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University of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences


Fine-tuning 3D lab-grown mini tumors to help predict how patients respond to cancer therapies

Researchers at UCLA have developed a new method to bioprint miniature tumor organoids that can mimic the function and architecture of real tumors. This allows for the accurate measurement of individual organoids, enabling the identification of personalized treatments for people with rare or hard-to-treat cancers.

UCLA Health Tip Sheet: Test results impact lung cancer screening adherence; Axillary ultrasound may be unnecessary in diagnostic screening for breast cancer; Using AI to checking endotracheal tube placement

Researchers at UCLA Health highlight the impact of test results on lung cancer screening adherence and the potential unnecessary use of axillary ultrasound in breast cancer diagnostics. Meanwhile, a new AI system helps check endotracheal tube placement with high accuracy and user satisfaction.

SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences·JournalJAMA Network Open·TypeObservational study·DateJun 1, 2023

UCLA-led research suggests no difference in health outcomes, care costs for patients treated by traditional MDs or osteopaths

A recent study published in Annals of Internal Medicine found that elderly hospitalized patients treated by physicians with MD or DO degrees had virtually identical mortality rates, readmissions, length of stay, and healthcare spending. The results suggest high-quality care regardless of the physician's educational background.

SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences·JournalAnnals of Internal Medicine·TypeObservational study·DateMay 29, 2023

A commonly used tool is suboptimal in predicting osteoporosis fracture risk in younger post-menopausal women

A study of nearly 67,200 postmenopausal women found that the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) was inadequate for identifying osteoporotic fracture risk across racial/ethnic categories. However, the Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool (OST) was excellent for detecting osteoporosis within each category.

SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences·JournalJAMA Internal Medicine·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateMay 22, 2023

ASCO: Targeted therapy for early breast cancer, progress treating recurrent glioma, PSMA PET scan advances and more

Researchers from the UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center are presenting findings on combination therapies for breast cancer and a potential new treatment for patients with recurrent glioma. A phase 3 study evaluating vorasidenib versus placebo in patients with residual or recurrent grade 2 glioma with an IDH1/2 mutation is also be...

UCLA study shows accuracy of genetically based disease predictions varies from individual-to-individual

A new UCLA study found that the accuracy of genetically-based disease predictions using polygenic scores (PGSs) varies significantly between individuals, even within traditionally considered homogeneous populations. PGS performance declines as genetic distance increases, and individual ancestry plays a crucial role in determining accur...

SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences·JournalNature·TypeExperimental study·DateMay 18, 2023

Researchers identify potential new strategy to prevent side effects from immunotherapy

Researchers at UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center have found a potential therapeutic target, IL-21, to reduce endocrine autoimmune side effects from checkpoint immunotherapy. A specific group of immune cells play a central role in this autoimmune attack and blocking IL-21 prevents thyroid autoimmunity.

SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences·JournalScience Translational Medicine·DateMay 17, 2023

Researchers identify 10 pesticides toxic to neurons involved in Parkinson’s

Researchers at UCLA and Harvard have identified 10 pesticides toxic to dopaminergic neurons, which play a key role in voluntary movement. The study used California's pesticide use database and found that co-exposure of certain pesticides increased toxicity, with combinations involving herbicides like trifluralin producing the most harm.

Next-generation statistical simulator gives medical and biological researchers a benchmarking tool capable of closely mimicking single-cell and spatial genomics data

A new computer-modeling system, scDesign3, has been developed to generate realistic synthetic data for analyzing genetic makeup of cells. The system can help researchers evaluate and validate computational methods for tasks such as gene expression analysis and cell trajectory modeling.

SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences·JournalNature Biotechnology·TypeExperimental study·DateMay 11, 2023

Researchers develop model for how the brain acquires essential omega-3 fatty acids

Researchers have developed a zebrafish model to understand lipid transport across the blood-brain barrier, crucial for healthy nervous system development. The study provides key insights into how omega-3 fatty acids, particularly DHA, are transported into the brain and may enable targeted drug delivery.

SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences·JournalNature Communications·TypeExperimental study·DateMay 8, 2023

A sharp increase in the price of the gout drug colchicine led to lower use and poorer disease control, UCLA research suggests

A sharp increase in colchicine's price led to a 17% drop in its use and worsened disease control in gout patients. Patients turned to alternative medications with potentially different side effects, resulting in increased emergency department visits and specialist consultations.

SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences·JournalJAMA Internal Medicine·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateMay 8, 2023

Scientists identify antivirals that could combat emerging infectious diseases

Scientists have discovered potential broad-spectrum antivirals that target multiple families of RNA viruses, which pose a significant threat to future pandemics. The new agents showed promise in preventing and mitigating viral arthritis caused by Chikungunya virus and rescuing cells from harmful effects of other viruses.

SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences·JournalCell Reports Medicine·TypeExperimental study·DateApr 28, 2023

In a ‘rapid autopsy’ study, UCLA researchers identify lethal molecular alterations after present-day therapies fail patients with metastatic melanoma

Researchers analyzed genetic changes in organs of recently deceased patients with metastatic cutaneous melanoma to understand how the disease spreads and evolves. They found that cancer cells take advantage of specific organ environments, pointing to the need for distinct treatment approaches.

SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences·JournalNature Medicine·TypeExperimental study·DateApr 27, 2023

Machine-learning technique identifies people who would benefit most from treatment to reduce future cardiovascular disease risk

Researchers used a novel machine-learning technique called causal forest, which found that treating individuals with high estimated benefits provided better population health outcomes than the traditional high-risk approach. This approach targets those with high blood pressure and could lead to more effective treatment strategies.

SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences·JournalInternational Journal of Epidemiology·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateApr 14, 2023

Prior treatments influence immunotherapy response in advanced melanoma

A study published in Cancer Cell found that prior treatments, such as CTLA-4 blockade, modify the response to anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade therapy. The research analyzed data from over 500 patients and identified key factors associated with treatment response. This finding may help scientists create more precise future treatments.

SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences·JournalCancer Cell·TypeExperimental study·DateApr 10, 2023

Men and women have different obesity drivers, pointing to the need for tailored interventions

A new UCLA study identifies sex-specific brain signatures associated with obesity in men and women, revealing differences in brain networks related to early life adversity, mental health, and sensory stimulation. The findings suggest the need for tailored interventions based on an individual's sex.

SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences·JournalBrain Communications·TypeExperimental study·DateApr 6, 2023

Early study shows cones in retinal degeneration, thought to be dormant, may retain visual function

Researchers discovered that 'dormant' cone photoreceptors in retinal degeneration continue to produce responses to light and drive retinal activity for vision. The study found that while cones have reduced sensitivity, ganglion cells retain their ability to respond to visual stimuli with similar spatial and temporal sensitivity.

A readily available dietary supplement may reverse organ damage caused by HIV and antiretroviral therapy

A recent study found that the mitochondrial antioxidant MitoQ can reverse the detrimental effects of HIV and antiretroviral therapy on organs such as the brain, heart, and liver. The researchers used humanized mice infected with HIV and treated them with MitoQ for three months.

SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences·JournalThe Journal of Infectious Diseases·TypeRandomized controlled/clinical trial·DateMar 24, 2023

UCLA-led study uses base editing to correct mutation that causes rare immune deficiency

Researchers at UCLA successfully used base editing to correct a mutation causing rare immune deficiency CD3 delta SCID. The treatment corrected an average of 71% of patient stem cells and allowed them to produce fully functional T cells, suggesting long-term persistence of corrected blood stem cells.

SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences·JournalCell·TypeExperimental study·DateMar 20, 2023

An extra X chromosome-linked gene may explain decreased viral infection severity in females

A study published in Nature Immunology found that female mouse and human NK cells have more of a specific epigenetic regulator called UTX, which boosts anti-viral function while repressing NK cell numbers. This suggests that therapies need to be tailored to individual differences, including sex.

SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences·JournalNature Immunology·TypeExperimental study·DateMar 16, 2023

New details on how immune cells ‘see’ and respond to mutations in cancer cells may lead to more targeted and effective immunotherapy

A new study has identified the steps by which immune cells recognize and respond to cancer cell mutations, providing insights into why some treatments work for certain patients but not others. Researchers believe their findings will lead to better, more personalized immunotherapies for patients whose immune systems currently do not app...

SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences·JournalNature·TypeExperimental study·DateMar 8, 2023

Older Black men are likelier to die after surgery than others, particularly following elective procedures, new UCLA research suggests

Researchers found that Black men have a higher mortality rate after surgery compared to other groups, with a 50% higher risk of death after elective procedures. The study suggests that structural racism, poor pre-operative care, and exposure to toxins may contribute to these disparities.

SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences·JournalThe BMJ·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateMar 1, 2023

Immunotherapy before surgery significantly improves outcomes of patients with melanoma

Researchers found that adding immunotherapy before surgical removal of stage III-IV melanoma significantly improved event-free survival compared to standard-of-care treatment. The study showed that neoadjuvant therapy is superior to the same therapy given in the adjuvant setting.

SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences·JournalNew England Journal of Medicine·TypeRandomized controlled/clinical trial·DateMar 1, 2023

Breast cancer risk models may incorrectly classify many women

A recent study found that breast cancer risk models can lead to vastly different recommendations for individual women, depending on the model used and threshold applied. The study highlighted the importance of considering both sensitivity and inaccurate classification when using these models.

SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences·JournalJournal of General Internal Medicine·TypeObservational study·DateFeb 14, 2023

Tobacco and e-cigs may put healthy young people at risk of severe COVID illness, new UCLA research suggests

New UCLA research finds that tobacco smoking and vaping can predispose healthy young people to increased inflammation and severe COVID-19. The study, published in Journal of Molecular Medicine, found higher levels of key proteins in plasma from smokers and vapers compared to non-smokers.

SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences·JournalJournal of Molecular Medicine·TypeExperimental study·DateFeb 9, 2023

Financial coaching for parents in clinic leads to higher attendance at well-child health care visits for their young children

A new study found that financial coaching for parents of infants in a pediatric primary care setting reduced missed well-child care visit rates by half and improved vaccination receipt. The intervention, which connected parents to public benefits and cost-saving services, also increased monthly household income.

UCLA researchers identify possible approach to prevent cancer from evolving to resist treatment

A new study by UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center identifies the DNA roots of resistance to targeted cancer therapy. The researchers found that a protein called DNA-PK plays a crucial role in the process of chromothripsis, which can lead to gene amplification and therapy resistance.

SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences·JournalCancer Discovery·TypeExperimental study·DateJan 26, 2023

A 4-drug chemotherapy regimen improves survival in stage 4 pancreas cancer

A Phase 3 clinical trial has shown that a four-drug chemotherapy regimen significantly increases overall survival and progression-free survival in patients with stage 4 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The study's results suggest that this more aggressive treatment approach may be considered for eligible patients.

SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences·TypeRandomized controlled/clinical trial·DateJan 20, 2023

Commonly used antiretroviral drugs used to treat HIV and hepatitis B reduce immune cells’ energy production

Research reveals that commonly used antiretroviral drugs TAF and TDF directly impact mitochondria's energy production in immune cells. The study suggests a larger energy reduction when combined with other antiretrovirals, sparking concerns about potential long-term effects on human cells.

SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences·JournalMetabolism·TypeExperimental study·DateJan 18, 2023

MRI-guided radiotherapy produces fewer side effects and better quality of life for patients with localized prostate cancer

A new study found that MRI-guided radiotherapy is more effective than CT-guided therapy in reducing side effects and improving quality of life for patients with localized prostate cancer. The trial involved 154 patients, who experienced fewer toxicities and better outcomes when treated with MRI guidance.

SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences·JournalJAMA Oncology·TypeRandomized controlled/clinical trial·DateJan 12, 2023

UCLA Health tip sheet: Masks prevent more than COVID; Obesity and stroke; Reducing low value treatments in Alzheimer’s Disease

Researchers at UCLA Health have found that masks can prevent not only COVID-19 but also whooping cough, while obesity is linked to an increased risk of stroke and cognitive impairment. The institute has also designed a clinical trial to reduce the use of low-value treatments for Alzheimer's disease.

SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences·JournalAmerican Journal of Infection Control·TypeObservational study·DateDec 21, 2022

The AVID college prep program leads to lower substance use, better health behaviors among high school students, UCLA-led research suggests

The AVID college preparatory program has been shown to have a positive effect on students' social networks, psycho-social outcomes, and health behaviors. Students who participated in the program had lower odds of using substances and associating with substance-using peers compared to those in usual school programs.

SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences·JournalPEDIATRICS·TypeRandomized controlled/clinical trial·DateDec 16, 2022

Updated findings on a new approach to ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer

The phase 1 and phase 2 studies showed that ARV-471 was well-tolerated and could promote substantial estrogen receptor degradation in patients with advanced disease. The study has led to a randomized phase 3 trial comparing ARV-471 with a SERD in patients with ER-positive/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer.

SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences·TypeRandomized controlled/clinical trial·DateDec 7, 2022