A study found significant racial disparities in who received same-day diagnostic services and biopsies after abnormal mammogram findings, with Black women being less likely to receive same-day biopsies. Rural-resident patients were more likely to receive same-day diagnostic services than urban residents.
Researchers at the University of Navarra present a new prediction methodology to improve fairness and reliability of AI models used in critical decision-making. The methodology optimizes parameters of reliable machine learning models, reducing inequalities related to sensitive attributes.
Researchers discovered that tropical riparian ecosystems recovered rapidly within two million years of the end-Permian mass extinction, indicating a faster-than-thought adaptation. This finding contradicts previous theories on ecosystem recovery and suggests that life on land may have been more resilient than previously believed.
Researchers have discovered a critical link between a cholesterol byproduct and Parkinson's disease development in mice. The study highlights the role of 24-OHC in forming Lewy bodies and killing dopamine neurons, with potential therapeutic targets emerging as drugs that prevent its production.
The project aims to investigate how building design, outdoor conditions, and climate contribute to indoor air pollution and heat exposure. The team will also create simulations to quantify the impact of housing on home environments.
Red panda researcher Sarah Huskisson is analyzing fecal samples to understand gut health and its relation to diet. Her study, funded by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums, may improve conservation breeding programs for the species.
Researchers found urban sprawl and poor waste management led to an abundance of plastic waste. Burning plastic releases harmful chemicals, posing health risks to women and children. The issue affects millions in cities struggling with basic services.
Researcher Anne Pisor discusses how group living and perception play a role in triggering the 'us versus them' mindset, which can lead to conflict. She also provides insights on how cultural background, past experiences, and resource availability contribute to this phenomenon.
Researchers at Trinity College Dublin have discovered a biomarker panel that can accurately identify patients at risk of developing pancreatic cancer, offering new hope for early detection and improved treatment. The study uses a combination of blood and fluid analysis to distinguish between low- and high-risk patients.
Researchers found that radiation combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors durvalumab and tremelimumab resulted in durable responses allowing for bladder preservation in localized MIBC patients. The study showed a high efficacy rate of 93% complete response rate, with 84% overall survival rate after two years.
Researchers discovered rate-induced tipping in Daisyworld, a model that regulates temperature through light and dark daisies. This finding mirrors observations in other models and real-life ecosystems, highlighting the danger of rapid environmental changes.
The American Heart Association has chosen five US regions to implement a new preventive health initiative aimed at improving care for people with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome. The initiative will increase awareness and screening for CKM syndrome and facilitate collaboration among healthcare professionals.
Thatchaphol Saranurak and Andrew Owens have been awarded Sloan Research Fellowships for their innovative work on graph networks and machine perception systems. Their research aims to create more efficient algorithms for computing dynamic systems, such as social networks and traffic patterns.
Jiang's project, 'CAREER: Efficient and Scalable Deployment Automation for Quantum-Centric Computing', aims to create an end-to-end pilot framework for quantum-centric computing cyberinfrastructure. The proposed deployment services will work for both near-term NISQ and long-term FTQC systems.
Amplified Sciences has received CLIA certification for its PanCystPro test, which helps risk stratify patients with pancreatic cystic lesions. The company plans to commercialize the test through an early access program and a clinical utility trial in 2025.
Three University of Arizona Health Sciences faculty members have received career development awards to support their research. Erika Austhof will study the role of weather and ecological drivers in salmonella transmission, while Kristin Huntoon will investigate a drug for treating glioblastomas. Celina Valencia will examine the link be...
A recent study found that different birds react differently to being infected with bird flu, and microRNAs may play a key role in this variation. The researchers analyzed blood samples from ruddy turnstones and found 163 different forms of microRNA, including two unique to birds.
A cross-sectional study found a significant increase in abortions among Colorado residents following the implementation of Texas SB8. This rise aligns with reports from area clinicians and media outlets, indicating increased patient demand and delayed appointments.
The flagship journal of the International Mycological Association has been published on the new ARPHA platform by Pensoft. The first ten manuscripts have now been published, featuring a broad spectrum of mycological subdisciplines and including articles on fungal evolution, ecology, and conservation.
A new study finds that restoring degraded grasslands in Chyulu Hills, Kenya, significantly reduces human-wildlife and social conflicts. By expanding restored areas, local Maasai communities experience fewer competitions over limited resources.
A study by researchers at the University of Kentucky has found that plant immune responses and human neurological health share common biochemical pathways. This discovery highlights the importance of plant-based diets for essential vitamins and amino acids, and suggests a link between disruptions in amino acid metabolism and human health.
Researchers discover that the CaMYB80 transcription factor enhances cold tolerance in pepper plants by targeting the CaPOA1 gene and boosting antioxidant activity. This finding holds promise for breeding cold-resistant crops to mitigate climate change impacts on agriculture.
The study found disparities in tobacco use across cumulative disabilities, with those having 3 or more disabilities experiencing worsening use trends. Targeted prevention and cessation efforts are needed to address these disparities.
Giles Oldroyd, a renowned plant geneticist, has been named as the next President of the Danforth Plant Science Center. He is recognized for his work on symbiotic interactions between plants and beneficial bacteria and fungi, and will lead the center in driving innovative research and expanding its impact globally.
Researchers at TU Wien developed COK-47, a powdery solid substance with remarkable capabilities, by combining organic and inorganic chemistry. In humid environments, the material forms a tribofilm that ensures extremely low friction, making it highly interesting for industry applications.
The Washington State Food Security Survey shows that food insecurity is widespread in the state, with rising grocery prices and expiring pandemic-era assistance programs exacerbating economic pressures. Key findings include higher rates of food insecurity among households with children and those earning $75,000–$150,000.
Kun Sun proposes framework using Large Language Models (LLMs) and Retrieval-Augmented Generation techniques to analyze Android app behavior, overcoming limitations of current methods. The project aims to deliver explainable results and uncover hidden code insights for more resilient digital ecosystems.
Australian Red Cross Lifeblood researchers surveyed over 4,000 people with haemochromatosis and found that their blood and plasma can be used to save lives. The study highlights the potential for these donors to increase blood supplies globally, particularly in countries accepting plasma donations from individuals with this condition.
Reducing smartphone use improves cognitive functioning, mental health, and wellbeing. Blocking internet access for two weeks resulted in significant improvements in sustained attention ability and symptoms of depression.
A new study highlights the importance of distinguishing between domains of physical activity. Researchers found that engaging in moderate to vigorous physical activity during leisure time reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes, while occupational physical activity has no similar benefits. The study's findings suggest that current WHO phys...
Scientists discovered a rare binary system consisting of a massive Be star and a compact white dwarf, with the Einstein Probe catching the X-ray signal from its initial flare-up to its fading away. The analysis revealed clues about the elements present in the exploding material, including nitrogen, oxygen, and neon.
A team of researchers at the University of Washington has developed a novel method for 3D printing objects using a mixture of coffee grounds, brown rice flour, and Reishi mushroom spores. The resulting material is compostable, lightweight, and strong, with a density similar to that of polystyrene foam.
A newly discovered mechanism has identified a key protein, AP2A1, that toggles between 'young' and 'old' cell states. By suppressing AP2A1 in older cells, researchers were able to reverse senescence and promote cellular rejuvenation. This breakthrough may lead to new treatment targets for diseases associated with old age.
In 2024, nine US grain dust explosions occurred, resulting in two injuries and no fatalities, similar to last year's numbers. The author, Kingsly Ambrose, emphasizes the importance of preventive maintenance and proper housekeeping to reduce the risk of explosions.
A study found that reductions in zinc and copper pollution led to improvements in freshwater biodiversity in England's rivers. The researchers used statistical modeling to investigate various factors contributing to the decline in metal pollution.
Astronomers have mapped the 3D structure of an exoplanet's atmosphere for the first time, revealing a unique climate with powerful winds carrying chemical elements like iron and titanium. The discovery opens the door for detailed studies of alien worlds' weather patterns.
A recent study found that individuals charged with sexual offenses against adults are at high risk of committing crimes against children, with up to 40% reporting interest in violent acts against minors. The study also identified effective prevention methods and a model of peer support for parents of child victims.
George Mason University has received a grant to develop a disease intervention specialist certification program, which aims to standardize the education and training of professionals. The program will analyze the workforce and qualitative assess employers who hire public health workers with the certification.
The Lung Cancer Research Foundation and Israel Cancer Research Fund are partnering to test an innovative new treatment for lung cancer. The project aims to explore the effects of a drug that targets IGF2BP1, a protein involved in cancer cell growth.
Researchers found that eBay sellers who respond slowly to buyer offers may be signaling they are close to accepting the price. Buyers, on the other hand, are discouraged by slow responses and less likely to make counteroffers. By taking a slow response as a positive sign, buyers can potentially get better deals.
Researchers developed novel antibiotic BTZ-043 to target drug-resistant tuberculosis. The study showed that BTZ-043 effectively penetrates TB lesions and accumulates there in high concentrations, making it a promising treatment option for TB patients.
Professor Matti Latva-aho, a leading expert in wireless communications, has been named WWRF Fellow for his pioneering work on next-generation wireless systems. His research focuses on evolving design criteria, energy-efficient transmission technologies, and advanced architectures.
A new polymer adhesive has been developed that can be removed from plastic surfaces with basic or alkaline solutions, improving the quality of recycled plastic. This breakthrough could transform how waste is handled across industries by making it easier to separate different materials during recycling.
Researchers have designed and demonstrated a large aperture, wide field of view eyepiece based on meta-optics, addressing challenges in miniaturizing and enhancing imaging systems. The doublet system employing two layers of meta-optics achieves high-quality imaging up to 60° full field of view.
The CSIC-UNESPA scientific expedition has confirmed the presence of the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI H5N1) in all species analyzed on six islands north of the Antarctic Peninsula. The virus was detected in dead and live animals, including penguins, seals, and birds.
A new low-cost handheld device combines paper-based sample preparation with real-time isothermal amplification for rapid and accurate HIV diagnosis. The device offers high sensitivity, portability, and simplicity, making it an ideal tool for resource-limited settings.
A Northwestern University-led team observed Sagittarius A*, the Milky Way's supermassive black hole, exhibiting a constant stream of flares with no periods of rest. The level of activity varies widely, from short interludes to long stretches, and appears to be random.
Researchers at UCF aim to create mobile robotic assistants that offer easier control and a better robot-human interface. The project, supported by a $600,000 grant, will focus on testing and user feedback, with initial trials conducted with students and adults with upper body paralysis.
Researchers developed a novel approach to coupled aeroelastic analysis of panels with add-on acoustic black holes, significantly increasing the critical flutter boundary and outperforming traditional damping devices. The study highlights the importance of selecting effective AABH modes for optimal performance.
A landmark study led by ISGlobal found that combining rapid diagnostic tests with conventional serology improves access to diagnosis for Chagas disease. The prevalence of Chagas is six times higher in an indigenous community in Paraguay compared to the capital.
A George Mason University doctoral student, Talley Bettens, is conducting two studies to investigate interrogation practices and perceptions of student confessions. Funding from the National Institute of Justice supports her research, which aims to improve understanding of these critical issues in education.
A new study from the University of Surrey emphasizes the need for transparency and trustworthiness in AI models. The research proposes a comprehensive framework known as SAGE to ensure that AI explanations are contextually relevant to end-users.
A study published in Scientific Reports found that cows with certain personalities tend to graze more widely or stick close to the herd. Researchers used sweet molasses feed to induce grazing behaviors, revealing insights into optimal cattle distribution and nutrition.
Research by Montana State University ecologist Diane Debinski found that eastern monarch butterflies are delaying their fall migration, staying in the field for nine days longer than they did in 2003. This delay was linked to a similar shift in the timing of milkweed blooming, which could have implications for population dynamics and v...
Researchers developed technology to evaluate radiation resistance of silicon carbide (SiC) power semiconductor devices in space environment. The technology helps ensure long-term reliability for SiC power semiconductors in aerospace applications.
Researchers at Aston University and the Royal Orthopaedic Hospital are developing an injectable paste using gallium-doped bioglass to treat bone cancer. The substance has anticancer and bone regenerative properties, showing a 99% success rate in eliminating cancerous cells.
Researchers created a computational method to track brain cell development over time, capturing unlabeled cells and fine structures in live cultures. The algorithm achieved high precision rates for detecting individual neurons, paving the way for studying neurological diseases and developing therapies.
Research team finds that heavy Mg isotopic signatures in volcanic rocks can be explained by partial melting of serpentinite-dominated mélanges. The study proposes a novel model involving diapiric rise and melting of these mélanges, which aligns with geochemical characteristics of arc magmas.
A deficiency of LRP1 in skeletal progenitor cells leads to severe and lasting skeletal defects, including joint fusion and impaired mobility. LRP1 regulates the non-canonical Wnt/planar cell polarity pathway, essential for proper bone formation.
A new study finds Americans are willing to pay nearly $100 billion for policies that reduce gun violence by 20%. The research, conducted by Duke University and the University of Chicago, shows widespread support from all demographics for stronger intervention. With a national WTP estimate of $97.6 billion, Americans are willing to inve...