Articles tagged with Randomization
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A randomized trial found that exercise counseling prescriptions for walking can improve cardiorespiratory fitness and reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors. The study showed significant increases in maximum oxygen consumption and HDL-C levels in participants who received higher-intensity exercise prescriptions.
A review of 143 clinical trials that were stopped early due to benefits found many were industry-funded drug trials with high-impact journals. The proportion of such trials increased over time, often with implausibly large treatment effects, suggesting skepticism from physicians.
A randomized controlled trial found that ginseng reduced the frequency and severity of colds in study subjects. Ginseng was also effective in lessening symptom severity and duration. In contrast, Echinacea angustifolia was not found to be a preventive herbal product for the common cold.
Patients taking ASA plus dipyridamole had increased rates of myocardial infarction, but the addition of dipyridamole is rarely justified for stroke prevention. ASA remains the gold standard treatment for preventing stroke in high-risk patients.
The SAPPHIRE and US carotid feasibility trials demonstrated the durability of carotid stenting, showing low incidence of stroke and comparable target lesion revascularization (TLR) rates between CAS and CEA. Emboli protection with ANGIOGUARD also showed effectiveness in preventing major strokes during carotid stenting.
The STEEPLE study examines the safety and efficacy of enoxaparin in percutaneous coronary intervention patients, comparing it to UFH regimens. The results confirm earlier findings that enoxaparin is simple and effective, with minimal bleeding risk, and suggest its use as a standard treatment option.
The study reported a 10.6% rate of stent-related MACE for the control Tecnic group, while the Janus group had a 6.4% rate, with a significant reduction in TLR, and no stent thrombosis occurred
A new study published in the JAMA Network found that clopidogrel pretreatment significantly reduced the odds of cardiovascular death, heart attack, or stroke following PCI by 46% compared to treatment at the time of PCI. Pretreatment also resulted in a 41% reduction in cardiovascular death from randomization through 30 days.
A study found that hospital report cards using linked administrative databases did not improve acute myocardial infarction (AMI) care quality. The lack of effectiveness may be due to skepticism about the data or the need for more intensive interventions.
A large randomized clinical trial found that vitamin E supplementation did not reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events or cancer in healthy women. The study followed 39,876 women aged at least 45 years for an average of 10.1 years and found a 24% reduction in cardiovascular death, but no significant effect on other outcomes.
Researchers found that cobblestone walking improved balance, mobility, and reduced blood pressure in older adults. The activity, rooted in traditional Chinese medicine, has been shown to be therapeutic and can be done at home with manufactured mats.
A randomized controlled trial found that liposomal lidocaine significantly improved cannulation success rates and reduced pain and procedure time in children. The study suggests that liposomal lidocaine can be recommended for cutaneous analgesia in children, providing a promising new approach to pediatric procedural care.
A new dosing approach for growth hormone based on serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) shows improved height increases in children with growth hormone deficiency or short stature. The study found that increasing IGF-I levels resulted in significant gains in height, particularly in those receiving higher doses.
NexMed's Femprox treatment showed demonstrable improvement in sexual arousal, with statistically significant gains reported at the end of both evaluation periods. The study involved 372 patients and found positive patient satisfaction, with side effects being mostly mild and reversible.
A meta-analysis of eight studies suggests that moderate dietary vitamin E intake reduces the risk of developing Parkinson's disease. However, no protective effects were found for vitamin C or beta-carotene.
A randomized controlled trial of 302 patients with migraines found that acupuncture and sham acupuncture resulted in similar reductions in headache frequency. While acupuncture was associated with a reduction in migraine headaches compared to no treatment, the effects were comparable to those observed with sham acupuncture.
A randomized trial found that a brief psychological intervention for violent offenders had no impact on reducing alcohol consumption or re-offending rates. However, the intervention did increase participants' awareness of and motivation to address their alcohol-related issues.
A randomized controlled trial found that amoxicillin was more effective than placebo in treating middle ear infections in children, but showed no significant difference in adverse events or recurrence rates. The study suggests that antibiotics may be a useful treatment option for this common childhood illness.
Research found that estrogen therapy significantly increases the risk of gallbladder disease and surgery in postmenopausal women, with CEE showing a 67% increased risk. The study also revealed higher risks for cholecystitis and cholelithiasis among estrogen users.
A randomized trial found that physicians who received periodic letters recommending evidence-based drug therapy were more likely to prescribe those drugs. The study, which involved 499 physicians in British Columbia, showed a 30% increase in prescribing of recommended drugs over the preceding 3 months.
A randomized trial of adult stem cell injections in heart failure patients showed significant improvement in cardiac function. The study found that patients who received stem cells had improved ejection fractions and increased Connexin 43 protein levels, indicating better communication between cells.
A study of premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding found that hysterectomy improved health-related quality of life within six months compared to expanded medical treatment. Another study in Finland compared the LNG-IUS to hysterectomy for menorrhagia, finding similar outcomes and lower costs for the intrauterine system.
A study found that early treatment with thrombolytics can significantly improve stroke recovery rates, with patients treated within 90 minutes of symptom onset showing the most improvement. The study also suggests that t-PA given up to 4 hours after symptoms may be beneficial, but the effect diminishes later.
A study of 332 randomized trials found industry-funded trials more likely to yield statistically significant pro-industry findings. Pharmaceutical companies prioritize trials with higher potential for positive results. This bias affects not only medical treatments but also new surgical interventions.
A study found that half of parents did not understand randomization, with minority and less-educated parents being more likely to be confused. However, the presence of a nurse and longer conference duration were associated with improved understanding.
A randomized controlled trial suggests that modest exercise, such as 30 minutes of daily walking, can not only prevent weight gain but also lead to additional loss of weight and fat. The study found a dose-response effect between the amount of exercise and decreases in measurements of central obesity and total body fat mass.
The study found that adding rituximab to the CHOP regimen as a first-line treatment did not significantly impact overall response rates or early disease progression. Maintenance rituximab showed promise in prolonging time-to-treatment failure, but had no effect on overall survival.
A randomized controlled trial found no evidence that Echinacea purpurea is effective in reducing the duration or severity of upper respiratory tract infections (URIs) in children aged 2-11 years. The study also noted a higher risk of rashes in children treated with echinacea.
A recent meta-analysis has found that vitamin E and beta carotene supplements do not reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease or death. The analysis analyzed data from seven trials involving over 1000 participants, concluding that these supplements may even increase mortality rates.
A new study found that beta-carotene supplementation increased colorectal adenoma recurrence risk among smokers and heavy drinkers. Randomized trials showed a significant decrease in adenoma recurrence risk without smoking or drinking, but paradoxical results when exposed to these lifestyle factors.
A new trial found that routine electronic fetal monitoring, known as admission cardiotocography, has no impact on infant death or moderate to severe illness rates. The practice may also increase the risk of unnecessary interventions during childbirth.
A focused microwave heat therapy technique shows promise in killing tumor cells before surgery and radiation, with a majority of patients experiencing significant tumor kill. The technology was invented by MIT researchers and is being developed into a clinical thermotherapy system by Celsion Corporation.
A randomized multicenter trial of 840 patients with severe heart attacks found no difference in mortality between pre-hospital fibrinolysis and emergency angioplasty. Despite this, experts advocate for early intervention with antiplatelet therapy and primary PTCA, regardless of hospital proximity.
A recent study of over 1,350 men found no correlation between a low-fat, high-fiber diet and reduced PSA levels over a four-year period. The study suggests that a healthy dietary pattern may still have an inhibitory effect on prostate cancer incidence despite the lack of impact on PSA levels.
A randomized controlled trial found that early laser treatment of uncomplicated childhood haemangiomas offered no significant benefits in terms of clearance or cosmetic concerns. However, treated lesions were at a higher risk of skin atrophy and hypopigmentation compared to untreated children.
Researchers found no difference in cosmetic appearance between sutured and non-sutured hand cuts after three months. Patients treated conservatively reported less pain and shorter treatment times compared to those who received sutures.
The USPSTF recommends screening all adults for depression, as five percent to nine percent of adult patients in primary care settings suffer from the condition. Depression can be treated with counseling, medications, or both, reducing health care utilization and costs associated with lost workdays.
A large randomized controlled study of e-mail communication between physicians and patients found that messages from patients were appropriate and needed by doctors. Patients sent an average of 49 messages per 100 scheduled visits, but the sharp increase didn't lead to a corresponding drop in calls or no-shows.
Chronic heart failure affects 5 million US people, with poor hospital outcomes and high readmission rates. Researchers conducted large placebo-controlled trials to develop treatment guidelines for this condition.
A study found that two forms of bias in cause-of-death classification affect the results of randomized trials on cancer screening. Sticky-diagnosis bias biases against screening, while slippery-linkage bias biases in favor of screening. The authors suggest using all-cause mortality to accurately assess the value of screening.
The ACCESS study confirms that Atacand improves outcomes for patients with acute ischaemic stroke and high blood pressure. Early treatment with Atacand reduces the risk of total mortality, cerebral complications, and cardiovascular complications by 47.5 percent.
A recent randomized controlled trial suggests that preventing falls among elderly people remains a challenging task. Despite improvements in adherence to interventions, injuries and subsequent harm persist. Researchers emphasize the need for continued research and practice to address this critical public health issue.
A review of patients treated with NIPPV found mortality rates were 28.6% higher in the clinical setting compared to randomized trials. The authors recommend developing practice guidelines to optimize NIPPV use. Dr. Sheldon Magder comments on the limitations of relying heavily on randomized trial findings in clinical settings.
A randomized clinical trial showed that combining bone marrow transplant and high-dose chemoradiotherapy significantly improves disease-free survival in children with neuroblastoma. The addition of vitamin A-derivative treatment further increases survival rates by nearly three-fold.