Researchers at New York University list measures the Biden administration should consider in recalculating the social cost of carbon, a decade-old cost-benefit metric. The revised SCC will take into account devastating storms and wildfires, and incorporate inequitable effects within and across countries.
Researchers found that when people visually estimate object size, they consider the surrounding context and distance from the observer, rescaling sizes before estimating variance. This ability allows for quick estimation of statistical characteristics of multiple objects.
A new study predicts that robust vaccination programmes and strict physical distancing rules can contain virus resurgence without stay-at-home restrictions, applicable to cities worldwide. Cities with low populations and effective vaccination may fully interrupt transmission without distancing.
A 3-month gap between doses significantly increases vaccine efficacy, with a single dose providing 76% protection. This extended interval supports current vaccination policies and is consistent with WHO's new advice.
Scientists discovered that plant roots make corkscrew-like motions to burrow into the soil and anchor themselves. The growth pattern is coordinated by the hormone auxin and helps roots find the best path forward.
Researchers at Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona developed a novel 3D microscopy analysis to recreate human glioblastoma features. This new approach provides complete information on tumor blood vessels and immune cell interactions, aiding diagnosis and therapy development.
A new paper examines the benefits of pick-your-price (PYP) over pay-what-you-want (PWYW) and fixed pricing strategies for firms and consumers. The study finds that PYP enhances purchase outcomes, increases feelings of pricing control without effort, and boosts sales in various contexts.
The latest observations from Insight-HXMT have discovered the origin of fast radio bursts (FRBs), revealing they come from soft-gamma repeater (SGR) J1935+2154, a magnetar in our Milky Way. This discovery resolves the longstanding puzzle concerning the origin of FRBs.
The 2021 SSA Annual Meeting will showcase the latest seismological research globally, with sessions on recent earthquakes and new technologies for monitoring glacier change. Journalists can register for free access to technical presentations and events.
Scientists from RUDN University have synthesized three new chalcogenides using iodine-based high-temperature synthesis, resulting in rare rhombic system crystal structures. The new compounds were obtained using nickel, gallium, indium, sulfur, and tellurium, showcasing the key role of iodine in their formation.
A proposed algorithm could reduce carbon dioxide emissions from semi-trucks and other heavy-duty vehicles by up to 9.3%. The Cloud Computing System uses data from external sources like road slope, speed limits, and weather conditions to determine the most fuel-efficient route.
A new study led by Allison Redlich will investigate the factors influencing exoneree compensation, including false confessions. The research aims to improve state and federal policies to address wrongful convictions.
Researchers developed a design-driven process using computational modeling to identify useful genetic designs for cellular engineering. The approach accelerates the development of new treatments for diseases by enabling the efficient identification and testing of genetic programs.
A team of undergraduate students from Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology developed a laser-based technique to measure protein-containing vessels released by cells. The technique, known as dynamic light scattering (DLS), is reliable, convenient, and inexpensive, making it an efficient tool for studying exosomes.
Researchers at the University of Oregon found that small electrical sparks may be triggered by friction in Martian dust particles. The sparks, likely to be small and pose little danger, suggest that Mars may be an electrically active place with unique characteristics.
The study reveals opportunities for improved green space monitoring and increased access to nature for citizens. However, advances in robotics and automation could generate new sources of waste and pollution, threatening urban nature.
Research reveals women of minority races and ethnicities with less education and income have lower access to 3D mammography, a technology that improves breast cancer detection. Despite FDA approval for over a decade, the technology's benefits are not equally shared across sub-populations.
A new biomarker has been identified that can determine individual treatment duration for tuberculosis patients, reducing the need for prolonged therapy. The biomarker is based on an RNA signature from 22 genes and was developed using patient cohorts from Germany and Romania.
A research team led by LMU zoologists identified fossils of insect larvae in Baltic amber, which suggest open areas of grassland nearby. In another sample, a rare Cretaceous butterfly larva with spines was discovered in Myanmar amber, supporting the idea that butterflies underwent early diversification.
Research from Baylor College of Medicine reveals that inhibiting MAPK4 can simultaneously activate and inhibit key cellular signaling pathways driving prostate cancer growth, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy. This approach may provide a more effective treatment for advanced prostate cancer.
A survey study found that the COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant increase in mental health concerns, substance use and suicidal ideation among at-risk demographic groups. The study examined patterns of mental health concerns, substance use and suicidal ideation during June and September of the pandemic.
A new study aims to improve understanding and treatment of developmental prosopagnosia, a condition affecting face recognition. The research will develop and test training interventions for children with facial recognition difficulties.
A new study reveals a key connection between Antarctic iceberg melt and the activation of mechanisms leading to prolonged global cooling and the beginning of ice ages. Researchers found that changes in ocean circulation patterns, triggered by the melting of icebergs, can draw CO2 from the atmosphere, reducing the greenhouse effect.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic have combined a functional test with clinical information to determine the clinical importance of BRCA2 gene variants of uncertain significance. The findings improved reclassification rates for VUS from 10% to 86%, enabling more accurate patient care and targeted therapy options.
Researchers developed a new framework to analyze massive data from thousands of individual neurons, outperforming previous models. The method captures complex dynamics and fluctuations, offering insights into animal processing information and adapting to environmental changes.
Researchers develop DNA modifying epigenetic therapy to transform immune killer T-cells into "super soldiers" with enhanced ability to kill cancer cells. The therapy uses available chemotherapy drugs to remove epigenetic tags, turning key genes back on and turbocharging the cells' killing function.
Researchers at the University of Bonn have determined a minimum time for transporting cesium atoms using quantum mechanics. The study reveals that complex operations are limited by both energy uncertainty and the number of intermediate states, with implications for quantum computing.
Sun and Tong's project aims to make AI workflows more shareable and replicable. The researchers will further develop the open-source GeoWeaver system into a stable operational platform for NASA's EOSDIS archive.
Researchers at RUDN University have developed a biopolymer filter that captures phosphates and nitrates from wastewater using microalgae, making it a potential sustainable fertilizer. The filter is made of chitosan-based polymer and shows high efficiency in consuming nutrients.
African Americans have a distinct genetic risk landscape for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with specific genes contributing to risk, according to the first whole-genome study. The study identified rare genetic variants and highlights the need for personalized approaches to IBD treatment.
A new program has shown that participatory programs encouraging elderly patients to be active need greater emphasis in elderly care centers. The Adachi Rehabilitation Program increased participants' step count even on days with no sessions, leading to improved physical activity for older adults.
Researchers analyzed persistent COVID-19 symptoms in adults for up to nine months after illness onset, finding that these symptoms can significantly impact daily life. The study suggests that ongoing health issues and limitations may persist even after the initial illness has resolved.
Research reveals that coral reefs in the Maldives get more than 70% of their predator's diet from offshore resources. The findings highlight the importance of understanding food web dynamics to predict impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems.
Researchers at Tampere University used AI to predict nonlinear dynamics in optical systems, overcoming computational limitations. The new approach allows for faster and more efficient numerical modeling of devices in telecommunications, manufacturing, and imaging.
Researchers found a microalgal sugar that is resistant to microbial degradation, forming particles that sink to the ocean floor and store carbon. This discovery challenges the assumption that sugars are rapidly degraded by bacteria, making them an important carbon sink.
A new study reveals that the Forkhead box protein O3 (FOXO3) gene helps preserve brain stem cells by preventing them from dividing until the environment is safe. This mechanism may contribute to the longevity of certain individuals and explain why exercise boosts mental sharpness.
Aarthi Narayanan and Lance Liotta are conducting three studies to assess the therapeutic efficacy of candidate interventions for COVID-19. The researchers are using mouse models to determine the survival advantage conferred by various treatments.
A global study estimates that nature processes over 2 million cubic meters of human waste annually, equivalent to 41.7 million tons, in 48 cities containing about 82 million people. This natural process contributes significantly to sanitation services, worth approximately $4.4 billion per year.
Researchers analyzed temperatures from Dec. 1, 2020, to mid-January 2021, finding that warming in the Arctic and cooling in the tropical Pacific contributed to record-breaking low temperatures across 58 cities in China. The synergistic effect intensified cold air intrusions into mid-high latitudes, influencing extreme cold conditions.
A new isolated lymphatic vessel lumen perfusion system was developed to evaluate the interaction between nanoparticles and lymphatic vessels. The system enables detailed examinations of nanomaterial movements and biological safety, paving the way for safe clinical applications.
Researchers examined U.S.-based vaccine clinical trials from 2011 to 2020, finding they were underrepresented by racial/ethnic minorities, females, and older adults. The study aimed to address these disparities and improve vaccine inclusion.
The CLASP2 sounding rocket experiment charted the magnetic field strength all the way up to the top of the chromosphere, a long-sought goal. This breakthrough brings scientists closer to understanding how magnetic fields heat the solar corona.
A study by Jon Zabala found that Basque individuals with strong identity and collective empowerment display high levels of personal and social wellbeing, as well as community participation. The researcher suggests that feeling identified with Basques balances negative aspects of being a linguistic minority.
Researchers use zebrafish to study human cancer and discover that the innate immune system actively destroys cancer cells. However, tumor cells can adapt and evade immune detection through a process called 'Immunoediting', leading to immunotherapy resistance.
Researchers developed a direct cloning method, CAPTURE, to accelerate large-scale discovery of novel natural products. The method allows for efficient cloning of large genomic fragments, including those with high-GC content or sequence repeats.
Research found that warmer temperatures lead to decreased COVID-19 case rates, while cooler temperatures increase the rate of new cases. The study analyzed daily low temperatures and infection rates from Jan 22 to April 6, 2020, in 50 countries and showed a significant correlation between temperature and transmission.
A new study has sequenced the carbohydrate structures of glycoproteins from two different sheep prion strains, revealing no major differences that could explain the diversity in prion strains. The findings suggest glycans may not be responsible for the biochemical and neuropathological differences between strains.
A recent study published in Scientific Reports estimated that COVID-19 has caused a total of 20,507,518 years of life lost globally. The research found that this number is significantly higher than the average years of life lost due to seasonal flu or heart disease.
Researchers have successfully controlled quantum jumps in atomic nuclei using X-ray light, enabling ultra-precise atomic clocks and potentially powerful nuclear batteries. The technique requires precise control of high-energy X-ray pulses to manipulate quantum dynamics.
A study by Oregon State University found that converting electrical transmission tower bases into habitats can increase population density and diversity among wildlife, including arthropods and small mammals. The project, conducted in Spain's Andalusia region, showed significant increases in species diversity and bird populations after...
Researchers have found that 42,000-year-old New Zealand kauri trees can accurately analyze the last complete reversal of the Earth's magnetic field. The study's findings suggest that the weak magnetic field had a significant impact on the atmosphere, leading to increased cosmic radiation and changes in ozone levels.
Scientists have detailed a mechanism in the Covid-19 corona that could help find new treatments by identifying promising drug targets. The researchers used computational modeling techniques to simulate movements of nearly 300 protein structures, focusing on the spike protein, which forms the extended corona of the virus.
Scientists have found evidence of protein folding at the site of intracellular droplets, which are formed when fluids separate into microscopic droplets. This phenomenon is linked to increased potential for protein aggregation and misfolding, a hallmark of neurological diseases like Alzheimer's and ALS.
University of Illinois Chicago faculty members advocate for research ethics reforms to engage Black populations in COVID-19 and BLM-related studies. The authors recommend understanding ongoing trauma, acknowledging historical context, and ensuring diverse research teams to foster trust.
Researchers demonstrate that basic features of simple polymers and prebiotic environment can give rise to selection processes that reduce disorder. They identify specific base sequences that enable oligomers to fold into particular shapes, leading to the emergence of catalytically active complexes like ribozymes.
Paramecium uses a complex system to determine mating types, allowing for genetic variation and reproduction. The mechanism involves programmed genome rearrangements and small RNAs that eliminate unnecessary DNA sequences.
The Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology has received a €2 million Arcadia grant to document Mongolian archaeological heritage over five years. The project, MAPSS, will compile an open-access online database of heritage sites in English, Mongolian, and Russian.
A study investigated the correlation between surgical site infection rates and hospital audit scores in Swiss hospitals. The results showed a clear connection between low SSI rates and high audit scores, suggesting that better surveillance systems can reduce infection rates.
A new study from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign found that the incidence of prolonged hiring difficulties for STEM workers in the IT help desk sector is modest, with only 11%-15% of vacancies showing signs of persistent hiring frictions. The researchers identified organizational characteristics, management strategy, and...
Researchers designed and tested 32 inhibitors targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, a key viral protein required for replication. The study found six compounds with high potency to protect cells from infection, offering promise for the development of orally available anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.