Astronomers have detected a unique visible light component that varies with gamma rays, suggesting a common origin for both. This finding contradicts previous theories and sheds new light on the nature of these powerful cosmic events.
Researchers at RHIC have discovered a new state of matter that exhibits nearly perfect fluid motion, contradicting early theoretical predictions. The hot matter formed in collisions of gold ions moves collectively in response to pressure variations, displaying a high degree of coordination among particles.
Duke physicists Berndt Mueller and Steffen A. Bass contribute to the search for a superhot quark-gluon plasma by analyzing experimental data from RHIC collisions. Their work provides evidence that the matter created in these collisions exhibits unique properties, challenging current physical theory.
Researchers discovered two most chemically primitive stars, HE0107-5240 and HE1327-2326, offering insights into the universe's early stages. These unevolved dwarf stars have iron contents significantly lower than previously known stars, providing a glimpse into the elements produced during supernova explosions.
Recent studies of the cosmic microwave background radiation suggest that small black holes were widespread in the early universe and merged to form larger black holes. This finding could indicate an era in which small black holes were commonplace, with potential telltale evidence in galaxies without a central supermassive black hole.
The LCG project has united scientific organizations worldwide to create a massive computing infrastructure, enabling record-breaking data transfer and processing. The Grid will continue to grow rapidly over the next two years to meet the ambitious computing needs of the LHC.
A team of researchers has found evidence of dark energy in the universe's cosmic neighborhood, with billions of galaxies emerging from a sea of dark energy. The findings provide supporting evidence for the presence of dark energy, which is causing the universe to accelerate in expansion.
Researchers dust off dusty shelf by applying Hanbury Brown-Twiss Interferometry to high-energy gold nucleus collisions, reconciling experimental data with theoretical expectations. They found that pions in the plasma have a low mass inside but a higher mass outside, helping create quark-gluon plasma conditions similar to those just aft...
A Cornell University-led team has discovered a mysterious population of distant galaxies radiating in the infrared spectrum with hundreds of times more power than our Milky Way galaxy. The galaxies are thought to be ultraluminous infrared galaxies powered by massive starbursts or active galactic nuclei, and their discovery is published...
University of Pennsylvania astrophysicist Licia Verde outlines a multi-disciplinary approach to studying dark energy. The investigation draws on data from galaxy surveys, supernovae, and the Cosmic Microwave Background, providing clues about this enigmatic component.
A team of researchers has discovered a web-like system of gas clouds containing the missing baryons, which are thought to make up half of the universe's mass. The clouds, detected using X-ray telescope data, have temperatures of around 1 million degrees Celsius and are spread over vast distances.
A new avian species called Vegavis iaai has provided unprecedented fossil proof that some close cousins to living bird species coexisted with dinosaurs during the Cretaceous period. The research, published in Nature, places Vegavis within the Anseriformes group and indicates its evolutionary relationship to ducks and geese.
Researchers at CERN and European universities have re-evaluated the primary reaction creating carbon in stars, modifying the rate of this process. The findings suggest that the amount of carbon produced in the first stars was twice as fast as previously thought, with implications for element production in supernovae.
The SDSS team detected ripples in the galaxy distribution made by sound waves, providing evidence that galaxies grew via gravity. The findings support the standard cosmological model and provide insights into dark matter and dark energy's properties.
Researchers Sean Carroll and Jennifer Chen suggest infinite entropy, rather than finite, resolves the universe's low entropy, allowing for an eternal cycle of inflation and increasing entropy. This approach resolves a long-standing puzzle in physics, explaining why time flows in only one direction.
Researchers estimate that a neutron star is about 1.8 times as massive as the sun with a radius of about 7 miles, sparking interest in its equation of state and superfluid properties. The findings rule out free quarks and provide insights into the density-pressure relationship within the star.
Researchers at Stanford and Packard find that premature boys' brains are more severely affected than girls in areas responsible for reading, language, emotion, and behavior. The study reveals a significant disparity between preterm males and females, with preterm boys struggling more with speech and language.
Researchers found a blazar, an enormous source of energy from a supermassive black hole, which is one billion years old. The discovery sheds light on the formation of stars and galaxies, offering insights into the universe's early evolution.
Astrophysicists have found a solution to the long-standing problem of dwarf galaxies in supercomputer simulations, validating the cold dark matter theory. The new simulations suggest that small dwarf galaxies could have been more massive in the past and formed stars before being consumed by larger galaxies.
A new theory by Jason Tumlinson and colleagues reconciles two conflicting pieces of evidence on the nature of the first stars. The theory suggests that these early stars were smaller than previously thought, with masses between 20-100 times that of the sun.
Recent study by Yale University's Richard Easther and colleagues proposes that the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) may contain evidence for string theory. The CMB is thought to hold a fossilized record of the first moments of time, with subtle fluctuations potentially revealing signs of string theory.
Researchers analyzed data from 96,545 galaxies to track star formation history. They found that massive galaxies formed stars earlier than smaller ones, and star formation has decreased since then, contributing to the gradual dimming of the universe.
A team of astronomers has discovered 13 distant quasars, providing valuable insights into the early universe. The most ancient quasars are thought to have formed right along with supermassive black holes, suggesting a rapid transition from the cosmic dark ages to the cosmic renaissance.
Astronomers have found evidence of rapid galaxy formation in the early universe, including ultra-massive black holes and mature galaxies that formed at an unprecedented rate. This discovery poses a significant challenge to the cold dark matter theory, which predicts galaxies formed through a bottom-up process.
Brookhaven Lab operates the main computing facility for Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and is developing a system for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The laboratory is integrating its RHIC and LHC computing facilities into a comprehensive data grid, providing access to data from large-scale physics and astronomy experiments.
A team of astronomers studied the polarisation properties of GRB 030329's afterglow over 38 days, detecting significant variability in strength and orientation. The data reveal a unique diagnostic tool for gamma-ray burst studies, challenging existing theories.
Scientists at NIST have precisely measured the lifetime of neutrons using a powerful technique. The measurement is consistent with current theories about particles and forces of nature, providing valuable insights into the creation of matter immediately after the Big Bang.
A new model suggests that the Big Bang could have been an explosion within a black hole, with the universe expanding into an infinite space. The theory, developed by UC Davis and University of Michigan mathematicians, satisfies Einstein's equations while allowing for expansion.
Gravitational waves are ripples in space-time produced by massive objects' acceleration. The detection of these waves will provide unique information about astrophysical systems like supernovae and black hole formation.
The Harold Pender Award recognizes the contributions of Dennis Ritchie and Kenneth Thompson to the creation of the UNIX computer operating system, revolutionizing computing and paving the way for network-based computing. The award acknowledges their impact on society through their work on UNIX.
The team reconstructed a mass map of the galaxy cluster using NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope data, tracing dark matter's distribution with respect to galaxies. The study reveals that dark matter clumps together in certain regions, supporting the idea that clusters assemble through the merger of smaller groups.
A UBC-led research team has confirmed the existence of the universe's oldest and farthest planet, a gas giant formed 13 billion years ago. The ancient world takes a century to complete each orbit and is unlikely to support life due to its metal-poor composition.
Scientists have detected a rare nuclear fusion process that violates charge symmetry, allowing hydrogen to exist. The rate of this process is expected to provide clues about the cause of the violation, which may be linked to quarks.
The WMAP experiment's results confirm many aspects of inflationary theory while ruling out others. The latest trends in cosmology suggest a new era of precision cosmology, where speculation about the universe is confirmed or rejected by solid experimental data.
CERN and IBM will collaborate on a massive data grid project to handle the extreme data challenges of the Large Hadron Collider. The project aims to create a one petabyte storage solution and integrate it with Grid computing systems, enabling scientists to access their data from anywhere in the world.
Researchers have developed a web-based project to familiarize drivers with Boston's new Big Dig routes. The Web Big Dig Drive provides detailed information on signage, pavement markers, and side barriers, helping commuters and travelers adjust to the changes ahead of time.
Researchers probing strong nuclear force's nature encounter surprise at RHIC in Brookhaven, NY., where particles stream out faster from football-shaped collision tips than sides. This defies treasured boost invariance theory and complicates understanding of collisions.
Astronomers uncover a star with extremely low element abundance, providing a unique window into the Milky Way's early stages. The discovery challenges current theories and offers hope for finding 'unpolluted' Big Bang material.
A team of international astronomers has identified an ancient star in the Milky Way Galaxy, dated to 14-15 billion years ago. The discovery provides direct knowledge of the elemental composition of the universe shortly after the Big Bang, offering insights into the formation of stars and the chemical recipe of the early universe.
Drs. Gerald DiBona and John Hall have overturned the medical community's long-held understanding of kidney function, revealing that increased nerve activity leads to high blood pressure. Their research shows that abnormal kidney function causes salt and water excretion to decrease, resulting in hypertension.
Andrei Linde has been recognized with the Dirac Medal for his pioneering work in inflationary cosmology, which posits that the universe underwent a rapid expansion. His theory has already had notable observational successes and has become a paradigm for fundamental studies in cosmology.
A study by Dr Annette Hill found that over 70% of children and adults aged 4-65 regularly watch factual entertainment, including docu-soaps and game shows like Big Brother. Viewers tend to favor programs with relatable content and authenticity, often seeking 'moments of truth' amidst manufactured situations.
Researchers have developed a computer model to visualize gravitational waves produced by black-hole mergers, providing insight into Einstein's theory of general relativity. The model predicts that the waves will be relatively weak until moments before the merger, culminating in a thunderous impact.
The quasar APM 08279+5255 has a three times larger iron fraction than our solar system, contrary to expectations. This suggests an unknown efficient way of producing iron or the universe may be older than expected.
Researchers have made breakthroughs in open string theory, revealing connections between five distinct versions and investigating the properties of four-dimensional D-branes. Mathematical research has demonstrated that strings can only move along specific lines or surfaces in group spaces, paving the way for further study.
Astronomers have found evidence for dark dwarf galaxies that support the theory of cold dark matter. The study analyzed gravitational lensing effects on distant galaxies, revealing the presence of hundreds of invisible dwarf galaxies surrounding large galaxies.
The Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF) will study blue compact dwarf galaxies, which are deficient in heavy elements and contain as little as 2 percent of the solar system's share. The telescope will provide detailed physical information about distant targets using its infrared spectrograph instrument.
University of Washington cosmologist Craig Hogan believes new experiments could shed light on subatomic particles called gravitons, potentially uniting quantum mechanics and relativity. These advancements might also provide clues to the holographic principle, which suggests everything in 3D can be specified by information in 2D.
Researchers confirm a high degree of asymmetry between matter and antimatter, consistent with the Standard Model Theory. The finding sheds light on why the universe is made mostly of matter.
Researchers will model and study supernovae to discover how they occur and the complex physical processes involved. They aim to understand challenging issues in theoretical and computational physics, advancing national security interests.
Astronomers have observed a web-like structure in space using NASA's FUSE satellite, confirming theoretical models of how matter condensed into galaxies. The helium traces the universe's architecture back to very early times, shedding light on its re-energization by quasars and star birth.
Astronomers have detected the imprint of neutral atoms on light from a distant quasar, providing a glimpse into the early universe. The observation reveals that complex atoms such as carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and silicon were formed in the first stars and quasars, constraining the timing of the universe's reionization.
Researchers discovered a link between plant hormone auxin and stress response, mediated by the BIG protein. The study also found that IP3 acts as a second messenger in plant cell signaling.
The universe consists mostly of mysterious dark matter and dark energy, which make up 95% of its mass. Ordinary matter accounts for only 5%, a finding confirmed by observations of the cosmic microwave background.
A team of U.S. and European astronomers detect X-rays from the farthest known quasar, SDSSp J1044-0125, with a redshift of 5.8, revealing the universe's earliest objects. The quasar's low X-ray emission suggests it may be a 'precursor quasar' or have strong accretion processes.
A study by University of Illinois researchers found that men tend to prefer economic-based goals, while women prioritize socially satisfying pursuits. The study used the Big Five personality taxonomy to analyze responses from college-aged students.
The Interplanetary Network detected a gigantic gamma-ray burst, the most distant ever observed, from a dying star 30 times more massive than the sun. The burst is believed to have occurred 11 billion years ago and has been traveling through space for the same amount of time.
Researchers detect significant amount of deuterium in Sagittarius A cloud, 30 light years from Milky Way's center. The findings suggest that deuterium was created in the first few minutes after Big Bang and is not produced by stars or stellar activity.
Scientists are detecting head-on collisions between gold nuclei in RHIC, producing insights into the structure of matter and the early universe. The collider aims to recreate conditions similar to the Big Bang, allowing for studies of quark-gluon plasma and its properties.
A new study suggests that most gamma radiation reaching Earth is leftover energy from massive shock waves caused by gravitational forces. The collision of electrons with low-energy photons could be a sign of ordinary matter captured within intergalactic clouds, shedding light on the 'missing matter' puzzle.