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Duke University


Robotic motion planning in real-time

A new computer processor designed specifically for robotic motion planning can plan movements up to 10,000 times faster than existing approaches while using significantly less power. This breakthrough technology has the potential to revolutionize robotics and automation in manufacturing environments.

Protein structure paves the way for new broad spectrum antifungals

A team of Duke researchers has solved the structure of an enzyme required to synthesize trehalose, a chemical cousin to table sugar that pathogenic fungi need to survive in human hosts. The research paves the way for designing new antifungal drugs against three deadly fungi: Cryptococcus, Candida, and Aspergillus.

SourceDuke University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJun 14, 2016

Coal ash ponds found to leak toxic materials

A Duke University study found coal ash ponds in five Southeastern US states consistently contaminate nearby surface waters and groundwater with toxic heavy metals. The study also suggests that removing the ponds may not be enough to address ongoing subsurface contamination.

SourceDuke University·JournalEnvironmental Science & Technology·DateJun 10, 2016

A window to the gut's brain

Duke University researchers have created a system that allows real-time observation of the enteric nervous system, which controls digestion and communicates with the immune system. This innovation enables the exploration of the gut's neural activity in response to medications, diseases, and other stimuli.

SourceDuke University·JournalNature Communications·DateJun 7, 2016

Pot-smokers harm gums; other physical effects slight

A long-term study found that cannabis users had more gum disease, while tobacco smokers showed worse lung function and metabolic health. However, the researchers noted that heavy recreational cannabis use has some adverse consequences, but does not appear to cause significant damage to physical health.

SourceDuke University·JournalJAMA Psychiatry·DateJun 1, 2016

Appalachian coal ash richest in rare earth elements

A study by researchers at Duke University found that coal from the Appalachian Mountains contains the highest amounts of rare earth elements. The team identified ash from this region as a potential source for extracting these critical materials, which are essential for clean energy and emerging technologies.

SourceDuke University·JournalEnvironmental Science & Technology·DateMay 27, 2016

Moving beyond race-based drugs

A new approach to health care could involve tailoring treatments to individual genetic makeup, lifestyle and environment. This precision medicine method aims to replace the use of race in treatment decisions and reduce disparities in health outcomes.

SourceDuke University·JournalNew England Journal of Medicine·DateMay 26, 2016

Poverty marks a gene, predicting depression

A study by Duke University scientists reveals a biological pathway for depression in adolescents from socioeconomically disadvantaged families. The research shows that these individuals accumulate epigenetic tags on a gene linked to depression, leading to increased amygdala activity and higher risk of depression symptoms.

SourceDuke University·JournalMolecular Psychiatry·DateMay 24, 2016

What can help dropouts?

Researchers found that treatment can reduce negative life outcomes for dropouts, such as getting arrested and needing government assistance. The study also identified factors that increase the risk of dropping out, including rejection by classmates in elementary school and becoming a parent at a young age.

SourceDuke University·JournalJournal of Adolescent Health·DateMay 19, 2016

Slips of the lip stay all in the family

A new study from Duke University reveals that misnaming follows predictable patterns, with people often using relationship categories and phonetic similarities to mix up names. The study found that family members frequently call other family members by the name of the family dog, suggesting a special bond between humans and canines.

SourceDuke University·JournalMemory & Cognition·DateMay 16, 2016

How urban living affects children's mental health

A new study from Duke University and King's College London found that urban children are at a higher risk of experiencing psychotic symptoms due to low social cohesion and high crime rates. The study, which followed 2,232 British twins, found that 7.4% of urban children had experienced at least one psychotic symptom by age 12 compared ...

SourceDuke University·JournalSchizophrenia Bulletin·DateMay 11, 2016

Radioactive isotopes reveal age of oil and gas wastewater spills

A trio of new age-dating methods developed at Duke University can determine the age of oil and gas wastewater spills and identify their origins based on radium isotope variations. The methods verify that radium's decay products, including thorium and lead isotopes, can be used to detect the age and source of spills.

SourceDuke University·JournalEnvironmental Science & Technology Letters·DateMay 10, 2016

Polarization may cause climate communication to backfire

A Duke University study finds that framing climate change as a win-win issue can exacerbate opposition and trigger a significant negative effect among polarized audiences. Messages that conflict with audience's partisan identity fail to sway skeptics and instead make them more opposed to governmental action on the issue.

SourceDuke University·JournalEnvironmental Politics·DateApr 27, 2016

Contamination in North Dakota linked to fracking spills

A Duke University study found high levels of contaminants in brine-laden wastewater from fracking spills, exceeding federal drinking water guidelines. Soil samples contained higher levels of radioactivity downstream from spill sites, suggesting radium builds up in the environment.

SourceDuke University·JournalEnvironmental Science & Technology·DateApr 27, 2016

Temporal cues help keep human looking human

Researchers at Duke University discovered a genetic circuit in bacteria that creates spatial patterns with proportional scaling, similar to those seen in animals. This finding suggests that timing cues may play a key role in pattern formation and development in other organisms.

SourceDuke University·JournalCell·DateApr 21, 2016

Coding and computers help spot methane, explosives

Researchers at Duke University have developed a new technology using coded apertures to improve the performance of mass spectrometers, enabling portable devices to detect environmental hazards in the field. The innovation could lead to miniaturized mass spectrometers for detecting trace amounts of methane and explosives.

SourceDuke University·JournalJournal of Mass Spectrometry·DateApr 14, 2016

Juvenile offenders probably more criminal to begin with

A new study by Duke University researchers found that adult-onset offenders have a history of anti-social behavior from childhood and are more likely to struggle with mental health issues. The study, which tracked nearly 1,000 New Zealanders, suggests that the court system may not be addressing the root causes of crime in adults.

SourceDuke University·JournalJournal of Criminal Justice·DateApr 14, 2016

Why bearcats smell like buttered popcorn

A new study finds that binturongs release a popcorn-like aroma from their urine, containing the compound 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, to mark territories and attract mates. Researchers analyzed urine samples from 33 binturongs and identified 29 chemical compounds, with 2-AP being present in every sample.

Oxygen key to containing coal ash contamination

Researchers from Duke University demonstrate that oxygen levels in coal ash disposal sites greatly impact the leaching of toxic selenium and arsenic. The study suggests that ignoring oxygen conditions when closing ash ponds may not be a solution to the problem, and highlights the importance of considering this factor for safe disposal.

SourceDuke University·JournalApplied Geochemistry·DateApr 12, 2016

Mapping software tracks threats to endangered species

A new Duke University-led study uses mapping software to track threats to endangered species, pinpointing areas for conservation. The San Martin titi monkey's habitat has been fragmented due to farming, logging, and urbanization, with nearly 95% of remaining habitats too small or poorly connected to support viable populations.

SourceDuke University·JournalEnvironmental Conservation·DateApr 12, 2016

Antibiotics don't promote swapping of resistance genes

Researchers at Duke University found that antibiotics do not promote the spread of bacterial antibiotic resistance through genetic swapping, contrary to previous assumptions. The study's results suggest that differential birth and death rates, rather than DNA donation, are to blame for the spread of resistance.

SourceDuke University·JournalNature Microbiology·DateApr 11, 2016

New class of molecular 'lightbulbs' illuminate MRI

Duke University researchers have discovered a new class of molecular tags that can enhance MRI signals by 10,000-fold, generating detectable signals that last over an hour. This breakthrough paves the way for widespread use of magnetic resonance imaging to monitor metabolic processes in real-time.

SourceDuke University·JournalScience Advances·DateMar 25, 2016

Technicolor zebrafish reveal how skin heals

Scientists have developed a system to track individual cells in regenerating skin tissue using color-coding, enabling the study of cellular responses to injury and tissue regeneration. The Skinbow system uses technicolor zebrafish with permanent barcodes on their cells, allowing researchers to monitor cell movements and changes over time.

SourceDuke University·JournalDevelopmental Cell·DateMar 21, 2016

Skin has the nerve to tell you to scratch

Researchers at Duke University have identified a potential drug target in the skin for treating short-term itch. By targeting a specific ion channel protein called TRPV4, scientists hope to develop topical treatments that can suppress itch and inflammation.

SourceDuke University·JournalJournal of Biological Chemistry·DateMar 10, 2016

Blame your noisy brain for misses and fumbles

A new study by neuroscientists at Duke University found that even practiced movements are imperfect due to brain noise, which can affect our responding movements. The research team discovered a correlation between the activity of individual neurons and the size of eye movement delays.

SourceDuke University·JournalNeuron·DateMar 10, 2016

Songbirds pinpoint effects of Huntington's disease

Researchers have pinpointed the effects of Huntington's disease on a specific brain area responsible for complex movements, such as talking or playing music. The study suggests that reintroducing normal patterns of activity in this area may be sufficient to restore normal behavior, offering potential therapeutic targets.

SourceDuke University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateMar 7, 2016

Brain tune-up may aid self-motivation

Researchers at Duke University have developed a new brain imaging strategy that allows people to control their motivational centers, leading to healthier and more productive lives. By using neurofeedback, participants were able to learn which strategies worked and adopt more effective ones.

SourceDuke University·JournalNeuron·DateMar 3, 2016

New maps reduce threats to whales, dolphins

Scientists have created detailed maps charting seasonal movements and population densities of 35 species of whales, dolphins, and porpoises in the U.S. East Coast and Gulf of Mexico. The maps provide insights into habitats, tracking regional differences in population densities and large seasonal shifts in migratory baleen whales.

SourceDuke University·JournalScientific Reports·DateMar 3, 2016

Celestial bodies born like cracking paint

A Duke University theorist proposes that the universe's varied body sizes are a result of internal tension release through hierarchical formation. This concept is rooted in Bejan's constructal law, which states that flowing systems will tend towards easier architecture by releasing tension through smaller, more numerous bodies.

SourceDuke University·JournalJournal of Applied Physics·DateMar 1, 2016

Survey: Americans would pay more to support biodiversity

A national survey found that most Americans are willing to pay more taxes to support biodiversity conservation in the Gulf of Mexico. The survey showed that people value preserving biodiversity for future generations and are willing to pay between $35 to $107 more annually for the expansion of the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sa...

SourceDuke University·JournalMarine Resource Economics·DateFeb 29, 2016

Engineered swarmbots rely on peers for survival

Duke University researchers have engineered microbes that can't run away from home; those that do will quickly die without protective proteins produced by their peers. The system could be used to reliably program colonies of bacteria to respond to changes in their surrounding environment, such as releasing specific molecules on cue.

SourceDuke University·JournalMolecular Systems Biology·DateFeb 29, 2016

Exposure to air pollution increases the risk of obesity

A rat study published in the Journal of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology found that exposure to Beijing's polluted air increases weight and metabolic dysfunctions. The study also showed that pregnant rats exposed to polluted air had higher levels of insulin resistance, a precursor to Type 2 diabetes.

SourceDuke University·JournalThe FASEB Journal·DateFeb 19, 2016

Rapidly building arteries that produce biochemical signals

Researchers have created artificial arteries containing both endothelial and media layers, demonstrating normal communication and function. The new technique allows for miniaturized arteries to test drugs for efficacy and side effects, potentially enabling quicker experimentation and more accurate testing.

SourceDuke University·JournalScientific Reports·DateFeb 18, 2016

Rolling stones, turbulence connect evolution to physics

Research at Duke University reveals that larger rolling stones and turbulent eddies exhibit the same life span, travel distance, and number of revolutions as smaller counterparts. The findings demonstrate the constructal law's applicability to non-biological systems, challenging traditional views on evolution.

SourceDuke University·JournalScientific Reports·DateFeb 17, 2016