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Duke University


New international standards needed to manage ocean noise

Experts call for new international standards and mitigation strategies to minimize the impact of seismic surveys on vulnerable marine life. The proposed measures aim to reduce risks from sound pollution, protect important habitats, and promote coordinated planning across industries and nations.

SourceDuke University·JournalFrontiers in Ecology and the Environment·DateSep 1, 2015

Self-control saps memory, study says

A new study by Duke University researchers suggests that self-control can weaken memory. The study found that when participants had to cancel an intended action, their ability to remember specific details was impaired. This finding may have implications for understanding attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and addiction.

Cell phones help track of flu on campus

Researchers developed a model that predicts personalized daily forecasts for each student, enabling early identification of at-risk individuals and encouraging them to stay home. The study used wearable devices and smartphone apps to collect data on students' interactions and health habits.

Setting ground rules for nanotechnology research

New studies establish a framework for nanoinformatics by standardizing the way nanotechnology data are curated. This will enable future studies to combine multiple datasets to explore complex questions. The research also proposes a new, standardized way of studying the properties of nanomaterials using functional assays.

SourceDuke University·JournalThe Science of The Total Environment·DateAug 18, 2015

Dancing droplets launch themselves from thin fibers

The 'dancing droplets' phenomenon allows small droplets to launch themselves from moderately hydrophobic surfaces, enabling efficient removal of accumulated droplets in fibrous webs. This technology has potential applications in water purification and oil refining by reducing clogging and improving efficiency.

SourceDuke University·JournalPhysical Review Letters·DateAug 17, 2015

Helping Siri hear through a cocktail party

A new sensor developed at Duke University uses metamaterials and compressive sensing to separate overlapping sounds in loud environments. The device achieved a 96.7% accuracy rate in distinguishing between three identical sounds sent from different directions.

SourceDuke University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateAug 13, 2015

Molecular tinkering doubles cancer drug's efficacy

Researchers at Duke University have successfully packaged a widely used cancer drug into nanoparticles, more than doubling its effectiveness in mice. The new approach delivers the drug directly to tumors while reducing side effects and improving targeting, showing transformative results for patients.

SourceDuke University·JournalNature Communications·DateAug 4, 2015

Starvation effects handed down for generations

A study on nematode worms found that starvation early in life can affect growth, reproduction and stress resistance in subsequent generations. The worms that survived famine became smaller, less fertile, but their offspring were more resistant to starvation and had improved stress tolerance.

SourceDuke University·JournalGenetics·DateJul 31, 2015

Plant light sensors came from ancient algae

A new study from Duke University found that plant light-sensing molecules were inherited from ancient algae, contradicting the prevailing idea of bacterial origins. The researchers analyzed 300 DNA and RNA sequences from phytochrome proteins in a wide range of algae and land plants.

SourceDuke University·JournalNature Communications·DateJul 28, 2015

Superfast fluorescence sets new speed record

Researchers at Duke University have developed a superfast fluorescence device that can emit light over 90 billion gigahertz, breaking the current speed record. This breakthrough technology has the potential to revolutionize optical computing and communication.

SourceDuke University·JournalNature Communications·DateJul 27, 2015

Gut worms protect babies' brains from inflammation

Researchers at Duke University discovered that tapeworms in babies' guts can shield their brains from long-term learning and memory problems caused by newborn infections. Expectant mothers who had tapeworms passed on protection to their worm-free offspring, suggesting the benefits began early in life.

Stem cells provide lasting pain relief in mice

Researchers at Duke University have discovered that stem cells from bone marrow can alleviate neuropathic pain in mice by increasing levels of the anti-inflammatory protein TGF-β1. The treatment remained effective for several weeks, outlasting traditional painkillers and offering new hope for chronic pain conditions.

SourceDuke University·JournalJournal of Clinical Investigation·DateJul 13, 2015

Gene fuels age-related obesity and diabetes

A gene mutation called ankyrin-B has been found to cause cells to absorb glucose faster, leading to fat storage and type 2 diabetes. The mutations are common among certain populations, including African Americans and Caucasians, and may provide a genetic link to modern diet-related diseases.

SourceDuke University·JournalJournal of Clinical Investigation·DateJul 13, 2015

Researchers learn to measure aging process in young adults

A team from Duke University has developed a new method to measure the aging process in young adults, finding that signs of aging can appear as early as age 26. The study used 18 biological measures to determine an individual's pace of aging, with some participants aging at rates of three years per year.

SourceDuke University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJul 6, 2015

Old World monkey had tiny, complex brain

Researchers have visualized the oldest known Old World monkey skull, revealing a tiny but remarkably wrinkled brain. The ancient creature's brain supports the idea that brain complexity can evolve before brain size in primates, contradicting conventional wisdom.

SourceDuke University·JournalNature Communications·DateJul 3, 2015

Brain activity predicts promiscuity and problem drinking

A new study suggests that brain activity can predict how likely young adults are to develop problem drinking or engage in risky sexual behavior. The research found that imbalance in the function of typically complementary brain areas, such as the ventral striatum and amygdala, is associated with increased risk.

SourceDuke University·JournalMolecular Psychiatry·DateJul 1, 2015

Study hints at why parrots are great vocal imitators

A study led by Duke University researchers found that parrots have distinct brain regions, called 'shells,' that are involved in vocal learning and may contribute to their ability to imitate human speech. The study also suggests that the shells may be responsible for the species' exceptional vocal mimicry abilities.

SourceDuke University·JournalPLOS ONE·DateJun 24, 2015

Dual internal clocks keep plant defenses on schedule

A Duke University study shows that two biological clocks work together to help plants deal with fungal infections, while maintaining an already-packed daily schedule of activities. The researchers identified a gene called NPR1 that links the two clocks, allowing them to work together and optimize plant defenses.

SourceDuke University·JournalNature·DateJun 22, 2015

Island rodents take on nightmarish proportions

Researchers analyzed size data for over 1,000 rodent populations to identify those that evolved into unusually large or small sizes. The study found that islands are home to more extreme cases of size variation, with rodents on islands weighing among the top or bottom 2.5 percent for their species.

Conservation policies could improve human health

A study published in PNAS found that strictly protected areas, like parks and reserves, have lower incidences of malaria, acute respiratory infections, and diarrhea. By preserving biodiversity, these areas can act as a barrier to disease transmission, suggesting a potential double win for public health benefits.

SourceDuke University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJun 15, 2015

The shape of a perfect fire

A study by Adrian Bejan at Duke University reveals that the ideal fire shape is roughly as tall as it is wide, facilitating efficient air and heat flow. This design enables humans to migrate and spread across the globe, a direct prediction of the Constructal Law.

SourceDuke University·JournalScientific Reports·DateJun 8, 2015

How dividing cells end up the same size

Researchers at Duke University found that the initial size of cells determines how much they grow before dividing into two, contrary to previous findings. This discovery was made possible by analyzing oscillations in cell growth and gene expression using a unique device that allows for single-cell analysis.

SourceDuke University·JournalNature·DateJun 4, 2015

Lowly 'new girl' chimps form stronger female bonds

A new study of social relationships in wild apes reveals that low-ranking female chimpanzees form stronger bonds with other females of similar status. The researchers analyzed daily records for 53 adult females over 38 years and found that these low-ranking pairs were more likely to seek each other out than those from higher social ranks.

SourceDuke University·JournalAnimal Behaviour·DateMay 21, 2015

Male hormones help lemur females rule

Researchers found that female lemurs have higher testosterone levels in some species, leading to dominant behavior and challenging traditional gender roles. This discovery suggests that hormones play a role in female dominance in these animals.

SourceDuke University·JournalScientific Reports·DateMay 12, 2015

Scientists reconcile three unrelated theories of schizophrenia

Researchers have reconciled three unrelated hypotheses about schizophrenia's causes by studying mice with a genetic deletion. The findings suggest that faulty neural connections, excess dopamine, and brain pruning are linked to the disease. The study aims to develop treatment strategies targeting these underlying causes.

SourceDuke University·JournalNature Neuroscience·DateMay 4, 2015

Consumption rises with automated bill payment

A study by Duke University found that residential and commercial customers using automatic bill payments consumed 4-6% and 8% more power, respectively. This increase in demand may offset savings from energy demand-reduction programs. To combat this issue, utilities are exploring strategies to boost price salience.

SourceDuke University·JournalThe Review of Economics and Statistics·DateApr 29, 2015

Orphaned boys as vulnerable to abuse as girls

A new study by Duke University finds that orphaned boys experience similar rates of physical and sexual abuse as girls in low- and middle-income countries. The research suggests investing in support services for both genders to prevent long-term trauma and abuse, ultimately benefiting girls' safety.

SourceDuke University·JournalCambridge Prisms Global Mental Health·DateApr 24, 2015

Finding new life for first-line antibiotics

Researchers have identified a single, simple metric to guide antibiotic dosing that could bring first-line antibiotics back into the fight against drug-resistant pathogens. A computer simulation revealed that a regimen based on a pathogen's recovery time could eliminate an otherwise resistant strain of bacteria.

SourceDuke University·JournalPLOS Computational Biology·DateApr 23, 2015

Big butts aren't everything to male baboons

A study of wild baboons in southern Kenya reveals that the size of a female's swollen rump doesn't matter as much as previously thought. Females with bigger backsides don't necessarily make better mothers, and males actually prefer females with more postpartum cycles over larger derriers.

SourceDuke University·JournalAnimal Behaviour·DateApr 20, 2015

New potential cause for Alzheimer's: Arginine deprivation

A new Duke University study in mice found that immune cells consuming an important amino acid called arginine may contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease. Blocking this process with a small-molecule drug prevented characteristic brain plaques and memory loss in mouse models, suggesting a potential new treatment strategy.