Scientists developed an imaging agent that enables safe and rapid detection of Enterobacterales infections in patients, distinguishing between drug-susceptible and resistant strains. The agent revealed sites of infection, monitored response to antibiotics, and identified secondary bacterial infections.
SourceAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)·JournalScience Translational Medicine·DateApr 15, 2021
The new online-only journal aims to share valuable lessons from clinicians' discussions on challenging cases, contributing to medical innovation and improved care. The digital, peer-reviewed journal will publish bi-monthly issues initially and become more frequent over time.
SourceAmerican College of Physicians·JournalAnnals of Internal Medicine·DateApr 15, 2021
A new study reveals that disease can alter social networks and economic growth for generations, with high diffusion networks promoting growth in low-disease countries but hindering it in high-disease environments. Small initial differences in epidemiological environment can trigger large and persistent differences in network structure,...
SourceOxford University Press USA·JournalThe Review of Economic Studies·DateApr 15, 2021
The new Neuropixels 2.0 probes have improved recording-site density and long-term stability, allowing scientists to track individual neurons for weeks. This enables the study of complex phenomena like learning and memory in mice.
SourceHoward Hughes Medical Institute·JournalScience·DateApr 15, 2021
During the pandemic, fewer advertisers supported Nordic news media, while audiences flocked to digital content, leading to record-high state support and increased trust in journalism. The unique structure of each Nordic country's media market was also exposed.
SourceUniversity of Gothenburg·JournalNordic Journal of Music Therapy·DateApr 15, 2021
A new study published in Science shows that deciduous trees replacing burned spruce forests store more carbon and accumulate it four times faster over a 100-year fire interval. This suggests that these faster-growing forests may act as a stabilizing 'firebreak' against escalating fire patterns.
SourceNorthern Arizona University·JournalScience·DateApr 15, 2021
Researchers at Tomsk Polytechnic University developed a mathematical model and software to predict ClO2 molecule properties with high accuracy, surpassing existing results by 10 folds. The model was applied to analyze rotational-vibrational spectra in a degenerate electronic state, showing promising results.
SourceTomsk Polytechnic University·JournalPhysical Chemistry Chemical Physics·DateApr 15, 2021
Researchers at UZH found that increased sensitivity in a specific brain region contributes to anxiety and depression in response to stress. The study establishes an objective neurobiological measure for stress resilience in humans, which may aid in selecting professions or developing stress resilience training.
SourceUniversity of Zurich·JournalNature Communications·DateApr 15, 2021
A single footprint from a tiny cat-sized stegosaur has been discovered in China, revealing characteristics similar to other stegosaur footprints but with a heel-lifted gait. The finding suggests that young stegosaurs may have walked on two legs or used a 'toe-walking' posture.
SourceUniversity of Queensland·JournalPalaios·DateApr 15, 2021
Researchers from Basel and Würzburg investigated spruce trees' reaction to extreme heat and drought, finding a sudden collapse of the water-conducting system leading to tree death. The study reveals that dehydration occurs abruptly after exceeding a species-specific threshold value, causing trees to be unable to recover.
SourceUniversity of Würzburg·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateApr 15, 2021
A new study reveals coral reefs offer over $1.8 billion in annual flood protection to US coastal communities, preventing 100-year flooding zones from increasing by 23% and impacting 53,800 more people. The US has 200 miles of high-value reefs worth millions per mile.
SourceUniversity of California - Santa Cruz·JournalNature Sustainability·DateApr 15, 2021
A study of marten genomes reveals that coastal refugia in Alaska and Canada may have provided resources for human migrants, aiding the peopling of the Americas. The research found a deep history for Pacific martens along the North Pacific Coast, dating back to the Last Glacial Maximum.
SourceUniversity of Kansas·JournalJournal of Biogeography·DateApr 15, 2021
A new study estimates the years of employment loss experienced by working-aged adults with kidney failure, finding that most lost time is due to patients' loss of life expectancy. The study analyzed data from patients initiating dialysis in Taiwan and found that men had a higher rate of employment than women.
SourceAmerican Society of Nephrology·JournalClinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology·DateApr 15, 2021
A new dataset includes over 21,000 interactions between 942 species, thoroughly annotated, providing a detailed look at kelp forests. The study highlights unseen parasite interactions that have been overlooked by ecologists.
SourceUniversity of California - Santa Barbara·JournalScientific Data·DateApr 15, 2021
The study uses Monte Carlo computer simulation to determine the population numbers of T. rexes, with a standing population size of 20,000 adults at any given time. The total number of individuals that existed over its lifetime could have been anywhere from 140 million to 42 billion.
SourceUniversity of California - Berkeley·JournalScience·DateApr 15, 2021
Researchers have discovered that bearded dragon embryos can become females through two distinct pathways: one activated by sex chromosomes and the other by high temperatures during development. Ancient cellular processes are likely involved in temperature-dependent sex reversals.
MIT researchers developed a publicly available model to estimate COVID-19 transmission risks in indoor settings, considering variables like people number, space size, activity type, mask wearing, and ventilation rates. The model provides a detailed guideline for policymakers, businesses, schools, and individuals to gauge their own risks.
SourceMassachusetts Institute of Technology·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateApr 15, 2021
A new visio-vestibular examination (VVE) has been found to enhance concussion diagnosis and management in young athletes. The VVE involves brief eye movement and balance tests identifying deficits in brain function involving the visual and vestibular systems.
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology developed new methods to enrich and analyze human nuclear DNA from sediments. This breakthrough allows for the study of population relationships and the deep human past, providing new opportunities for investigation and expanding the range of options to tease out evo...
SourceMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology·JournalScience·DateApr 15, 2021
A new exhaust gas abatement system has been developed to detoxify dangerous gases used in device manufacturing processes. The system uses arc plasma heat source to reduce the amount of energy required for processing, resulting in an energy savings of up to 75%.
Researchers found that drones were only slightly less expensive per unit area than tractor-mounted boom sprayers for pest-control costs, while also having a slight advantage in daily area coverage. Data envelopment analysis showed that both boom sprayers and UAVs reached maximum or near-maximum efficiency for most paddy areas.
SourceTokyo University of Science·JournalSustainability·DateApr 15, 2021
A new study measures US diets' water scarcity footprints, with meat consumption accounting for 31% of the impacts. The top contributor is beef, followed by tree nuts and high-water-intensity fruits and vegetables.
SourceUniversity of Michigan·JournalNature Food·DateApr 15, 2021
Researchers at FSU improved Bi-2212 wires' efficiency by optimizing grain alignment, enabling higher current carrying and more efficient supercurrent flow. This breakthrough has the potential to power next-generation particle accelerators.
SourceFlorida State University·JournalSuperconductor Science and Technology·DateApr 15, 2021
A CHOP-led research study found that B cell activating factor (BAFF) levels are elevated in patients resistant to coagulation protein therapy, suggesting a potential target for new treatments. Anti-BAFF therapies combined with immune tolerance therapies may tame the immune response in some patients with severe hemophilia A.
SourceChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia·JournalJournal of Clinical Investigation·DateApr 15, 2021
A new assessment published in the Lancet journal finds that SARS-CoV-2 is predominantly transmitted through the air, with silent (asymptomatic) transmission accounting for at least 40% of all cases. The study suggests that public health measures should focus on reducing airborne transmission to protect against COVID-19.
SourceUniversity of Colorado at Boulder·JournalThe Lancet·DateApr 15, 2021
The Himalayan region is prone to devastating glacial lake outburst floods due to rising temperatures and extreme precipitation. A network of satellite-based monitoring stations could provide in situ and real-time data on GLOF risk, helping to mitigate future events.
SourceAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)·JournalScience·DateApr 15, 2021
A neural network developed by Skoltech researchers improves credit scoring using transactional banking data, surpassing existing models. The EWS-GCN model processes large-scale temporal graphs directly and aggregates information to predict target client credit ratings.
SourceSkolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech)·DateApr 15, 2021
An observational study of nearly 20,000 individuals found that greater intake of red and processed meat is associated with poorer heart function and stiffer arteries. In contrast, higher consumption of oily fish was linked to improved heart function and healthier arteries.
A new desalination technique using polymer membranes with absorbent nanoparticles simplifies the removal of toxic metals during the process. The technology can remove nearly 100% of toxic metals, including mercury and arsenic, producing clean water along with a pure brine.
SourceUniversity of California - Berkeley·JournalScience·DateApr 15, 2021
A new positron emission tomography (PET) tracer targeting inflammation has been shown to be safe and effective in identifying early stages of rheumatoid arthritis. The tracer rapidly clears from blood circulation and has a low radiation dose, making it suitable for patient imaging studies.
SourceSociety of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging·JournalJournal of Nuclear Medicine·DateApr 15, 2021
Researchers at CNIO discover that digoxin, a drug used for heart diseases, reduces inflammation and leads to significant weight loss in obese mice. The study identifies IL-17A as a causal factor of obesity, suggesting a potential therapeutic option for treating the inflammatory disease.
SourceCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO)·JournalNature Metabolism·DateApr 15, 2021
A new NASA visualization reveals the hypnotic pas de deux of two orbiting black holes, distorting and redirecting light from their accretion disks. The system's unique features, including relativistic aberration and Doppler boosting, create striking images of each black hole.
Researchers discovered HP1a as an epigenetic regulator that establishes the global structure of the genome in early Drosophila embryos. The study used powerful genetics and 3D genome modeling to show that HP1a is required for proper chromatin organization at multiple hierarchical levels during embryonic development.
SourceMax-Planck-Gesellschaft·JournalNature·DateApr 15, 2021
A new pilot-scale project aims to produce biomethane from renewable electricity and CO2 in a cost-effective system. The InjectMe project, funded by the Danish Energy Agency, will test a biological methanation system that converts electricity and biogas into natural-gas-quality biomethane.
The Southeast Regional Sun Grant Center has awarded grants totaling over $2 million to support six research projects aimed at developing sustainable, bio-derived products. These projects will provide new insights and materials for the southeastern US bioeconomy, creating essential information for future economic growth.
SourceUniversity of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture·DateApr 15, 2021
A new study found that patients who are overweight or obese have more severe COVID-19 and require invasive respiratory support. Obesity is associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic and respiratory disease and more severe viral diseases.
SourceMurdoch Childrens Research Institute·JournalDiabetes Care·DateApr 15, 2021
The four CNRS 2021 Innovation Medal laureates have developed diverse projects, from ecological engineering to sustainable chemistry and regenerative medicine. Their work has led to significant technological innovations, such as marine ecological engineering platforms and micro-magnets for hybrid-electric vehicles.
Boreal forests can store nearly five times more soil carbon after severe wildfires through shifts to deciduous tree species like aspen and birch. This can provide a negative feedback to climate warming.
SourceAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)·JournalScience·DateApr 15, 2021
A team of researchers has successfully developed a highly sensitive magnetoencephalography (MEG) technology that can detect even fast brain oscillations produced in response to single sensory stimuli. This breakthrough enables noninvasive observation of nerve cells transmitting information, shedding light on factors such as alertness a...
SourcePhysikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateApr 15, 2021
A new CU Denver study found that remote and virtual care models negatively impact small physician offices, decreasing revenue due to the lack of in-person visits. The researchers emphasize the need for a balance between in-person and virtual care for these businesses to survive.
SourceUniversity of Colorado Denver·JournalJournal of Medical Internet Research·DateApr 15, 2021
A new study suggests that long-term survival data for immunotherapies should be re-analyzed for potential misinterpretation. Researchers propose an adjustment method, Cox-TEL, to correct inaccurate results based on the Cox proportional-hazards model.
SourceVanderbilt University Medical Center·JournalJAMA Oncology·DateApr 15, 2021
Researchers found that Staufen1 accumulates in brains of patients with neurodegenerative disorders, disrupting normal cellular function. Lowering Staufen1 levels may improve pathology and rid cells of stress granules, a key finding for potential treatment approaches.
SourceUniversity of Utah Health·JournalAnnals of Neurology·DateApr 15, 2021
Recent wildlife documentaries have been found to create problems for public understanding of wider conservation by spreading significant misinformation through personification of animals. The researchers emphasize the importance of factually correct information in these documentaries.
SourceUniversity of Kent·JournalPeople and Nature·DateApr 15, 2021
Researchers identify five double star systems, Kepler-34, -35, -38, -64 and -413, as potential candidates for supporting life. The study shows that these systems have a permanent Habitable Zone, where liquid water could persist on the surface of any Earth-like planets.
SourceFrontiers·JournalFrontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences·DateApr 15, 2021
A new study by University of Bristol experts finds that internet adoption and urbanization are complementary, reinforcing higher population concentrations in national urban systems. The research suggests that digital technologies have not led to an exodus from cities, but rather attracted more people towards them.
SourceUniversity of Bristol·JournalPLOS ONE·DateApr 15, 2021
Researchers at UniSA have developed a cost-effective method to derive freshwater from seawater or contaminated water through efficient solar evaporation, delivering up to 20 litres of fresh water per square metre per day. The system is built using simple, everyday materials and requires minimal maintenance.
SourceUniversity of South Australia·JournalSolar RRL·DateApr 15, 2021
A new study published in Nature Ecology and Evolution found consistent biogeographic patterns among marine animals, protists, and bacteria along the South African coastline. The research highlights the importance of considering a full range of organisms when measuring environmental change.
SourceUniversity of Southampton·JournalNature Ecology & Evolution·DateApr 15, 2021
Researchers have identified a connection between perivascular fibroblast cells and ALS disease onset, suggesting a correlation between elevated protein marker SPP1 levels and aggressive disease process. This discovery has potential implications for earlier diagnoses and future treatments.
SourceKarolinska Institutet·JournalNature Medicine·DateApr 15, 2021
A new study led by UCSF reveals that maintaining physical activity during young adulthood, especially at higher levels than previously recommended, is crucial in preventing hypertension. Among the four groups, Black men were found to be the most active in early adulthood but saw significant declines in exercise intake by age 60, mirror...
SourceUniversity of California - San Francisco·JournalAmerican Journal of Preventive Medicine·DateApr 15, 2021
A new vaccine for leishmaniasis has demonstrated safety and induced immune responses in patients with the disease. The vaccine, called ChAd63-KH, is being tested to determine its potential as a therapy for different forms of leishmaniasis.
SourceUniversity of York·JournalMolecular Therapy·DateApr 15, 2021
A study found that a chest x-ray scoring system can predict patient outcomes, including death, intubation, and chronic renal replacement therapy, in COVID-19 patients with high pretest probability or rapid test results. The scoring system was accurate and reliable, even among junior residents.
A new study identifies risk factors for readmission to a different hospital for cancer patients who received surgical removals, associated with a 50% increased odds of dying. Risk factors include living far away from the original hospital and being older or white, highlighting the need for better care coordination.
SourceAmerican College of Surgeons·JournalJournal of the American College of Surgeons·DateApr 15, 2021
The NCCN Foundation has awarded $150,000 in funding to six young investigators advancing research on cancer prevention, racial disparities in screening, and CAR T-cell therapy. The recipients will present their research at the NCCN 2023 Annual Conference.
SourceNational Comprehensive Cancer Network·DateApr 15, 2021
Researchers at Tohoku University have developed a new classification scheme for NMOSD, focusing on astrocyte degeneration and its four main types. The scheme provides a standardized approach for identifying the disease, which is distinct from multiple sclerosis and has more severe symptoms.
This issue of APSB features studies on protecting against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity via increasing YAP1 expression, as well as investigating alternative strategies to downregulate PD-L1 in gastric cancer cells. The journal also publishes research on a novel injectable micelle-hydrogel hybrid for localized drug delivery and tar...
SourceCompuscript Ltd·JournalActa Pharmaceutica Sinica B·DateApr 15, 2021
A new study found significant disparities in the use of SGLT2 inhibitors among Black, Asian, female, and lower-income patients with diabetes. The study's findings are consistent with prior studies showing decreased use of novel therapies among marginalized groups.
SourceUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine·JournalJAMA Network Open·DateApr 15, 2021
Researchers have discovered a new way to transform tissue surrounding prostate tumors to help the immune system fight cancer. The technique, called epigenetic reprogramming, could lead to improvements in immunotherapy treatments for prostate cancer.
SourceCedars-Sinai Medical Center·JournalNature Cancer·DateApr 15, 2021
A study published in JAMA Network Open found that treating older patients with early-stage breast cancer did not improve survival rates and may cause harm. Researchers analyzed data from over 3,000 women aged 70 and found that omitting treatments like sentinel lymph node biopsy and radiotherapy did not affect recurrence or survival rates.
SourceUniversity of Pittsburgh·JournalJAMA Network Open·DateApr 15, 2021
Researchers discovered bacteria and archaea involved in nutrient cycle and biomineralization, suggesting microorganisms contribute to metal formation and ecosystem support. The study's findings have implications for understanding the impact of mining on ecosystems.
SourceFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo·JournalMicrobial Ecology·DateApr 15, 2021
A team of researchers from EPFL's Audiovisual Communications Laboratory used historic photographic plates to study the original light and colors of century-old scenes. They found that Lippmann's method captured 26-64 spectral samples, far more than modern techniques, and were able to recreate the original light using an algorithm.
SourceEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateApr 15, 2021