Researchers at PSI have produced the most detailed image to date of a type of membrane protein involved in signal transmission. They discovered that this protein inhibits itself, preventing overproduction of cAMP, an important secondary messenger in cell signaling.
Researchers have discovered that injecting cells called pericytes into muscles depleted by inactivity can help restore lost muscle mass. The treatment showed significant improvement in muscle recovery compared to those who regained mobility without injections, particularly in older adults and disabled individuals.
Researchers identified six factors associated with increased risk of invasive breast cancer recurrence after ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) diagnosis. These factors include African-American race, premenopausal status, and high histological grade. The study's findings aim to reduce overtreatment of low-risk DCIS cases.
Stroke survivors are at up to four times greater risk of osteoporosis, bone breaks, and falls. Despite this, less than one-third of older women in the US are screened for osteoporosis.
The number of gonorrhoea cases in the EU/EEA has risen by 17% in 2017, with over 240 cases per day, largely due to antibiotic resistance. The majority of cases are reported among men who have sex with men, and women are increasingly affected as well.
Researchers have developed a new method to demonstrate liquid-like electron behavior in graphene, allowing for more accurate observation of hydrodynamic flow. This could lead to conduction with reduced energy loss and faster low-power devices.
Chemical engineers at the University of Pittsburgh have developed a system that mimics feeding, fighting, and fleeing responses in microbial particles. The system uses catalyst-coated sheets to create chemical gradients, allowing particles to respond to their environment and interact with each other.
Regular exercise increases antioxidant protein expression in skeletal muscle, driven by the cooperative action of p62 and Nrf2. Enhanced muscle contractility activates p62, leading to increased Nrf2 nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity.
Researchers studied over 8,000 genes and proteins in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) patients, finding abnormal DNA folding and gene activity. This discovery could improve understanding of hyperdiploid childhood leukaemia and develop more effective treatments.
The WINTHER trial successfully matched personalized therapy to 35% of patients with advanced cancer, showing improved overall survival for those with a high degree of matching. The trial's strategy employed RNA expression testing to tailor treatment based on gene expression differences between tumors and normal tissues.
Researchers reviewed 60 years of dengue literature to identify trends and knowledge gaps in the Philippines. The study found that the number of dengue publications increased, but there are still gaps in basic laboratory research and newer intervention measures.
Researchers at the George Washington University found dermcidin, an antimicrobial peptide, is downregulated in hidradenitis suppurativa skin, suggesting its role in disease pathogenesis. The study suggests multiple biological pathways are disrupted in HS, warranting further investigation into new therapeutic options.
Researchers found that viewers who watched the entire second season of '13 Reasons Why' were less likely to report recent self-harm and thoughts of ending their lives compared to those who didn't watch at all. Young adults, particularly students, showed increased risk for future suicide when watching only part of the series.
Invasive alien tree Prosopis juliflora has had devastating effects on the Afar Region of north eastern Ethiopia, causing losses in ecosystem service values estimated at US $602 million. The study found that the weed spread rapidly, leading to a decline in grassland and bush-shrub-woodland areas.
A new study using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope confirms the universe is expanding about 9% faster than expected. The measurements, published April 25 in the Astrophysical Journal Letters, strengthen the cosmic distance ladder and calculate the Hubble constant with increased precision.
Researchers identified vulnerabilities in AML cells with IDH mutation, allowing for a therapeutic strategy. A combination of drugs already used for another type of leukemia proved effective against this subset of AML in both human and mouse models.
Three Rochester Prep High School seniors, working in the RIT Genomics Lab, isolated and genetically sequenced a Yimella bacterium that produces antibiotic compounds against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. The discovery is significant in addressing antibiotic resistance, a growing concern worldwide.
A new research paper proposes an alternative technology - renewable electrosynthesis - to replace fossil fuels in the production of chemicals, plastics, clothing, and fertilizers. The process uses CO2 from the air, renewable electricity, and innovative catalysts to create carbon-neutral or even carbon-negative products.
Researchers from James Cook University analyzed 40,000-year-old bat faeces for clues about the landscape's past biodiversity. The study supports the corridor theory, suggesting a savanna corridor divided the former continent of Sundaland.
Researchers at Tufts University have created a computational model that explains how fragments of flatworms determine which end should form a tail and which should form a head. The model predicts the outcomes of genetic, pharmacological, and surgical manipulations, such as worms with two heads or two tails.
Researchers at Purdue University have developed a process to use magnetics with brain-like networks to program and teach devices to better generalize about different objects. The technology has the potential to improve object recognition tasks, enabling robots to distinguish between thousands of products in a store.
The UMBC program has been successfully replicated at two other institutions, demonstrating its model's extraordinary impact. Students from underrepresented groups in STEM showed significant gains in GPAs and retention rates, while overall student outcomes improved.
A study found that individuals with lower socioeconomic status faced more severe financial hardships during the Great Recession, including loss of a home or bankruptcy. The researchers also discovered widening socioeconomic disparities in economic distress, even before the recession occurred.
Researchers found elevated ozone levels 30-50% higher than baseline conditions in the Amazon rainforest downwind of the city. Human activities release nitrogen oxides and VOCs that mix with plant-emitted gases, producing chemicals affecting regional air quality and climate.
Disinformation campaigns targeting American citizens during the 2016 election and other countries' efforts to spread fake news highlight the need for a psychological approach. Researchers propose using online games, emotional dampening tools and addressing political conditions to combat disinformation.
A wearable system developed at KAUST can detect glucose and lactate levels in sweat, providing insights into blood sugar problems and oxygen deficiencies. The device uses a stretchy patch with MXene-based electrodes that can be repeatedly swapped out for improved detection accuracy.
Tropical Cyclone Lorna appears to be consolidating and strengthening with a more circular shape, according to NASA data from the Suomi NPP satellite. The storm is expected to move southeast while reaching hurricane strength, before becoming extra-tropical after three days.
A small study found that cilostazol and isosorbide mononitrate treatments were safe for patients with strokes caused by damaged small blood vessels. The drugs may help improve blood vessel function and potentially reduce the risk of stroke and vascular dementia.
Researchers have discovered a protein, YTHDF2, that plays a key role in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), but not in healthy blood cells. This discovery holds promise for novel treatments with fewer side effects than current chemotherapy.
Professor Keith Mathieson's appointment will enhance his research into technologies interfacing with the brain to advance treatments for brain disorders, dementia, and sight loss. He aims to develop a retinal prosthetic device capable of restoring near-normal vision to patients with degenerative retinal conditions.
Mosquitoes repel from DEET on contact when legs come into contact with skin, according to a recent study. This discovery could lead to the development of more effective and longer-lasting insect repellents.
A global survey of ocean viruses has identified nearly 200,000 species, exceeding prior estimates by 13,000. The findings have significant implications for understanding climate change, evolution, and the impact of microorganisms on the atmosphere.
Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) leaders Adam L. Hamilton and Alan Stern will be inducted into the University of Texas at Austin's Academy of Distinguished Alumni. Dr. Norm Abramson, a retired SwRI Executive Vice President, also received recognition for his outstanding achievements.
Researchers analyzed colon cancer proteins and genes, uncovering novel biological mechanisms and potential new therapeutic strategies. The study provides a systematic catalog of proteins produced by colon cancer tumors and adjacent normal tissues, including insights into unexpected gene behavior.
A study by Washington State University researchers found that college men who frequently attend parties or go to bars are more likely to be sexually aggressive compared to those who don't. The combination of alcohol and the setting where drinking takes place had a major impact on reported aggressive tactics used.
James Cook University scientists found that ignoring recovery between endurance and resistance training can impair endurance development. The team suggests prioritizing recovery periods and adjusting training variables such as intensity and volume to minimize fatigue between modes of training.
Researchers found that accounting for the grounding line's interaction with the solid earth reveals a delayed ice sheet collapse, slowing glacier retreat at major ice structures like Thwaites Glacier. This reduces sea level rise projections by over 25%. Fine-scale feedbacks improve predictions and guide future research.
Researchers at Harvard's John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences have successfully transmitted data wirelessly using a semiconductor laser for the first time. The breakthrough enables the creation of ultra-high-speed Wi-Fi, paving the way for faster wireless communication.
A new genetic test accurately identified over 200 disease-causing gene variations in the Old Order Amish and Old Order Mennonite communities. The test could help reduce morbidity and mortality by detecting asymptomatic newborns with rare genetic disorders.
Researchers developed a way to fill in gaps in connected car data, enabling transportation planners to create more effective traffic congestion mitigation strategies. The study used two-months of connected vehicle data from 2,800 cars to reconstruct missing location-duration-path choices, improving travel demand dynamics and reducing e...
A new study from the University of British Columbia found that teenagers prefer harm reduction messaging when discussing substance use, instead of traditional 'don't do drugs' approaches. The study's findings suggest that a non-judgmental approach to talking about substance use can help preserve family relationships and promote youth h...
The researchers have fabricated an organic semiconductor pn junction with high crystallinity using molecular beam epitaxy, allowing for efficient electron and hole delocalization. This technology enables the realization of new concept organic solar cells with high energy conversion efficiency.
Researchers at UBC Okanagan have created an automated encapsulation device that encases cells in microgels, protecting them from physical damage and the immune system. The device enables over 85% of cells to survive and can be scaled up for rapid production of cell-encapsulated microgels.
Scientists discovered that sex and diet substantially affect the proteome, a collection of proteins in an animal cell. Understanding these interactions may lead to personalized treatments for humans. The study analyzed large public datasets on human and mouse proteotypes, diet, and genetic status.
A team of researchers analyzed oxygen isotopes in adult ostracode shells from Lake Nakaumi to understand the 3,000-year history of East Asian summer monsoons. They found that solar activity was a primary factor driving centennial-scale variations.
A new study finds that out-of-pocket spending is a major problem in low- and middle-income countries, forcing people to choose between care and poverty. By 2050, health spending is projected to nearly double to $15.0 trillion, with less than one percent spent in currently low-income countries.
Tropical Cyclone Kenneth, equivalent to a weak Category 4 storm, made landfall in northern Mozambique on April 25, causing widespread destruction and power outages. The storm's remnants may re-emerge over the Mozambique Channel after weakening over land.
Astronomers using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope have strengthened the case for new theories to explain the forces shaping the cosmos. The latest Hubble measurements suggest a faster expansion rate in the modern universe, contradicting expectations based on early universe observations.
A field experiment by University of Kent and Kings College London found that writing to party supporters about postal voting was not effective in persuading them to switch from polling stations. The study tested this common recruitment tactic, which has seen a significant increase in usage over the past few decades.
A novel colorectal cancer vaccine has demonstrated positive phase I results, with patients showing no signs of serious adverse events and activation of immune cells. The vaccine was found to be safe and effective in a small sample of human subjects, paving the way for further testing to determine its potential as a treatment.
Studies in linguistics and experimental psychology demonstrate that our minds can assign linguistic structure to non-linguistic content on the fly. Gestures and visual animations help researchers understand how inferences are generated, suggesting that all inferential types result from general, productive processes.
Researchers at Anglia Ruskin University are developing a wearable sensor to monitor respiratory rate in new-born babies, especially in poor areas where access to healthcare is limited. The innovative technology aims to provide faster and more accurate identification of health conditions in new-borns, potentially saving lives.
A study found that a high-calorie diet combined with stress leads to more weight gain than the same diet without stress. The researchers discovered a molecular pathway controlled by insulin and the NPY molecule, which drives additional weight gain. This highlights the importance of being mindful of food intake when stressed.
Researchers have developed a new detection technique that uses power anomalies to identify micro-architectural attacks in embedded systems. This approach can reduce the effects of malware even if it evades traditional detection methods, by slowing down data transfer rates by up to 97 percent.
A systematic review of 12 studies with over 1,000 patients found that peanut oral immunotherapy increases the risk and frequency of anaphylaxis and allergic reactions. Despite inducing desensitisation in the clinic, the treatment does not lead to improved quality of life for patients.
Researchers analyzed ancient fire remains to uncover Neanderthal mobility habits and settlement patterns. The study found stratified hearths built on multiple topsoils over different periods, indicating at least four successive short-term Neanderthal occupations.
Researchers will assess whether mass treatment with primaquine can prevent relapses of Plasmodium vivax malaria along the borders of Thailand and Myanmar. The project aims to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a preventive malaria treatment that could benefit up to 80% of the population.
New study finds a modest increase in depression treatment rates, but non-financial barriers persist. Medicaid expenditures for mental health conditions have increased significantly, while uninsured individuals experience a decrease in care.
Researchers at Nanyang Technological University have developed a self-inflating weight management capsule called EndoPil. The capsule induces a sense of fullness, helping obese patients manage their weight without the need for invasive procedures.
The study reveals that both melatonin receptors contain narrow channels allowing melatonin to pass through, blocking serotonin. This knowledge enables the design of safer and more effective drugs to target specific receptors, such as MT1, which has been challenging to develop.