended changes in the genome, making gene editing more precise and controlled.
A study by Aalto University and the Helsinki Institute for Information Technology used EEG to model user interest in Wikipedia articles, predicting search intentions and recommending relevant documents. This technology has potential to assist humans by automatically monitoring and gathering information through wearable EEG sensors.
Researchers are preparing to tackle an onslaught of petabytes of complex data from sophisticated experiments, including CERN's Large Hadron Collider. To keep up with the challenge, experts propose developing exascale supercomputers and smarter networks, as well as reengineering software to adapt to future hardware developments.
Researchers provide a major perspective on four key problems in magnetic reconnection, including the rate problem, trigger problem, energetics problem, and interplay of scales problem. The study advances understanding of these puzzles using data from satellite sightings, laboratory experiments, and computer simulations.
Researchers used a model to simulate human migration in the Americas, finding that east-west migration was easier due to transferable knowledge. The study reveals how modularity of knowledge interacts with asymmetry during migration, with implications for understanding cancer metastasis and other biological systems.
Tiny soil predators called protists 'eavesdrop' on bacteria's communication using scent, helping them choose the best prey. The discovery could lead to practical applications in biological pest control and agricultural research.
A team of researchers at Caltech and the University of Oxford identified a protein that degrades and inhibits biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the primary pathogen in cystic fibrosis infections. This discovery offers a new approach to inhibit biofilm development and has promise for treating antibiotic-resistant biofilm infections.
Researchers at Vienna University of Technology have created a nano-roundabout for light signals using an atomic switch, allowing for precise control over the direction of circulation. The system utilizes a bottle resonator and a single rubidium atom to break symmetry and define traffic rules.
Researchers discovered a 17th-century variola virus in a child mummy, providing a more accurate timeline for the evolution of smallpox. The study suggests that smallpox may have appeared in humans more recently than previously thought, and its evolutionary history was influenced by human migration and colonization.
A study estimates that mobile money improved the lives of 194,000 Kenyan households, lifting them out of extreme poverty. Increased access to mobile money also boosted long-term consumption, especially among female-headed households.
Researchers have identified a key role for ZG16 in protecting the body from intestinal bacteria, preventing inflammation and abdominal fat accumulation. The discovery provides new insights into the mechanisms of inflammatory bowel diseases and obesity.
Cryptophyte algae have been found to harness light energy at an unprecedented rate, thanks to the ability of molecular vibrations to enhance photon absorption. This discovery has potential applications in developing more efficient light-harvesting technologies, such as sensors and communication systems.
Researchers created graphene-infused G-putty, a highly sensitive material that detects heart rates through skin and individual spider footsteps. The unique substance surpasses conventional strain sensors in sensitivity, with potential applications in various fields.
Scientists have traced back 200 million years of eye evolution in turtles and crocodiles, discovering that their adaptations led to the loss of color vision. Turtles developed reduced color vision for freshwater habitats, while crocodiles adapted for dim light.
Sun, a civil engineering and engineering mechanics professor at Columbia University, has won the award for his project on modeling high-rate responses of wetted granular materials. He aims to improve predictions of large-scale field problems using insights from small-scale observations and simulations.
Researchers used smoking/vaping robots to study e-cigarette aerosol's effect on human lung cells. The results show that e-cigarette aerosol is effectively delivered to cell surfaces, despite having a reduced biological impact compared to cigarette smoke.
A new study describes an early marsupial relative called Didelphodon vorax with the strongest bite force of any mammal ever recorded. It had a powerful bite and could eat a variety of foods, including small dinosaurs.
Researchers have created extremely sensitive sensors using graphene-infused silly putty, which can measure breathing, pulse, and blood pressure with unprecedented sensitivity. The material shows promise for applications in medical devices and diagnostics, offering a potentially inexpensive alternative to traditional sensors.
Microglia coordinates reinforcements to warn neighbouring cells of invading virus, recruiting astroglia and neurons to remove injured or killed cells. The discovery aims to contribute to new treatment of brain diseases like multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease.
A recent hospital discharge, and prepares them for successful transition back into community settings. Older black patients bear a disproportionate risk of readmissions, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Researchers used NASA satellites and airport visibility sensors to estimate exposures to air pollution in US troops who fought in Iraq and Afghanistan. The studies aim to build reliable tools for epidemiologists to tease out links between respiratory health and exposure.
Researchers assess environmental costs of electric vehicles, identifying material trade-offs to mitigate climate change. A new framework guides developers in choosing sustainable materials for batteries and fuel cells.
A new report by University of Illinois professors recommends standardizing sharing of data sets and software code to improve reproducibility in computational research. The recommendations include documenting digital objects, making datasets and workflows accessible, and implementing reproducibility checks before publication.
A study by researchers at UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center identified biomarkers that predict how patients with HER2-positive breast cancer will respond to targeted treatment trastuzumab and chemotherapy. The biomarkers are based on gene signatures, genetic mutations, and immune responses.
Researchers have made a major discovery about how cells control when to divide, revealing a key part of the cellular machinery that prevents cells from dividing until DNA is properly aligned. This finding could lead to new treatments for cancer by forcing cancer cells into premature division and killing them.
Researchers have found that the RNA modification m6A plays a vital role in regulating genes in the nervous system and influencing sex determination in fruit flies. This study sheds light on the importance of m6A in fine-tuning gene expression and neuronal function.
Scientists discovered truncated p53 proteins that can promote cancer growth and metastasis. The mutant proteins interact with mitochondria and alter its functions, leading to tumor progression and poor outcomes.
New research from Brigham Young University finds that running decreases pro-inflammatory molecules in the knee joint, reducing inflammation. The study suggests exercise can be a type of medicine for preventing osteoarthritis and delaying its onset.
A Colorado study found that self-harm was the leading cause of pregnancy-associated deaths from 2004 to 2014. Researchers urge more mental health care for new mothers after delivery to reduce such deaths.
Researchers found that Caribbean spiny lobsters get 20% of their food from lucinid clams with chemosynthetic bacteria in their gills. This discovery highlights the importance of chemosynthesis in shallow waters, supporting populations and fisheries worth millions.
A new study found that paternal phthalate exposure before conception may be associated with lower-quality embryos, with certain chemicals inversely linked to high-quality blastocysts. The research, published in Human Reproduction, suggests a potential link between preconception environmental health and reproductive success.
The project aims to establish a theoretical framework for low-latency wireless communications, enabling the design of novel systems with improved efficiency. Current systems rely on large correction codes to protect against transmission errors, but future systems will exchange information in real-time, requiring shorter correction codes.
New research from Simon Fraser University aims to revolutionize In vitro fertilization (IVF) success rates using machine vision software. The software analyzes images of embryos with confirmed pregnancy outcomes to identify key developmental attributes, increasing the likelihood of successful clinical pregnancies.
Researchers at MIT have developed a noninvasive technique using LED lights to reduce beta amyloid plaques in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. The treatment induces gamma oscillations, which suppress beta amyloid production and invigorate cells responsible for destroying the plaques.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have made a groundbreaking discovery that could revolutionize the petroleum industry. By altering the molecular structure of alkanes, they can significantly increase their flow rate, potentially reducing fueling times to mere seconds.
Researchers found a gene from the common fruit fly that can be expressed in plants to improve TNT removal from contaminated soil. The breakthrough has the potential to clean up millions of hectares of land contaminated by munitions.
Scientists have discovered a new class of compounds that can be used to target cancer cells with greater specificity. The technology uses naturally occurring enzymes to trigger the release of therapeutic payloads only at cancer sites.