A new study found that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a safe and effective treatment for depression when administered at home. Researchers reported significant improvements in depression severity and remission rates compared to a placebo control group.
A new special issue of JCOM explores the challenges and opportunities of communicating basic science, highlighting its relevance in everyday life. The issue emphasizes the importance of curiosity and the need to convey the impact of scientific discoveries on individuals.
A literature review identifies factors influencing material microstructure evolution during Arc wire-based DED. Novel techniques like interlayer forging and ultrasonic impact enhance material properties, reducing defects and improving microstructure.
Researchers at Osaka University demonstrated that ultra-short, high-dose proton irradiation increases cell survival rates even under normoxic conditions. This breakthrough could lead to the development of a cancer treatment method with fewer side effects.
Researchers at WVU have developed microwave technology to recover propylene from polypropylene waste, which can be reused in new plastics or products. The process uses precise control and lower temperatures than traditional methods, offering energy efficiency and reduced emissions.
Researchers found Inuit children's head circumferences were significantly larger than WHO charts, leading to overdiagnosis of macrocephaly and underdiagnosis of microcephaly. This perpetuates a system that brings harm to Inuit people due to historical context of racism and mistreatment.
A new study found that microbes have driven the recent surge in methane emissions between 2020 and 2022, accounting for over 90% of global emissions. This shift challenges previous research suggesting fossil fuels as the primary source of methane growth.
Researchers at Penn State College of Medicine have re-engineered natural killer immune cells with blue light-activated protein function, allowing them to infiltrate and kill solid tumor spheroids. The technology has shown promising results in killing breast cancer and melanoma cells within seven days.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a promising intervention for addressing medical non-adherence in pediatric patients with chronic illnesses. CBT successfully integrates principles of learning theory and cognitive science to address behavioral and emotional challenges that affect health outcomes.
MASLD's complex molecular mechanisms underpin fat accumulation and progression. Targeting lipid metabolism with GLP-1 agonists, FXR agonists, and CPMs holds promise for effective treatments.
A research team developed a sensor material that amplifies optical signals of cancer metabolites in body fluids and analyzes them using artificial intelligence. The technology can diagnose colorectal cancer, lung cancer, and other types of cancer, providing a non-invasive way to detect the disease.
A recent study reveals that when people are told a story was written by AI, they rate it poorly, suggesting a distrust of AI-generated art. Researchers believe this could hinder the use of AI in public health campaigns to encourage healthy behaviors.
Researchers have discovered that electrons in certain quantum materials behave like a viscous fluid, allowing for the detection of terahertz waves. This breakthrough enables faster data transfer and advanced medical imaging technologies.
Research from the University of Utah suggests immigrants express a greater willingness to serve in the armed forces of both countries. This contradicts harsh narratives perpetuated by some Republicans who characterize immigrants as parasitic.
Researchers found that the El Niño oscillation persisted at least 250 million years ago, with more intense temperature swings. The study suggests that atmospheric noise from ocean surface winds plays a key role in the oscillation's magnitude.
The Open Radar Code Architecture (ORCA) offers scientists a standardized way to build ice-penetrating radar systems, reducing costs and increasing efficiency. This enables glaciologists to collect and reuse data more effectively, advancing research into melting ice sheets and sea-level rise.
College of Medicine – Tucson researchers are using a $3.3 million grant to test advanced breast computed tomography (CT) scans that create high-resolution 3-D images without physical compression, aiming to enhance early cancer detection and diagnosis for women with dense breasts. The technology has the potential to detect more breast c...
A large federally funded study found a 37% reduction in overdose deaths from opioids combined with stimulant drugs other than cocaine, primarily fentanyl and methamphetamine. Intervention communities implemented evidence-based practices, including naloxone distribution and education campaigns, which led to lower death rates.
Researchers will map carbon distribution, identify high-risk areas, and inform fire suppression strategies to maximize carbon storage in the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge. The project aims to address the growing threat of permafrost thaw, which could release 1,700 billion metric tons of carbon.
A recent study reviews advancements in reinforcement learning for autonomous vehicle control, highlighting similarities and differences in DRL formulations and training algorithms. The research aims to enhance RL applications, making autonomous vehicles more capable of handling complex traffic situations under uncertain conditions.
The article highlights patchwork strategies for managing high prescription drug costs, but emphasizes the need for solutions that address root causes of high prices. Clinicians can use existing solutions to help patients access costly medications, but policy changes are necessary for sustainable affordable access.
A recent study found a potential link between air pollution and cognitive impairment, with fine particulate matter exposure correlating with declined cognitive processing time. Systemic inflammation, driven by an increase in monocytes, may act as a key intermediary linking PM2.5 exposure to impaired cognitive function.
Two new studies find that global warming is increasing fire dynamics, particularly in Australia, South America, Western North America, and Siberia, leading to more burned areas. Climate change also increased deaths from fire-related air pollution, with a 15.8% rise in global burned area from 2003 to 2019.
This review discusses the growing trend of integrating nutrients and traditional healing practices for holistic health. The authors highlight the importance of prevention, genetic and lifestyle factors, environmental and mental well-being, and the synergy between nutrients and natural medicines.
A new genomic study reveals high genetic diversity and low inbreeding in the endangered Oriental Stork population, a common finding in many critically endangered species. The study provides hope for the species' long-term survival and suggests that protecting its habitats could rapidly rescue this species from extinction.
Researchers found that fear memories start as broad associative memories, but become more specific over time. Individuals with high anxiety may struggle with integrating episodic memories, leading to persistent fear linked to cues.
Researchers found that co-payment cards can lower out-of-pocket costs for privately insured patients taking brand-name prescription drugs. Additionally, public assistance programs and direct-to-consumer pharmacies can provide affordable alternatives for uninsured individuals and those with Medicare Part D. The study suggests that clini...
A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that methadone is more effective than buprenorphine/naloxone in reducing treatment discontinuation rates among individuals with opioid use disorder. The risk of mortality was low and did not differ significantly between the two medications.
A new artificial 'nose' inspired by the human sense of smell can detect undiagnosed diseases, hazardous gases, and food spoilage using existing antenna technology. The sensor distinguishes between different gases with an accuracy of 96.7%, surpassing previous electronic noses in some areas.
Infant mortality rates in the US increased significantly following the Dobbs decision, with no post-Dobbs months showing lower-than-expected rates. The findings are consistent with previous reports of increased infant mortality in Texas following its abortion ban.
Tyrus Berry aims to create a robust sensor that can measure multiple parameters simultaneously with high accuracy. The project will provide mathematical tools for tracking physical parameter drift and verified uncertainty estimates.
Researchers have shown that cancer cells can modify their ribosomes to become less visible to the immune system, allowing them to evade detection. This discovery could lead to new cancer therapies by making these cells more visible to the immune system.
The project aims to develop methods that fuse physics and data for decision making in the presence of uncertainty. The research will benefit scientists working in various fields, including numerical analysis, optimization, structural engineering, and bioengineering.
Researchers developed a new PET scan that accurately visualizes benign tumors in the pancreas, known as insulinomas, which can cause low blood sugar levels. The Exendin-PET scan uses a substance found in lizard saliva to detect these tumors, improving diagnosis and treatment outcomes.
Researchers investigated how young people decide whether to intervene in a potentially dangerous situation, such as sexual harassment. They found that prosocial motivations and emotional reactions, including anger, were strong motivators for intervention, while concerns about safety and moral considerations played a role. The study sug...
Polyploidy, a state with extra genetic material, allows cancer cells to survive longer under DNA damage. This phenomenon explains why some cancers are resistant to anti-cancer drug treatments.
A new study from Case Western Reserve University reveals how ethnic Tibetan women thrive in low-oxygen environments, with unique blood and heart traits enhancing oxygen delivery. The research provides valuable insights into human adaptation to extreme environments and offers clues about future environmental challenges.
Researchers at Nagoya University developed an innovative method to synthesize amorphous nanosheets from challenging metal oxides and oxyhydroxides. The process uses surfactants to create ultrathin layers with numerous defects, making them excellent active sites for catalytic reactions.
A Phase I human clinical trial is commencing to test the efficacy and safety of transplantation of olfactory cell nerve bridges to treat chronic spinal cord injury. The trial combines olfactory ensheathing cells with long-term intensive rehabilitation.
A genetic variant causing shorter eyestalks in male stalk-eyed flies leads to increased aggression, allowing them to compete for mating opportunities despite being less attractive.
A new clinical guideline from the American Stroke Association outlines strategies to support brain health and prevent stroke throughout a person's lifespan. The guideline recommends regular health screenings, identifying risk factors, lifestyle interventions, and medications to reduce the risk of a first stroke.
A new method uses principal components-based feature generation and optimized Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to estimate the State of Charge (SoC) in LiFePO4 batteries. This approach improves the accuracy and robustness of existing SoC estimation methods, enabling real-time implementation.
Researchers developed a system using woodchips and biochar to remove nitrogen, phosphorus, and pharmaceuticals from wastewater. The treatment-train approach showed significant removal of pollutants, with the biochar acting like activated carbon to efficiently remove pharmaceutical residues.
Research from multiple ice cores in Greenland provides new understanding of Dansgaard-Oeschger events, which represent 'tipping points' in Earth's climate. The findings suggest interactions between the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and wintertime sea ice play a key role in these events.
Brian Leard, a PhD student at Lehigh University, has been awarded a prestigious DOE grant to conduct research at the DIII-D National Fusion Facility. He aims to develop simulation codes that can optimize actuator operation and improve the accuracy of plasma physics predictions.
Dr. Lishan Yang is developing an automated tool called MELIOREM to enhance the safety of autonomous vehicles through rigorous testing and simulation. The project aims to identify potential safety issues before they affect public roads, ensuring dependability and safety for all road users.
The tube spinning process offers distinct advantages, including lower forming load, heightened accuracy, and surface finish. It has been applied to various materials, such as magnesium alloy, aluminum alloy, and composite materials, to form hollow rotary components.
Researchers have determined complex acid-base equilibria for sulfur dioxide in water and found unique behavior at the liquid-vapor interface under acidic conditions. This knowledge is crucial for developing strategies to reduce air pollution and its harmful effects on health and the environment.
A McGill University study reveals that vitamin D deficiency early in life can lead to a higher risk of autoimmune diseases like Type 1 diabetes. The research found that an aging thymus causes the immune system to become less effective, increasing the risk of misdirected immune cells attacking healthy tissues.
Researchers estimate that climate change played a significant role in the severity of the 2022 European drought, which affected an area larger than at any time since 1960. The study found that climate change contributed to 31% of the soil moisture deficit and 38% of the drought-affected area.
Parachute fibers' behavior under stress was studied using micro-CT scans, revealing they are not isotropic and respond differently to increasing loads. The findings inform processes like parachute assembly and improve models for screening parachute materials, making industries more cost-effective and time-efficient.
Researchers at Emory University have discovered a family of enzymes that work to reduce IgG-mediated pathologies in diseases like Myasthenia Gravis. The newly found enzyme was used to treat various IgG-mediated pathologies in mice and found to be extremely effective, requiring only 4,000 times less of the enzyme than current treatments.
Researchers aim to improve gene therapy design for life-long correction of genetic diseases, but face unknowns including immune response and genomic changes. A five-year NIH award will fund an analysis of genetic and cellular determinants of gene therapy longevity.
Researchers developed an innovative electrothermal model to accurately estimate state-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-temperature (SOT) of large-format lithium-ion batteries. The method improves prediction performance in a wide temperature range, reducing the risk of thermal hazards and enhancing vehicle safety.
A new study by H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center researchers has uncovered crucial information about the incidence and risk factors of oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infections among men in the US, Mexico, and Brazil. The study found that the risk of acquiring oral HPV was notably higher in the US compared to Brazil and Mexico.
The new Hispanic Thrifty Food Plan (H-TFP) is a cost-neutral alternative to the USDA's Thrifty Food Plan, respecting traditional Hispanic eating patterns while adhering to established nutritional guidelines. The H-TFP aims to preserve cultural food preferences while promoting healthy eating at the same cost.
A new virtual vibration test rig (VTR) simulates the fatigue life of dozer push arms with unprecedented accuracy, offering a cost-effective alternative to traditional physical testing. The VTR reduces testing time from hours to minutes while cutting costs, making it a game-changer for the construction industry.
A new study suggests that Betelgeuse's pulsing is due to an orbiting companion star known as the 'Betelbuddy'. The star acts like a snowplow, pushing light-blocking dust out of the way and making Betelgeuse appear brighter. Researchers used computer simulations to confirm this hypothesis, ruling out other possible causes.
A long-term study found that nitrogen input from fertilizers reduces the diversity of nitrogen-fixing plants in temperate forests. The forestREplot database revealed a significant decrease in these plants' abundance with increasing nitrogen levels, regardless of temperature changes and aridity trends.
A recent study from Kyushu University found that the absolute number of women in STEM departments significantly influences research output, fostering a supportive environment and promoting higher and more stable results. Traditional metrics focusing solely on proportion show little correlation with academic performance.