Astronomers have detected a unique visible light component that varies with gamma rays, suggesting a common origin for both. This finding contradicts previous theories and sheds new light on the nature of these powerful cosmic events.
Researchers found that low-dose MDCT can provide similar diagnostic image quality to standard-dose CT scans while reducing radiation doses by up to 10 times. The study suggests low-dose MDCT is a better option for evaluating sinus disease in children due to its improved accuracy and reduced need for sedation.
Scientists detected gamma rays in thunderstorms, contradicting a long-held theory. The study found lightning strokes preceding the gamma rays, suggesting a negative cause-and-effect relationship.
A total of eight new VHE gamma-ray sources have been found in the Milky Way's disc, doubling known sources at these energies. The discovery includes two 'dark accelerators' without obvious counterparts in other wavelength bands, sparking excitement among astronomers.
A new study by University at Buffalo researchers found that panoramic X-rays have limited value and can be used selectively in some cases. The study, which evaluated 1,000 panoramic X-rays, revealed that lesions in sinus cavities, soft tissue of the neck, and upper jaw bone were not always picked up on full-mouth-series X-rays.
Astronomers using the European Space Agency's XMM-Newton telescope discovered that Jupiter's x-ray glow is due to x-rays from the Sun being reflected back off the planet's atmosphere. The discovery synchronises Jupiter's day-to-day disk x-rays with the Sun's emissions, providing new insights into solar activity.
Scientists have detected over 50 gamma-ray flashes per day, with energies comparable to those emitted by black holes and neutron stars. The exact mechanism behind these bursts remains uncertain, but researchers suspect it involves lightning discharges and electric fields in the upper atmosphere.
Austrian-German collaboration creates laser-like X-rays with a compact laboratory apparatus, breaking the nanometer barrier. The technology has the potential to improve X-ray imaging in biology and medicine, enabling early-stage cancer diagnosis at reduced risk and higher resolution.
The CRaTER instrument will measure high-energy charged particles in deep space to develop equipment and materials for human safety in the lunar environment. Scientists at Boston University are leading the development of the instrument with NASA funding.
A NYU physicist has isolated the first source of ultra-high energy cosmic particles using a new analysis technique. The discovery provides a breakthrough for cosmic ray astronomy, allowing researchers to study material particles from the distant universe in greater detail.
A study found that dental x-rays were as sensitive as questionnaires in identifying women with spinal osteoporosis. Dental x-rays can be used as a first step in determining which women need further BMD testing, especially for those with low response rates to questionnaires.
Researchers at Rice University developed a new wave guide technology that enables terahertz sensing capabilities in confined spaces. This innovation could aid applications such as explosive detection, cancer screening, and quality control, offering unique advantages over existing technologies.
Astronomers study remnant of 1,000-year-old supernova to solve long-standing puzzle of cosmic ray origin. They create gamma-ray image using Cherenkov radiation, providing first unequivocal proof that supernovae produce galactic cosmic rays.
Astronomers have detected high-energy gamma rays emanating from the center of the Milky Way galaxy, sparking debate about the nature of these mysterious emissions. The observation suggests a giant supernova explosion as the possible source, which could accelerate cosmic gamma rays to unprecedented energies.
Researchers found plankton produce compound DMSP when stressed by UV radiation, leading to cloud formation and reduced direct light on the ocean surface. The study suggests plankton may impact global temperatures, with potential benefits in slowing climate change.
An international team of scientists has successfully observed elusive neutrino oscillation using the Super-Kamiokande detector. The findings confirm that neutrinos have mass and change state from one type to another, providing evidence for neutrino mixing.
A study of 273 family physicians and obstetricians found that many doctors overestimated the risk of major fetal malformations from X-rays and CT scans. Most diagnostic imaging exams result in less than 50 mGy of radiation exposure to the fetus, dispelling a misconception that can lead to unnecessary anxiety and terminations.
A population-based case control study found a significant association between exposure to diagnostic radiography during routine dental care and low birth weights in full-term babies. The study suggests that radiation may affect neurohormonal mechanisms in the head and neck region, leading to potential health effects on pregnancies.
Research found that women who received dental x-rays during pregnancy had a higher risk of having low birth weight infants, especially term low birth weight (TLBW) infants. The study suggested that eliminating all dental radiography during pregnancy could reduce the prevalence of TLBW infants by up to five percent.
A team of researchers classifies the Park Forest meteorite as an L5 chondrite, a type of stony meteorite. The meteorite showed signs of being highly shocked due to its origin from a large asteroid collision.
Researchers use X-ray detectors and rocket-triggered lightning to study lightning's complexities. They found that lightning flickers in X-rays at 10,000 times the speed of visible light, with X-ray energies extending up to twice those of a chest X-ray.
A study by University of Alberta researchers found that 22 patients had vertebral fractures, with 45% going undiagnosed. Vertebral fractures often indicate osteoporosis, a common disease in the elderly that can be easily treated with drugs.
A team of astronomers has discovered 13 distant quasars, providing valuable insights into the early universe. The most ancient quasars are thought to have formed right along with supermassive black holes, suggesting a rapid transition from the cosmic dark ages to the cosmic renaissance.
A UK study estimates that diagnostic X-rays contribute to around 700 cancer cases annually in the UK, with similar but higher risks observed in other developed countries. The researchers emphasize the importance of avoiding unnecessary X-ray procedures and weighing benefits against risks for patients.
Astronomers have discovered two unique rings of dust illuminated by the afterglow of a gamma-ray burst in our galaxy. The rings, caused by dust scattering X-rays from the burst, reveal new insights into the distribution and behavior of dust in the Galaxy.
Scientists disagree with Nir Shaviv and Jan Veizer's claim that cosmic rays influence global warming. The current warming is mainly caused by human emissions of carbon dioxide, according to 11 experts in the field.
A team of LSU researchers is contributing to the largest-ever cosmic-ray experiment, analyzing data from a $100 million facility in Argentina. The project aims to understand the origin and properties of high-energy cosmic rays, which have puzzled scientists for years.
A new neutron detector is being developed to monitor spacecraft radiation, with a goal of creating a lightweight and portable device that can detect high-energy neutrons. The detector will provide crucial data for exploration missions outside Earth's orbit, where astronauts are exposed to increased radiation levels.
Researchers suggest celestial processes dominate climate change, with cosmic rays influencing low-level cloud formation and blocking sun warming. Human-caused greenhouse gas emissions are secondary to natural forces.
A team led by Dr. Loretta Dunne has discovered a thousand times more cosmic dust than previously detected in the remnant of a supernova explosion in our own Galaxy. This finding solves the riddle of how large quantities of dust were formed in the early universe and provides evidence for supernovae as efficient dust factories.
Researchers from Cardiff University and the Royal Observatory Edinburgh found that some supernovae belch out huge quantities of cosmic dust. This discovery suggests that supernovae were responsible for producing the first solid particles in the Universe, shedding light on the origin of our planet.
Researchers at the University of Toronto have devised a new architecture for manufacturing photonic band gap materials, increasing available bandwidth for optical microchips. The technique uses x-rays to create a precise template, allowing for high-quality silicon photonic band gap materials.
A team of astronomers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison developed a new optical technique that enables gamma-ray telescopes to quickly identify TeV blazars, reducing identification time from three months to just one day. This breakthrough may provide insight into black hole physics and the origin of cosmic rays.
A study conducted at Lausanne University Hospital found that MDCT accurately depicted more spine fractures than conventional x-rays, with a sensitivity rate of nearly three times higher. This innovation could save time, money, and radiation exposure for patients admitted to emergency departments for severe trauma.
Researchers have created a new x-ray technique called DEI that enables the visualization of soft tissues such as skin, cartilage, and blood vessels. This technique has potential applications in diagnosis and could enhance mammography and the detection of other soft tissue pathologies.
A study of 53 patients with persistent symptoms after laparoscopic fundoplication found that barium studies were effective in detecting complications, including unwrapping and hernias. The findings suggest that barium studies should be the first step in diagnosing complications from reflux disease surgery.
Scientists estimate a significant increase in low-energy cosmic ray flux, leading to enhanced heating and ionization in diffuse interstellar gas clouds. This finding implies the production of more complex molecules than previously thought, with potential implications for the origin of life.
Researchers at Sandia National Labs successfully achieved symmetrical implosions and significant neutron production using intense x-rays to squeeze millimeter-scale fuel capsules, a crucial step towards nuclear fusion energy. The experiments demonstrate the potential for scaling up fusion reactions.
A new study suggests that dust in the Kuiper Belt produces anomalous cosmic rays, which have been puzzling scientists. The research provides a possible explanation for the origin of these high-energy particles and offers insights into the composition and interactions of the solar system.
The projects will investigate low dose radiation effects on human cells, DNA repair, and respiratory cells. Funding is provided by the DOE Office of Science's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and NASA's Space Radiation Health Program.
The National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST) is a randomized, controlled study aiming to determine the effectiveness of spiral CT scans versus chest X-rays in reducing deaths from lung cancer. Participants will receive annual screenings for three years and their health will be monitored until 2009.
The National Lung Screening Trial will enroll 50,000 current or former smokers in the US to compare the effectiveness of CT scans and chest X-rays in detecting lung cancer. The trial aims to determine if early detection can lead to a reduction in lung cancer deaths.
Researchers at the University of Durham are using the H.E.S.S. telescope array to investigate extreme cosmic environments and detect gamma-ray sources, including supernova remnants and active galactic nuclei. The project seeks to shed light on the origin of cosmic rays, which bombard Earth from space.
The COSMIC satellite network will collect a global, 3-D data set, improving analyses of both weather and climate change. The satellites will probe the atmosphere using radio occultation to track temperature in the upper atmosphere and measure high-altitude electron density.
A new study suggests that cosmic rays could be the cause of global warming, proposing a height-dependent effect on cloudiness. The research proposes that increased cosmic ray intensity during periods of decreased solar wind may contribute to global cooling by stimulating the formation of dense clouds.
Self-tanners contain dihydroxyacetone (DHA), which interacts with skin proteins to create a brown glow. Newer sunscreens offer greater protection against both UVA and UVB radiation, including those developed by Craig Bonda, who found that adding DEHN to avobenzone extends its effectiveness.
Researchers at Northwestern University have created a novel device that detects ultraviolet light 10 times more efficiently than the Hubble Space Telescope. The innovative detector uses gallium nitride material to block visible and infrared light, allowing astronomers to study important objects in the universe for the first time.
A new MIT model proposes that cosmic explosions may be triggered by a cosmic tango between a black hole and its companion, a spinning torus of stellar material. The model suggests that the energy released during this dance could explain recent observations of gamma-ray bursts.
Lawrence Livermore physicist Bruce Remington explores using lab astrophysics to recreate supernovae explosions, understand cosmic rays, and study black holes. Lab experiments also aim to probe planet interiors and gamma-ray bursts.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have developed a new terahertz imaging technique that allows for faster and more detailed imaging of biological tissue. The technique uses single pulses of terahertz radiation to produce high-resolution images with the potential to automate diagnostic analysis.
Researchers have found evidence of turbulence and thick gas in the Magellanic Stream, a vast river of hydrogen flowing into the Milky Way galaxy. This discovery could provide new insights into cosmic cloud and star formation processes, as well as the billion-year evolution of galaxies.
Researchers propose a new mechanism to explain the X-ray galactic ridge's origin, involving low-energy cosmic rays interacting with neutral molecular clouds. The study suggests that this process can produce the observed X-ray emission without requiring dramatic events or unusual astrophysical processes.
Rice University researchers have developed a new technique to calculate the distance of gamma-ray bursts, enabling scientists to learn more about the early universe's formation and evolution. The method uses changes in color to determine the cooling rate of high-energy pulses in these cosmic events.
Researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory presented preliminary findings associating unique gas flows with rapidly rotating black holes. The study aims to explain unusual periodic timing properties in X-rays emitted near suspected black holes.
The TIGER experiment is making a groundbreaking second loop around the South Pole to study the origin of cosmic rays. By examining abundance ratios of neighboring elements, scientists aim to determine whether atoms were accelerated individually or as dust grains, and gain insights into supernovas.
Arjun Heimsath, a Dartmouth College researcher, measures dynamic land movement by calculating erosion rates in different parts of the world. Using cosmic isotopes extracted from rock and sediment samples, he determines how long material has been there and how fast it's eroding or breaking down.
Neutrinos may fly out first in powerful gamma-ray bursts, carrying details of the universe's first stars. Scientists believe neutrino bursts can help detect massive star collapses and dark gamma-ray dark collapses.
A team of researchers from the University of Michigan has created an ultrafast X-ray switch, enabling them to study the movement of constituent atoms and obtain information about molecular dynamics. The technology could be used to probe complex systems like proteins and study shock waves in materials.
The FEL center is exploring applications in laser surgery, producing monochromatic X-rays for sharper images, and characterizing proteins through heat-induced release from gels. Researchers have successfully performed human surgeries using the FEL beam.
Physicists at Texas A&M University and the University of Texas at Austin are working on more accurate PET scanners, improving detection of tumors and other abnormalities in human organs. The new design enhances image quality and sharpness by detecting gamma rays' radial positions.