Researchers found that coral reef halos are more likely to occur in no-take marine reserves and are influenced by species interactions between plant-eating fishes and invertebrate-eating fishes. The presence of halos may serve as an indicator of aspects of reef ecosystem health.
A study analyzing over 7,000 tumors and normal samples reveals two simple patterns related to NAD production, a biomolecule essential to metabolism. Cancer cells' reliance on specific pathways for NAD production can be exploited with targeted therapies, offering new avenues for treating cancer.
The UCR School of Medicine will conduct research on collegiate recovery with a focus on increasing awareness, improving treatment support, and incorporating students' voices in decision-making. This effort aims to reduce stigma and improve outcomes for students in recovery.
A specially designed mobile game, Sea Hero Quest, can detect people at risk of Alzheimer's by analyzing their spatial navigation skills. Researchers found that those with a high genetic risk, like the APOE4 gene, performed worse on the game, highlighting a potential early detection method.
Researchers found a new species of 90-95 million-year-old crab fossil with multiple marine arthropod characteristics, showcasing an unusual branch on the crustacean tree of life. The exceptional preservation allowed detailed reconstruction and 3D-printer-ready models.
Scientists have discovered a major deep carbon sink linked to microbes near volcano chains, storing up to 19% more CO2 than previously believed. This finding reveals the critical role of microorganisms in buffering climate change by incorporating and forming calcite.
Scientists study cloud top temperatures and identify strongest storms around the center of circulation and in a band of thunderstorms southwest of the center. The satellite data reveals cold cloud tops, indicating powerful storms with high rainfall potential.
Researchers have identified a new thermoelectric material in tin selenide, which can convert 20% of heat into electrical energy, exceeding the efficiency of bismuth telluride. The material's crystal structure changes at high temperatures or pressures, producing a semi-metallic state that enhances its thermoelectric properties.
From 1998 to 2015, US spending on outpatient care for depression increased by 43%, primarily due to expanded insurance coverage for mental health conditions. The study analyzed national survey data and found a significant association between increased healthcare spending and improved mental health treatment outcomes.
Scientists have discovered the three major shapes of the serotonin transporter using cryo-EM technology. The study provides new avenues for developing medications to treat addiction without hallucinogenic properties.
Researchers applied principal component analysis to receiver function data, improving signal-to-noise ratio and separating structural variations. The new method effectively constrains the crustal structure beneath targeted stations.
Researchers have uncovered a new set of rules that predict how the tissue of origin influences tumor genetic makeup, with potential implications for targeted cancer therapies. The study found that cancer cells are addicted to specific NAD synthesis pathways, making them vulnerable to targeted interventions.
Scientists have successfully preserved frozen animal cells without using cryoprotectant agents (CPAs), which can be toxic and cause cell damage. The new method relies on ultrarapid cooling, achieving vitrification and cryopreservation with minimal damage to the cells.
Researchers found that in-soil placement of fertilizer resulted in less phosphorus loss from snowmelt runoff. This practice helps roots access and take up phosphorus, reducing its interaction with runoff. The study's findings aim to encourage growers to adopt environmentally friendly practices.
Researchers identified a specific network of cellular communication in the emotion-processing region of the brain driving mice to overeat tasty food despite full energy needs. This 'hedonic' feeding circuit may help explain why humans often overeat in modern environments with abundant and delicious fare.
Huachen Cui, Ryan Hensleigh, Hongshun Chen and Xiaoyu Zheng won the JMR Paper of the Year Award for their work on additive manufacturing and high-temperature ceramic metamaterials. The paper demonstrates an approach to fabricate three-dimensional microarchitected materials with high specific strength.
China's regional pollution policies are causing unintended spillover effects, increasing air and water pollution in neighboring provinces. The models project a significant increase in pollutants, carbon dioxide emissions, and water consumption outside the capital cities.
A team of researchers at the Alfred Wegener Institute identified a parasite with functional mitochondria that produce energy without its own genetic material. The Amoebophrya ceratii parasite has nearly all metabolic processes working, allowing it to thrive on its own with significantly reduced genetic material.
Researchers from the University of Kent have found that a newly discovered Ebolavirus, known as Bombali, is unlikely to cause severe disease in humans. The study compared amino acid sequences of virus proteins and identified positions that determine whether a virus causes disease in humans.
A UA team shows that evolution is driven by dependency on other species within ecological communities, testing a long-held idea of the UA's late, great George Gaylord Simpson. This research confirms the prediction and reveals mechanisms for understanding how species gain and lose reliance on others in their communities.
Researchers at MIT have developed a novel fluorescence imaging system to improve surgery for ovarian cancer, enabling surgeons to detect and remove tumors as small as 0.3 millimeters. This technology has shown promising results in mice, with median survival rates 40% longer than those without image guidance.
Researchers have identified distinct sensory neuron systems for detecting different intensities of cold in mammals, which may lead to the development of new drugs for treating cold-related pain. The study found that Trpm8 neurons detect acute cold and NaV1.8-expressing neurons detect prolonged extreme cold.
Yu-ming Huang and Abhay Thakur have been awarded the Protein Science Best Paper Award for their pioneering work on biomolecular diffusion and protein folding. Their research has shed new light on the importance of diffusional channeling in metabolism, signaling, and other cellular processes.
Research reveals that reindeer on Svalbard island are adapting to climate change by eating seaweed during harsh winters. Stable isotope studies show that the reindeer eat seaweed as a supplementary source of nutrition, but not exclusively, as they need normal food to sustain themselves.
A team of UC students used a novel approach called Network Assisted Genomic Association (NAGA) to identify schizophrenia genes from terabytes of data. The technique outperformed previously published methods and ran the analysis in under five minutes.
A study by ISGlobal found that particulate matter exposure takes away 125,000 years of healthy life from European children each year. Air pollution is the leading cause of disease burden, followed by passive tobacco smoke.
A recent study published in Scientific Reports reveals a vast diversity of ocean microbes called protists, which form complex relationships with other members of the microbial food web. The research team analyzed over 900 single cell genomes, documenting genetic code that had never been identified before.
A machine-learning system using clinical natural language processing and genome sequencing diagnose rare genetic diseases in record time, providing critical information to intensive care physicians. The automated pipeline achieved significant time-savings and concurred with expert manual interpretation in 97% of cases.
Chain Reaction Innovations' third cohort of five new innovators will leverage Argonne National Laboratory's resources to develop market-ready businesses. The program aims to accelerate energy and science technologies, with a focus on water sensing, hydrogen technologies, and energy storage.
A new study by Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health documents specific characteristics of storefront tobacco advertisements, highlighting variations in ad features across product categories. The research found that cigarette ads dominated window space, while cigar and ENDS ads were more commonly placed near entry points.
A new reference genome of Scutellaria baicalensis reveals the genes that produce valuable compounds, enabling the development of sustainable therapeutics. The discovery could lead to rapid access to a wide range of therapeutic drugs.
Researchers at the University of Zurich's XENON1T detector have observed the slowest atom decay ever measured, with a half-life time over a trillion times longer than the age of the universe. This rare process, called double electron capture, was detected for the first time and has implications for understanding dark matter.
Researchers used brain signals from epilepsy patients to program a computer to mimic natural speech, potentially improving quality of life for paralyzed individuals. The study successfully recreated vocal sounds with varying accuracy and demonstrated generalizability across patients.
A new study concludes that EU's restrictive regulation of GMO crops cannot be justified, even considering risks to the environment. The researchers argue that GMO crops can be consistent with organic farming principles and should not be treated differently from conventional products.
Researchers at NTNU have created a new electronic component that emits ultraviolet light, replacing traditional fluorescent lamps with a non-toxic and cheaper alternative. The technology has the potential to increase market demand for UVC products by 40% annually.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have uncovered the role of a neurotransmitter called N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG) in the spread of aggressive cancers. NAAG is found to be more abundant in higher-grade cancers, making it a potential marker for tumor progression or regression during cancer therapy.
A new study led by Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health found that consuming propionate may trigger a cascade of metabolic events leading to insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. The research also showed that mice exposed to chronic propionate resulted in weight gain and insulin resistance.
Researchers developed an AI-powered platform that rapidly diagnoses genetic diseases in critically ill infants, matching expert interpretation in 95 cases. The platform correctly diagnosed three of seven ICU patients with 100% sensitivity and precision, affecting treatment outcomes.
A new species of perennial Bromus has been identified in the Iberian Peninsula, specifically in Picos de Europa National Park. The plant is a small rhizomatous herb with distinctive features, and its discovery highlights the region's biodiversity.
A study by Mònica Figueras and colleagues found that reggaeton can contribute to feminist claims with lyrics containing strong messages about equal rights and opposition to gender-based violence. The musical projects analyzed gave a new meaning to the body movement perreo, linking it to women's free choice of dance
A groundbreaking study reveals that microbes in subduction zones consume and trap carbon, reducing its availability on Earth's surface. This process has significant implications for understanding Earth's fundamental processes and the potential to mitigate climate change.
Physicists at Rice University have reported the first direct observation of two-neutrino double electron capture for xenon 124, a process that decays into tellurium 124 with an estimated half-life of 160 trillion years. This discovery puts the half-life closer to 18 sextillion years, challenging our understanding of this isotope.
A recent geography study by the University of Cincinnati found that hot temperatures are a better predictor of western wildfires than other factors. The researchers identified other risk factors, including vegetation cover and proximity to roads and population centers, which can increase the likelihood of wildfires.
A team of Arizona State University psychologists tested how people interpret the timing and sequence of physical touches, finding that people tend to prioritize their own action when sequencing events. The study used three experiments to test this effect, with consistent results showing a 50 millisecond delay in perceived time.
A new study reveals discrepancies in food insecurity estimates among college students, emphasizing the importance of accurate measurement to address hunger. Researchers found varying prevalence rates depending on survey protocols, suggesting that traditional methods may not capture the full scope of food insecurity on campus.
A study found that a spinal muscular atrophy drug can improve motor function and stabilize disease activity in older children with the disease, even those with SMA type II and III. The treatment, nusinersen, increased protein production essential for motor neurons to survive.
Researchers have developed a brain-machine interface that can generate synthetic speech by controlling a virtual vocal tract based on brain activity. The technology has the potential to restore fluent communication in individuals with severe speech disabilities, including those with paralysis and neurological diseases.
Researchers estimate the amount of negative pressure in liquid crystals confined in nanopores using a new method. The results show that increasing pressure slows down molecular mobility, while narrower channels increase it.
Researchers developed a new 3D simulation tool, Warp+PXR, to understand laser-plasma coupling mechanisms, enabling more detailed understanding of ultra-compact particle accelerators and light sources. The code improves accuracy and scalability, allowing for faster simulations and better understanding of complex physics experiments.
A new study reveals that ship traffic in Antarctic waters has increased up to 10-fold since the 1960s, posing a risk of invasive species altering the balance between species. The research informs future conservation management and policy for protecting Antarctica's unique biodiversity.
Researchers at Boston Children's Hospital demonstrate a robot that can autonomously navigate inside the body to reach a leaky heart valve. The robotic catheter uses AI and image processing to build a mental map of the cardiac anatomy, allowing it to find its way without surgeon guidance.
Researchers developed polymers that change color or fluorescence when subjected to mechanical load, addressing limitations of previous force-transducing molecules. The new concept allows for reversible detection of stress and is versatile, enabling applications in built-in monitors and stress mapping.
A Rutgers-led study found that female and male bees of the same species visit different flowers for food, with females collecting pollen at greater rates than males. The research suggests targeting flower preferences to maintain genetically diverse bee populations.
Researchers found a three-year breeding failure at Halley Bay colony due to unstable sea-ice conditions. The local population has largely disappeared, while nearby Dawson Lambton colony has increased in size as birds seek better breeding grounds.
A Johns Hopkins study found that few American adults eligible for diabetes prevention programs are being referred to or participating in these programs. Despite the high health and economic burden of type 2 diabetes, only 4.2 percent of those at risk were referred to a program, with even lower participation rates overall.
A recent study suggests that reinforced concrete walls in Seattle may experience up to 11% larger displacement and a higher probability of collapse during magnitude 9 earthquakes due to basin effects. The research highlights the need for updated building codes and retrofits to mitigate potential damage.
Researchers at the University of Bath have discovered that targeting fungal G-protein coupled receptors could be key to controlling Fusarium head blight, a devastating disease that affects wheat crops worldwide. By studying these receptors, scientists hope to develop new approaches to control the disease and reduce crop losses.
Research found that schools with multicultural-based policies had minority students achieve just as well and feel a sense of belonging equally to their majority peers. In contrast, schools ignoring or rejecting diversity resulted in lower grades and less belonging among minority students.
A new study suggests that genetic testing, such as Oncotype DX, can help women with early-stage hormone-positive breast cancer avoid chemotherapy and save on treatment costs. The test is estimated to cost around $3,400, and its use could lead to a 8% reduction in chemotherapy costs, resulting in savings of about $338 million annually.
Research suggests that eclogitic diamonds originate from oceanic crust, not marine sediments, providing new insights into diamond formation and the deep carbon cycle. The study found that the oceanic crust contains a large reservoir of carbon, which is then recycled into diamonds in Earth's mantle.