Researchers developed a novel predictive model to accurately predict soil resistivity, reducing the need for extensive testing and modifications. The study's findings can optimize substation grounding designs, cutting costs while maintaining regulatory compliance.
A study from Tsinghua University Press identifies a fuzzy essential zone in the open bacterial pagenome, characterized by a highly connected ES subnetwork and beneficial GA subnetworks. This discovery can be applied to other prokaryotes using robust Tn-seq procedures.
A new smartphone-based digital holographic microscope enables precise 3D measurements and has potential applications in medical diagnostics, education, and resource-limited settings. The portable device uses a simple optical system created with a 3D printer and calculates reconstructions based on a smartphone.
A recent study by researchers at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science found that female American lobsters groom their offspring without significant impact from temperature and acidity levels forecasted for Maine's coastal waters. This behavior is crucial in other crustaceans, but its importance for the lobster species remains uncle...
Researchers Gavin Cornwell, Sneha Couvillion, and Bo Peng will study bioparticles, soil microbes, and their impact on climate models. They aim to improve representations of ice nucleating particles and understand lipid exchange in soil ecosystems.
A study published in the journal Brain shows that increases in protein levels with new Alzheimer's drugs can explain the slowing of cognitive impairment at least as well as the reduction in amyloid plaques. The researchers found that higher levels of a critical brain protein correlate equally well with cognitive benefits.
A new study from City St George's University of London found that approximately 1 in 20 adults are closely related to someone who has been the victim of a serious assault. These 'indirect victims' face numerous health challenges, including mental health issues such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The study sugg...
A new study reveals that pesticide residue concerns are the most frequently cited source of food safety fears amongst consumers in Bangladesh, Ghana, Kenya, Pakistan and Uganda. Consumers who express concerns with pesticides are more likely to demand fruits and vegetables from specialist shops and avoid those from street hawkers.
Jakob Zimmermann is receiving a total of 1.6 million euros from the European Research Council (ERC) to study T-cell immune memory in the intestine and its connection with intestinal flora, aiming to develop new treatments for chronic inflammatory bowel diseases and vaccines.
Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University found that bluestreak cleaner wrasse use mirrors to evaluate their body size against other fish before attacking. This study suggests that these animals possess mental states similar to private self-awareness, shedding light on the evolution of self-awareness in non-human species.
A post-hoc analysis of the SURMOUNT trials found that tirzepatide consistently reduced body weight in both males and females, but women experienced greater weight loss with up to 24.6% reduction compared to 18.1% for men. The safety profile was broadly similar by sex, but females were more likely to experience nausea and vomiting.
Scientists at Johannes Gutenberg Universitaet Mainz create a new approach to prepare highly efficient dyad photocatalysts through electrostatic interactions, outperforming established catalysts. The novel method enables the use of inexpensive additives to improve performance and durability.
Four plants eaten by western lowland gorillas in Gabon, also used by local traditional healers, show antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Researchers identify four plant species with promising targets for treating multidrug-resistant infections.
Researchers at Boston University discovered a new method to harness self-amplifying RNA to create more effective vaccines. The modified saRNA vaccine protected mice from severe COVID-19 disease with a lower dose than current mRNA vaccines. Longer duration of protein expression and reduced inflammation were also observed.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that CAR T-cell therapy patients developed second primary malignancies at a similar rate as those receiving standard-of-care therapies. Studies with patients who received more prior lines of treatment showed higher SPM rates, while longer follow-up times may indicate survivorship bias.
A recent study presented at the Future of Dementia in Africa conference reveals genetic differences between African and Caucasian populations with Alzheimer's disease. The findings suggest that a lack of diversity in genomic studies may limit the effectiveness of targeted therapies across diverse populations.
Researchers confirm Clovis people built a camp in southwest Michigan and traveled to it annually for up to five years. The team found tools and protein evidence showing a diverse diet including musk ox, caribou, deer, hare, and peccary.
A recent study published in JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology found that quitting smoking can significantly lower the risk of atrial fibrillation, with former smokers having around 13% lower risk and current quitters having an 18% lower risk. The benefits of quitting are seen shortly after stopping smoking.
A groundbreaking study finds that stress-induced changes in sperm motility occur after a stressful event, not during it, and improves sperm performance. Researchers observed changes in extracellular vesicles that play a role in sperm development and maturation.
A new subtype of small cell lung cancer has been identified that primarily affects younger people who have never smoked. The disease has distinct clinical and pathological features, and a unique molecular mechanism involving chromothripsis-mediated DNA damage.
A study of 164,170 Medicare beneficiaries reveals racial disparities in opioid prescriptions after hip fracture hospitalization. Black and Asian patients receive significantly lower doses of opioids compared to white patients.
A study published in PNAS estimates that over 3,000 species are at risk of extinction due to earthquakes, hurricanes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions. The researchers found that 42% of these species live in regions where one or more of the four natural hazards have occurred in the past 50 years.
A study by Bonn researchers confirms the important function of concept neurons in working memory and predicts correct memorization. The activation of these neurons during the working memory phase can also be used to predict whether a test subject will correctly remember an image that has already been shown.
A large-scale population analysis confirms tirzepatide's similar gastrointestinal tolerability to other GLP-1 medications without increased risk of diabetic retinopathy, medullary thyroid cancer, or pancreatitis. Researchers analyzed real-world evidence from the FDA adverse event reporting system database and found that tirzepatide has...
Researchers at Cornell University have developed microscale robots that can change shape and move independently. The robots are printed as a 2D hexagonal 'metasheet' but, with the application of electricity, transform into pre-programmed 3D shapes and crawl.
A novel network computer model, DiWANN, allows for efficient searches of cancer genetic data, identifying co-occurring mutations and similarities among DNA sequence elements across several types of cancer. The model provides a scalable solution to prioritize possible treatment targets.
A single dose of the Modified vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) vaccine was found to be 58% effective in preventing mpox infection in a recent study published in BMJ. The study used real-world health data to estimate the vaccine's effectiveness against mpox infection and included over 3,200 men who received the MVA-BN vaccine.
Researchers at Emory University used spiny mice as a laboratory model to study the neural mechanisms of group living in mammals. The study found that neural signaling from the brain's anterior cingulate cortex drives the preference for spiny mice to affiliate with large peer groups.
A new study published in Health Data Science reveals that both spontaneous and induced abortions are associated with an increased risk of premature mortality. The research found that induced abortions were strongly linked to cardiovascular death, while spontaneous abortions also elevated the risk of all-cause premature mortality.
The study found H5N1 virus detected in 10 out of 10 cities and 22 out of 23 sites, but no correlation with hospitalizations. The team used viral probe capture to detect viruses in wastewater samples, revealing animal origins of the virus load
A research team has created a magnetically controlled prosthetic hand allowing users to replicate movements by thinking and apply force when grasping objects. The system involves implanting small magnets into the muscles of the forearm, enabling everyday activities like opening jars and picking up coins.
A recent study found that DNA demethylation via 5-Azacytidine enhances tomato fruit defense against gray mold by upregulating key enzymes. This epigenetic approach primes tomatoes for swift defense gene activation, offering a robust response against fungal attacks.
A new study challenges the long-held 'ecocide' theory of Rapanui population collapse by analyzing ancient DNA from 15 individuals. The research found no evidence of a dramatic population collapse in the 1600s, instead revealing a stable and growing population until European contact in the 18th century.
The IndiPHARM platform will measure hundreds of drugs and their metabolites, as well as thousands of chemicals derived from the environment, diet, and lifestyles. By developing rapid, cost-effective tests, IndiPHARM aims to identify situations that interfere with drug therapy and adjust treatments accordingly.
Pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death traditionally thought to be purely inflammatory, also plays a crucial role in promoting healing and tissue repair. Cells undergoing pyroptosis release beneficial molecules that encourage wound healing.
A review article discusses the application of operando ATR-SEIRAS in studying electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction mechanisms and surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy. The technique helps understand reaction intermediates, catalyst performance, and local pH at the electrode.
A recent study reviews the intricate biosynthesis and regulation of ginsenosides in Panax notoginseng, highlighting key enzymes and transcription factors. The findings support breeding superior varieties and optimization of production techniques to enhance ginsenoside quality and production.
The report highlights the need for urgent action to reduce pressure on the planet and ensure a basic standard of living for everyone. It recommends a coordinated effort between policymakers, businesses, and civil society to address inequality and transform the economy.
A study published in Nature Sustainability has found an antidote to neonicotinoids, a class of pesticides killing bees. The treatment involves tiny ingestible microparticles that physically bind to the pesticide, leading to 30% higher survival rates and reduced symptoms in bumblebees.
Positronium, an exotic atom composed of an electron and a positron, has been cooled to just 1 degree above absolute zero. This achievement could aid in studying the properties of antimatter and potentially unlock secrets of the universe.
A new study suggests a novel way to prevent mold growth on future space stations by understanding the exposures that happen in the space environment. Repeated elevated humidity exposures can lead to rapid microbial growth and composition changes in dust, making it easier for microbes to thrive.
Deforestation leads to decreased cloud cover, which partially offsets surface albedo change's cooling effect on climate. Researchers analyzed idealized deforestation simulations using climate models to provide insights into the impact of large-scale deforestation on global low-level and tropical high-level clouds.
A new study published in The FEBS Journal found that protein C1QL1 plays a crucial role in promoting the replacement of specialized cells responsible for producing myelin. This discovery could lead to novel therapies for demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis.
The USGS has released a new map showing areas most prone to landslides across the US. The map highlights regions with high susceptibility to landslides, enabling scientists and policymakers to prepare for potential disasters and implement mitigation strategies.
Researchers developed a comprehensive roadmap to measure legacy phosphorus accumulation in soils. They identified key priorities and non-priorities, providing a unified vision for future phosphorus use. The study found that accumulated phosphorus is often located in the top 12 inches of soil and transforms into different forms than whe...
Researchers highlight key phagocytosis checkpoints and 'do not eat me' signals as potential therapeutic targets for novel immunotherapies. The editorial summarizes challenges in targeting CD47 and potential solutions to overcome these obstacles.
Surgical sterilization rates increased significantly among women in the US following the Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Supreme Court decision, with a notable rise in states where abortion access was limited or banned. Researchers found that tubal sterilization remained an irreversible method of contraception despite changing state laws.
Researchers found Sc substitution suppresses secondary phases, improving TSAG ceramics' optical transmittance and magneto-optical property. The addition of Sc2O3 expands the solid-solution range, allowing for wider compositional flexibility.
A new study published in Science Advances has found that antibiotics disrupt the protective mucus layer in the intestine, increasing the risk of inflammatory bowel disease. Researchers discovered that antibiotics damage the mucus barrier in a microbiota-independent manner, facilitating bacterial penetration and gut inflammation.
A special issue of the Journal of Health Communication highlights climate change communication challenges, including misinformation, disinformation, and complex nature of climate events. The issue offers strategies for overcoming these challenges through interdisciplinary research on communication strategies, media, message understandi...
A new study published in The BMJ found that shorter-course radiation therapy is safer and more convenient for breast cancer patients than conventional schedules. Moderate hypofractionation reduced the risk of acute radiation dermatitis by 46% compared to conventional fractionation, while also improving cosmesis and quality of life.
A new study proposes a method to accurately heal dynamic cracks in membranes using nanoparticles, improving separation performances and durability. The technique has been shown to save up to 85% of energy consumption while extending the lifespan of the membrane.
Researchers at NTU Singapore and Oxford have identified a new process called nucleophagy that helps cells remove harmful DNA-protein lesions, promoting genetic material stability and cell survival. This discovery may improve cancer treatment outcomes for patients with colorectal cancer.
A new volcano has been discovered on Jupiter's moon Io through analysis of JunoCam images, featuring multiple lava flows and volcanic deposits. The volcano is located just south of the equator and showcases the moon's ongoing geological activity.
A cross-sectional study found that over 50% of adults with uncontrolled hypertension in the US are unaware of their condition and untreated. Despite treatment, 70.8% of patients experience persistent uncontrolled hypertension, highlighting a need for improved healthcare strategies to address this critical public health issue.
Researchers create a novel paradigm for adding non-canonical amino acids to proteins by using four RNA nucleotides instead of the traditional three. This approach allows for efficient and targeted incorporation of new building blocks into specific sites in target proteins, enabling the creation of tailored proteins with unique functions.
A new study from Cornell University and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation reveals bald eagles are most vulnerable to lead poisoning from bullet fragments, with many species at risk due to scavenging deer carcasses. The researchers used bald eagles as a bioindicator for ongoing monitoring of lead hazards.
A fossilized Neanderthal, nicknamed 'Thorin', lived in a small isolated community for over 50,000 years before the species' extinction. The discovery reveals two distinct Neanderthal populations coexisted without exchanging genes, challenging previous assumptions about their population structure.
A novel deep learning model, DS-ViT-ESA, was developed to predict lithium battery lifespan with high accuracy using only a small amount of charging cycle data. The model achieved low prediction errors even when tested on unseen charging strategies, demonstrating its zero-shot generalization capability.
A study led by Cesar de la Fuente and his team has uncovered sequences for infection-fighting molecules in the genomic data of extinct species. These ancient β-defensins may lead to the creation of new antimicrobial therapies, including antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral treatments.