Researchers at Cornell University are using artificial intelligence to discover new materials that could help achieve emissions-free driving. The four-year project combines data-driven deep learning with knowledge-driven reasoning and optimization techniques to accelerate the discovery of new clean energy materials.
Researchers found that locally adapted cultivars can increase crop yields by up to 20% even under moderate warming, and that strong warming threatens adaptation. Innovative breeding methods like CRISPR-Cas may help develop required cultivars quickly and targetedly.
Mangroves with interconnected root networks exhibit larger size and increased connectivity under drought stress. The number of networks increases with soil salinity levels, suggesting a survival strategy for the group.
A new meta-analysis of 19,806 patients with chronic coronary syndromes found a statistically significant 21% relative risk reduction in cardiac death with revascularization plus medical therapy. The study also showed a parallel significant reduction in spontaneous myocardial infarction, but no difference in all-cause death.
Researchers at University of Illinois developed a rapid, highly sensitive, and accurate COVID-19 test using saliva samples that can detect as little as one viral particle. The device, called Scalable and Portable Testing (SPOT), is estimated to cost less than $78 and can be operated by anyone with minimal training.
A new study reveals that counselling sessions in primary school have a lasting positive impact on children's mental health. The research, published in European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, found that children who received one-to-one counselling showed considerably better mental health than those who did not.
Pinterest users are more likely to like and pin healthy recipes, featuring poultry, fish, and vegetables, but they're more engaged with unhealthy recipes high in fat, sugar, and calories. This discrepancy suggests that users are influenced by social norms and celebrity influencers promoting healthier eating habits.
A sensor system developed by PNNL can prevent buildup of flammable gases in outdoor battery enclosures, reducing the risk of explosion. The technology, IntelliVent, responds to smoke, heat, or gas alarms and automatically opens cabinet doors.
Researchers at Monash University have engineered a new antimicrobial surface that significantly reduces bacterial attachment and biofilm formation on medical instruments, including urinary catheters. The surface, with smooth 3D micro features, effectively combats the three most common UTI-causing bacteria.
Researchers sequenced the genomes of three socially parasitic ant species, finding evidence of widespread genomic rearrangements and gene losses. The study sheds light on the evolutionary consequences of transitioning from social to parasitic behavior, with significant impacts on sensory capabilities and behavioral repertoire.
The discovery of five novel listeria species will help identify potential growth niches in agricultural soil and improve food safety by expanding the knowledge base on listeria diversity. This increased understanding will prevent contamination, false positives, and foodborne outbreaks.
A randomized trial demonstrates that TAVI with a self-expanding supraannular bioprosthesis is comparable to surgical aortic valve replacement in terms of mortality and stroke risk at 24 months. Additionally, the study reveals that TAVI is superior to surgery in terms of valve hemodynamics but not in pacemaker implantation rates.
Researchers at Shinshu University developed a new purification protocol for Postsynaptic density (PSD) lattice, a core structure of the PSD of excitatory synapses. They identified tubulin as a major component of the MEC, with non-microtubule tubulin widely distributed on the purified PSD lattice.
A SMU professor is receiving a $215,000 grant from NASA to analyze data on Active Galactic Nuclei using the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. The two-year project aims to shed light on black hole behavior and processes that emit powerful jets into host galaxies.
A study by University of Pennsylvania neuroscientist Joseph Kable reveals the default mode network splits into two sub-networks: one for constructing and predicting imagined events, and another for evaluating their positivity or negativity. This finding sheds light on the neural basis of imaginative abilities.
A study published in PLOS One found that an ancient Australian Aboriginal memory technique significantly improved retention of facts among medical students compared to the 'memory palace' method. The Aboriginal technique, which used narrative and locations to facilitate recall, was also found to be more enjoyable for students.
Researchers developed a microparticle-based cancer vaccine that kickstarts an immune response, increasing the proportion of mice cured of tumors to 75%. Combining the vaccine with immune checkpoint inhibitors greatly improves treatment success, offering a promising approach to improving cancer treatment.
A study by ICTA-UAB finds that combining white roofs with green areas can reduce temperature during heat waves, with an average reduction of 1.26°C. This combination has the greatest impact on energy consumption, reducing spending on air conditioning by 26%.
Researchers at Michigan Medicine found that people with venom allergies are nearly 10 times more likely to suffer from mastocytosis, a bone marrow disorder. The study analyzed 27 million US patients and revealed the condition in over 0.1% of venom allergy patients.
A survey study of 25,305 adolescents from eight countries found that experiencing one's own competence and feeling connected to others were linked to positive emotion, self-motivation to learn, and pro-learning behaviors. The findings support self-determination theory and inform the design of distance education programs.
Scientists at DGIST have discovered a novel way to control the alignment of magnetic atoms within antiferromagnetic materials using mechanical vibration and a magnetic field. This process replaces traditional heating and cooling methods, enabling more precise control over magnetic spins in spintronics devices.
Researchers designed cpLOV2 using circular permutation to simplify optogenetic device design. The new photoswitch maintained structural integrity and function, providing more choices for optogenetic application developments. It was successfully used to gate ORAI1 Ca2+ channel and control cell activities in a mouse model.
Scientists have developed a solution that synergistically couples photorespiration and C4 metabolism in plants, conserving nitrogen and accumulating C4 metabolites. This breakthrough connects two main targets in plant metabolism and has the potential to improve agricultural productivity and climate resilience.
International experts will debate five key concepts in global literary studies: space, scale, time, connectivity, and agency. The symposium aims to decentralize literary history and increase the visibility of minorities, such as women who played a key role in cultural mediation.
The team achieved the first experimental demonstration of quantum information masking, a new protocol for transferring quantum information between multiple carriers. The fidelity of the entangled state was 97.7%, enabling secure transmission of simple images for three-party quantum secret sharing.
Researchers propose sensory referenced suppression theory, where brain corrects for changes in sensory input to isolate familiar activation. This could have implications for treating memory-impairing diseases like Alzheimer's and developing AI systems that work similarly to human brains.
Scientists at City of Hope and Griffith University have developed a novel direct-acting antiviral therapy that targets the genome of SARS-CoV-2, reducing viral load by 99.9%. The treatment uses siRNA technology and lipid nanoparticles to deliver the RNA to lung cells, where it silences viral genes.
Researchers at Tokyo Tech have developed a straightforward strategy to produce organic thin films with controllable shapes and thickness distributions. The novel approach combines bipolar electrochemistry with electrolytic micelle disruption, resulting in inexpensive and customizable thin films.
A new study found that Connecticut's MAT programs have higher-than-average patient retention rates, with 58.9% of participants remaining in the program at six months. However, younger patients and those using cocaine or crack alongside opioids had lower retention rates, highlighting the need for targeted strategies.
A mathematical model predicts how bacterial mutations impact antibiotic success. The study suggests measuring mutation levels is crucial for determining treatment failure and informs novel strategies. Multiple mutations limit drug resistance evolution substantially, depending on drug type and administration route.
A study of over half a million people found that certain mid-life cardiovascular risk factors are associated with dementia in both men and women. However, the relationship between blood pressure and dementia risk varies by sex, with higher blood pressure linked to increased risk in women.
A new x-ray technique developed by Berkeley Lab scientists may revolutionize COVID-19 testing. The method uses small angle X-ray scattering to identify highly sensitive antibody pairs for detection, promising fast and accurate results.
Grazing by cattle and small herbivores reduces salt marsh erosion, contributing to nature-based coastal defense. Artificial mowing also increases erosion resistance by excluding burying animals from the soil.
Scientists have created elements comparable to brain neurons and synapses using spins, a magnetic property of electrons. This breakthrough could lead to the development of brain-like computer hardware that can interface with standard silicon-based circuits.
During the winter wave of COVID-19, anaesthetic and critical care staff in the UK faced immense pressure due to a surge in newly admitted infected patients. Surgery rates plummeted by one quarter compared to previous years, with many hospitals expanding ICUs to accommodate the influx.
Researchers at Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University developed a new approach to determine the best electrode materials composition for solid-state lithium-ion batteries. The results demonstrated high charge capacity at high current densities using transition metal oxides.
Scientists have discovered that poor DNA compaction in mammary glands can lead to increased accessibility of retrotransposons, triggering an immune response and disrupting milk secretion. The findings highlight the importance of proper chromatin condensation for tissue development and function.
A new study by Stevens Institute of Technology researcher finds that human-caused sea level rise contributed $8.1 billion to Hurricane Sandy's damage, with an additional 71,000 people and 36,000 homes affected. The research uses novel modeling techniques to quantify the costs of storm damage caused by climate change.
The Alvis tool helps bioinformaticians analyze DNA sequence data and reference genome databases for more accurate assembly results. It detects chimeric sequences, which can affect data accuracy, and produces efficient vector images for human interpretation.
A new AI algorithm accurately predicts lung cancer risk from low-dose CT scans, outperforming established models and human clinicians. The algorithm may aid in optimizing follow-up recommendations for lung cancer screening participants.
Researchers found that patients were more likely to complete hepatitis C screenings when the test was already ordered for them, with completion rates doubling. The study also showed that traditional mail notifications resulted in higher screening rates than online patient portals, particularly among Black patients.
New research reveals autonomous vehicles will increase energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions across all categories studied. However, electric autonomous vehicles can change this outcome, particularly if adoption rates exceed 40%.
A multidisciplinary group of experts has created a 'Consensus Document' to guide pharmacy teams in wound management and dressing selection. The document addresses the current lack of written information about pharmacist roles and responsibilities in wound care, providing principles and evidence-based guidelines.
A new study shows that horse populations on North America and Eurasia remained connected through the Bering Land Bridge, interbreeding multiple times over hundreds of thousands of years. The findings demonstrate genetic continuity between the horses that died out in North America and those domesticated in Eurasia.
A study using a mouse model of eccentric contraction revealed that icing injured muscles delays muscle regeneration. The phenomenon is linked to pro-inflammatory macrophages' ability to infiltrate damaged cells, delaying the healing process.
Fossils of land animals from South America found in Antilles, with species migrating via giant sunken islands. Researchers reconstructed Caribbean geography over 40 million years, revealing archipelagos and island connections.
A doctor and mother recounts her COVID-19 experience on ECMO respiratory support, spending 150 days in the hospital. She details her long battle to recover, including multiple lung complications, swallowing difficulties, and psychological trauma, but ultimately finds hope for a full recovery.
Concordia researchers report that over three-quarters of Iran's land is under extreme groundwater overdraft, primarily driven by agricultural demands. Urgent action is needed to address the growing crisis and prevent irreversible impacts on land and the environment.
A new approach to modeling infectious diseases considers ecological and anthropological contexts, predicting disease emergence and spread. This framework integrates disease agents into general ecosystem models, enabling scientists to simulate pathogen behavior and predict risk.
Researchers discovered a four-layered exoskeleton with distinctive micro-structure and chemical characteristics that restrict crack propagation and maximize strain energy release during deformation. Bio-mimetic structures fabricated via 3D printing demonstrated improved toughness and strength, guiding high-performance composites fabric...
A new study by University of Tsukuba researchers reveals how two receptors, DNAM-1 and TIGIT, maintain the necessary balance between immune activation and suppression to prevent autoimmune diseases. The findings suggest that an imbalance in this mechanism may contribute to autoimmunity, providing potential targets for treatment.
Researchers at the University of Oregon have discovered a cell division machinery in fruit flies that produces brain cells, revealing a mechanical cycle involved in differentiation. The study provides insights into brain development and potential regenerative therapies for injuries.
A randomized trial comparing a new, thin-strut bioresorbable scaffold with a metallic stent showed non-inferiority of the bioresorbable scaffold in terms of late lumen loss and covered struts. The trial's results may revitalize the concept of bioresorbable scaffolds.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that universal and selective interventions targeting young people can reduce the risk of most mental disorders. These interventions, such as psychoeducation and therapy, showed promise in preventing symptoms like ADHD, anxiety, and interpersonal violence.
Researchers have developed crystalline supermirrors with ultra-low optical absorption losses, opening up new applications in respiratory gas analysis, greenhouse gas detection, and molecular spectroscopy. These mirrors absorb less than 10 out of a million photons, significantly improving sensitivity for detecting trace gases.
A new study reveals that breast cancer survivors have a 20-44% higher risk of developing new cancer diagnoses compared to healthy individuals. The research identifies specific breast cancer subtypes and diagnosis ages associated with increased risk of subsequent primary cancers.
The Fannie and John Hertz Foundation has announced the 2021 recipients of the Hertz Fellowship, funding 12 PhD students working on groundbreaking projects. The fellows will receive five years of graduate research support, with a focus on improving treatments for cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
A Boston University study finds that state-level racial disparities in COVID-19 deaths are greater when accounting for age, revealing a significant impact of structural racism. The study quantifies these disparities and models their relationship with structural racism at the state level.
Researchers have uncovered genes that enable plants to make three key things: transport water and nutrients via xylem, produce lignin and suberin for drought protection, and regulate root meristem growth. These findings can be applied to crops like tomatoes and rice, potentially increasing their drought tolerance.
Graphene nanoribbons exhibit structural disorder due to missing carbon atoms, known as 'bite' defects. These imperfections degrade electronic device performance but offer promising opportunities for spintronic applications with unique magnetic properties.