Materials known as phase-switching liquids, or PSLs, can delay ice and frost formation for a long time, promising a new generation of anti-icing materials. PSLs are solids at low temperatures and can trap heat, delaying the formation of frost even under high humidity conditions.
Researchers estimate that alcohol use during pregnancy and drunken driving are linked to substantial harm beyond the drinker, including fetal alcohol syndrome and road traffic fatalities. Effective prevention strategies targeting vulnerable populations, such as pregnant women and road users, are necessary.
Guidelines issued by North American specialty societies recommend health services linked to their specialties, differing from European guidelines. This phenomenon, known as 'specialty bias,' may exacerbate healthcare costs and worsen patient outcomes.
Researchers at Saarland University develop robotic arms with flexible, shape-memory wires, allowing for greater agility and precision. These 'muscles' can be used to create large grippers or tiny endoscopes, enabling new applications in medical procedures.
A study published in the Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media found that fans of TV shows like Madam Secretary, The Good Wife, and Scandal who felt connected to the storyline and characters also reported increased political interest and participation.
A study found that female twins exposed to high levels of prenatal testosterone may be more likely to drop out of school, have fewer children, and earn lower salaries. Prenatal testosterone exposure is linked to various negative outcomes in human females.
The UK is set to lead wireless communications technology with the DLINK project, which aims to deliver 'fibre-in-air' communication links with unprecedented data rates and transmission distances. The project exploits a new portion of the wireless spectrum, called D-band, enabling high data rates of up to 45Gb/s.
A large randomized controlled trial found that two frontline two-drug combinations including amlodipine significantly reduced blood pressure levels more than a third combination without amlodipine. The study, conducted in sub-Saharan Africa, showed that nearly half of adults have high blood pressure, often receiving ineffective treatment.
Dr. Sara Dolan and her team aim to improve clinical practice for children who have been victims of abuse and trauma. They will develop and implement new training methods in assessment and diagnosis for counselors and social workers.
A study of over 500 Chinese students reveals that cultural background and environment significantly impact risk aversion. Mosuo girls, from a matrilineal culture, become increasingly risk-averse with age, while Han girls in a patriarchal culture show less risk aversion.
A comparative animal study published in JNeurosci found that alligators encode sound location like birds but differently than mammals. The reptile's brain constructs neural maps to chart sound location, a feature observed in close relatives of the alligator, but not in mammals.
A study found that bempedoic acid significantly reduces LDL cholesterol levels in patients with high-risk cardiovascular disease who are already taking statins. The treatment was durable and had no increase in adverse effects compared to a placebo at one year, suggesting it may be a viable alternative for these patients.
A bioabsorbable antibiotic envelope has been shown to reduce the risk of major device-related infections in cardiac devices by 40% within one year. The study involved nearly 7,000 patients across 25 countries and demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of this innovation.
Researchers found that firms in Pakistan were able to overcome political instability and security concerns through two strategies: 'step-up' and 'break-out'. The 'step-up' process involves firms mitigating client concerns and building trust, while the 'break-out' strategy focuses on short-term gains and quick turnaround.
A recent study found that high levels of inorganic P-fertilizer can reduce microbial functions critical to crop health. Soil microorganisms from treated soils negatively impacted plant yield. The study suggests excessive phosphate fertilizer use may have lasting negative effects on crop productivity.
A case study by North Carolina State University researchers reveals that an adolescent diagnosed with rapid onset schizophrenia was actually infected with Bartonella henselae, leading to full recovery after treatment. The discovery suggests a potential link between bacterial infections and mental disorders.
The REDUCE-IT trial found that high-dose icosapent ethyl significantly reduced the burden of first and subsequent cardiovascular events, including heart attacks, strokes, and deaths from cardiovascular causes. The study showed a 30% relative risk reduction in total cardiovascular events.
Researchers from Peking University and Insilico Medicine are collaborating on AI-powered drug discovery methods, aiming to accelerate pharmaceutical research and development. The project will focus on various applications of AI in drug discovery, including target identification, compound generation, and personalized medicine.
A study by Prof. Amit Shrira found that Holocaust survivors with PTSD and their offspring negatively perceive aging, viewing themselves as less successful than those without PTSD or exposure to the Holocaust. This transmission of negative views can lead to greater risk for physical deterioration among survivors and their families.
A large long-term study found that higher consumption of sugary beverages is linked to a greater risk of premature death from cardiovascular disease and cancer. Replacing sugary drinks with artificially sweetened beverages can lower the risk of early death, but excessive ASB consumption may increase mortality risk.
Chronic inflammation, not aging, is the main reason why bones heal more slowly with age. Researchers found that exposure to older mice's blood serum reduces stem cell multiplication and increases inflammation. Treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs restored skeletal stem cell function and bone healing ability in aged mice.
Patients who stopped taking aspirin and continued clopidogrel fared significantly better after one year, with a reduced risk of bleeding and no increase in clot-related events. The study suggests that stopping DAPT after one month may be a good option for patients after drug-eluting stent implantation.
A new study by the European Society of Cardiology found that a more precise placement of the left ventricular lead improves cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) outcomes. The trial compared two methods for positioning the lead and found an absolute increase in left ventricular ejection fraction of 4% with electrical guidance.
A team of researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina has identified a critical brain circuit involved in cocaine-seeking behavior during relapse. Targeting neurons in this circuit could offer a new approach to treating cocaine addiction.
Researchers found a potential predictor of (future) Alzheimer's disease in eye fluid, linking low amyloid-β and tau protein levels to lower cognitive scores. The study suggests that proteins in the eye may be accessible for an affordable test to predict future AD.
A study comparing human and chimpanzee brain networks reveals that humans have a more modular network with stronger connections between language areas. The research suggests that evolutionary modifications to the brain's architecture may have contributed to human cognitive advancements.
Researchers at UCF developed a rapid sensor to detect dopamine levels in blood, which can help diagnose brain disorders such as Parkinson's disease and depression. The sensor requires only a few drops of blood and provides results in minutes, revolutionizing current detection methods.
The HeartMate 3 left ventricular assist device (LVAD) significantly reduces strokes, pump-related blood clots, and bleeding episodes compared to the older HeartMate II. This trial enrolled 1,028 patients with advanced heart failure, showing a 40% reduction in risk favoring the HeartMate 3.
Scientists at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have discovered an unexpected regulator of the p53 protein, which plays a crucial role in cancer development. The research team found that an enzyme called PIPK1-alpha and its lipid messenger, PIP2, drive the stability of mutant p53, leading to cancer progression.
Erik Herron, a WVU political scientist, has received a $1.1 million Minerva Research Initiative award to investigate how hostile powers like Russia interfere with their neighbors' basic services. He is studying Estonia, Georgia, and Ukraine to better understand potential warning signs of interference.
A recent study found that climate change is reducing waterbird habitats across the Great Basin, resulting in fewer birds in the region. The research, published in Scientific Reports, examined temperature and precipitation data from over a century and compared it with 50 years of bird surveys.
Researchers at Ohio State University have found a new material that can serve dual roles in electronics, simplifying the use of electrons and holes. This discovery could lead to more efficient electronic devices, such as solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and transistors.
The team developed a transparent, waterproof, and conductive material that can repair itself in both air and water environments. This innovation has the potential to reduce electronic waste by enabling devices to perform self-repair functions.
A systematic evidence review found that behavioral therapy is generally more effective than pharmacologic therapies in improving outcomes for women with urinary incontinence. The review included 84 studies and showed that all interventions studied resulted in better UI outcomes than no treatment.
Researchers discovered a genetic variant in troponin I that disrupts calcium-binding affinity in thin muscle filaments, leading to arrhythmias in human cardiac cells. This finding may contribute to SUDI by triggering sudden cardiac arrest.
Organic chemists at the University of Groningen have created an ordered array of light-driven rotary motors in a 3D solid-state material, achieving cooperative action. The system contains 3 x 10^20 motors per cubic centimeter, all running in unison and performing work on a macro scale.
Researchers at Michigan State University found that a critical piece of the monarch butterfly's annual cycle was missing - the fall migration. The team built a multi-scale model and included environmental factors like temperature and landscape greenness to account for year-to-year variations.
A new study published in Circulation Journal Report found that drinking sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with an increased risk of death from cardiovascular diseases. Replacing sugary drinks with artificially sweetened drinks may also pose a risk, particularly for women.
A new preclinical study published in JNeurosci found that switching mice from saturated fat-based diets to monounsaturated fat-rich diets restored and protected nerve function in obese mice. The results suggest that interventions targeting dietary fats may provide a new therapeutic avenue for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy.
A new Australian study found that mothers who breastfeed are 34 percent less likely to die of heart disease than those who don't. Women who breastfed for up to 12 months had a lower risk of developing and dying from cardiovascular disease, with significant findings independent of socio-economic status and overall health-related lifestyle.
Cornell researchers develop a new solid-state battery technology that is inherently safer and more energy-dense than traditional lithium-ion batteries. This breakthrough enables the creation of smaller, safer batteries with improved recharging capabilities and reduced risk of fires.
A recent study by Professor Andreas Lopata found that consuming certain types of n-3 fatty acids from marine oils can decrease asthma risk by up to 62%, while high n-6 consumption increases risk by up to 67%. This research suggests a potential link between fish consumption and reduced asthma severity.
A new mass-spectrometry-based assay has been developed to detect flaviviruses like Dengue, Zika, West Nile, and Yellow Fever viruses. The assay can distinguish between multiple flaviviruses or strains of a single virus within the first 8 days of symptom onset.
This special issue reviews whole systems research methods in healthcare and its patient-centered salutogenic focus. It highlights the convergence of conventional medicine and whole systems research to combat opioid reliance and promote integrative chronic pain models.
Researchers have developed an anode for electrolysis of seawater into hydrogen and oxygen, utilizing nickel sulfide and nickel-iron hydroxide catalysts. This innovative approach enables the production of clean fuels without desalination, opening doors to a more sustainable energy future.
The NRG-RTOG 0214 trial found that prophylactic cranial irradiation improved disease-free survival, decreased brain metastasis rates, but did not improve overall survival in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. This suggests PCI may prolong OS in a subgroup without primary tumor surgery.
A new cardiac-specific comorbidity index outperforms existing general indexes in predicting death after hospital admission for patients with heart disease. The index was derived from administrative data and tested on almost 19,000 cardiac patients in Alberta.
Researchers analyzed over 7 million Taiwanese records to discover wealth correlations among kinship members up to second cousin level. Wealth patterns differ by gender, with males showing stronger connections than females.
A recent study found that both radial and femoral approaches for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are equally effective in terms of survival rates at 30 days. The research, which enrolled nearly 2,300 patients, suggests that operators can achieve similar results with either approach if they have efficient systems and teams in p...
Researchers found alligators build neural maps of sound like birds do, indicating a common ancestor with dinosaurs shared this hearing strategy. The study suggests that the strategy may be more related to common ancestry than physical features such as skull size.
Researchers at UT Health San Antonio have created a smarter automatic defibrillator that accurately tracks stroke volume in addition to ECG readings. This update aims to deliver shocks only when needed, potentially preventing traumatic shocks and improving patient outcomes.
Scientists have discovered anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria that directly use nitric oxide to grow, producing harmless dinitrogen gas instead of potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide. This finding has significant implications for our climate and the earth's nitrogen cycle.
A positive work environment is linked to increased feelings of inclusion among employees, leading to higher job satisfaction, innovation, and retention. Leaders who foster a culture of inclusivity by valuing individual contributions are more likely to experience these benefits.
The new guideline provides comprehensive recommendations for preventing cardiovascular disease through lifestyle changes, such as a balanced diet, regular exercise, and maintaining a healthy weight. It also emphasizes the importance of identifying and addressing personal or social barriers to adopting these habits.
Research finds that female twins exposed to prenatal testosterone from a male twin are less likely to graduate from high school or college, have lower fertility rates, and earn less by their early 30s. The study supports the 'twin testosterone-transfer hypothesis' and suggests long-term biological effects on behavior and outcomes.
A new study by McGill University researchers suggests that global shipping traffic could lead to a three-fold to 20-fold increase in marine invasion risk between now and 2050. The study projects that shipping growth will far outweigh climate change as the primary driver of bio-invasions.
A UBC study found that beta interferon treatment for multiple sclerosis patients is associated with a 32% lower mortality risk compared to those who did not take the drug. The study followed nearly 6,000 people with MS in Canada and France over two decades.
This year's awards recognize Professor Minoru Kanehisa for his work on the KEGG database, Professor Anthony Kossiakoff for his technological achievements in protein structure and function, Professor Hao Wu for her groundbreaking signal transduction research, Professor Shahriar Mobashery for his discovery of new antibiotics, and Profess...
In patients without STEMI, immediate coronary angiography did not improve survival at 90 days compared to waiting a few days before undergoing the procedure. Clearing arteries with PCI sooner after cardiac arrest may not necessarily reduce long-term brain damage and its key factor in survival.
A study by researchers at Karolinska Institutet found that very premature babies carry anti-viral antibodies transferred from the mother, suggesting a previously underappreciated source of protection. The analysis also revealed that the protection offered by these antibodies lasts different durations depending on the virus.