Research on making sense of scientific and medical data. Covers AI error-correction, single-cell search engines, optical computing, and measurement reliability.
Researchers at Queen's University Belfast are developing cutting-edge millimetre-wave radar systems with machine learning capabilities to enhance security scanners' effectiveness. The technology hopes to process images in under a tenth of a second, reducing false alarms and queues.
A recent study by Harvard's Growth Lab analyzed administrative data on Sweden's 9 million inhabitants, finding that workers with complementary coworkers earn high wages and returns on education, comparable to having a college degree. The research offers a tool to assess the right and wrong coworkers in fields of expertise.
A landmark study published in Social Science & Medicine found that over 95% of women who had an abortion said it was the right decision for them five years later. The study also showed that negative emotions such as sadness and guilt decreased dramatically over time, while relief remained a dominant emotion.
Researchers at Duke University developed a new method to identify objects using microwaves that improves accuracy while reducing computing time and power requirements. The system uses machine-learning approach to jointly determine optimal hardware settings, cutting out the need for image analysis by humans.
A study found that Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) decreased coverage disruptions among low-income adults. The researchers estimated that half a million fewer adults experienced churning annually, leading to improved access to care and reduced emergency department visits.
A study analyzing data from 2005 to 2018 found that targeted seasonal and spatial closures can lead to successful population recovery of Nassau grouper in the Cayman Islands. By the end of 2018, both populations had tripled in size, highlighting the effectiveness of adaptive conservation actions.
Scientists successfully simulated the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) data at a scale of the massive future telescope using the Summit supercomputer and Adaptable IO System (ADIOS). The simulation generated 2.6 petabytes of data, highlighting ADIOS's efficiency in processing large datasets.
Research found that even low levels of urban skyglow can suppress melatonin production in humans and vertebrates. The sensitivity threshold for humans is 6 lux, while fish and rodents require much lower levels. Artificial light at night can disrupt nocturnal melatonin production.
The Ruhr-University Bochum team used a combination of data analytics and physical models to predict material properties, winning second place in an international machine learning competition. Their algorithm was published in NPJ Computational Materials and has been shown to be transferable to different material classes.
Women who worked consistently during their prime midlife years had better physical health than non-working women later in life, according to a new study published in Demography. The research also found that working women were less depressed and lived longer, with a lower risk of death by 2012.
The International Stevia Council's 2019 Online Conversation & Trends Analysis reveals stevia as the most discussed low-calorie sweetener, with doubled mentions in both English- and Spanish-speaking countries. Positive sentiment around stevia remains high, increasing by 5% in English-speaking countries.
A study analyzing official safety incidents in England and Wales found that nearly half of reported cases resulted in child harm. The most common problems were faulty equipment, inadequate staff training, and communication issues.
A study published in the Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology found that individual psychological ownership boosts personal engagement and creativity, but decreases collective effort. Conversely, collective ownership enhances team engagement, but not necessarily individual performance.
A multinational study of 4,277 pupils from 151 schools found that smaller class sizes were only associated with improved non-cognitive skills in Lithuania. In Romania, however, smaller classes led to greater academic achievement and enjoyment of learning mathematics and science. The study's results suggest that reducing class size does...
The study identified two fundamental patterns of knowledge exchange: theory-method and technical interdisciplinary collaborations. The researchers developed recommendations for effective working in interdisciplinary teams, including agreeing on goals, communication rules, and research tools, to save time and money.
Researchers found that pre-operative depression and anxiety can lead to poorer outcomes after hip surgery, including increased pain and slower recoveries. The study proposes screening for mental health issues before hip surgery to improve treatment outcomes.
A new Hyb-Seq probe set has been validated for its effectiveness in reconstructing relationships among species within the diverse Asteraceae family. The study's findings highlight the importance of carefully selecting genes to sequence and optimizing data analysis pipelines to improve phylogenetic outcomes.
Over 40 years of data show that migratory birds have been getting smaller as the climate warms. The birds' body masses, leg bone lengths, and overall body sizes all decreased, while their wingspans increased, likely linked to rising temperatures.
A growing segment of Americans travels farther to worship, but frequent attendance makes them more committed to their neighborhood. Researchers found that attending services less frequently due to distance does not necessarily lead to a stronger sense of community.
Researchers found that harbor porpoise calves carry a more neurotoxic mixture of PCBs than their mothers, who detoxify themselves by transferring the chemicals through lactation. The study highlights the need to monitor individual chemical composition to better understand the risk posed by these chemicals.
A new program, CRUP, simplifies analysis of enhancer regions and their target genes in the genome. The tool identifies active enhancers and links them to their respective genes, helping researchers understand complex diseases.
Researchers analyzed data from the Murchison Widefield Array radio telescope to set a new limit for the strength of neutral hydrogen's ultra-faint signature. The analysis may reveal critical information about the first stars and galaxies in the universe.
Scientists outline 10 simple rules to ensure responsible use of computational modelling in behavioural sciences, avoiding common pitfalls and misinterpretations. The guidelines cover designing effective experiments, generating and validating models, and reporting on analyses.
A global health viewpoint emphasizes the need for accurate data to measure progress toward the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The lack of data in low- and middle-income countries, combined with inconsistent international standards, is hindering efforts to track progress.
A simple computational model explains why different four-legged animals adopt similar gaits, revealing that walking at slow speeds and running or trotting at intermediate speeds are globally optimal strategies. The results support the idea that mammals utilize movement strategies that optimize energy use when they move.
Astronomers used TESS data to study two red-giant stars, one of which has a planet that shouldn't have survived its host star's expansion. The team found the planet's orbit may have been disrupted by the star's tidal forces, leading to an interesting case of planetary evolution.
A new study by the University of Manchester reveals a strong link between borderline personality disorder (BPD) and childhood trauma. The research analyzed data from over 5,000 people across 42 international studies, finding that 71.1% of those with BPD reported at least one traumatic childhood experience.
Researchers analyzed data on oil and gas well leakage in British Columbia, finding that 10.8% of wells showed reported leakage, with most incidents involving gas venting. Unremediated surface gas leakage from abandoned wells is estimated to produce significant GHG emissions, equivalent to nearly 75,000 metric tonnes of CO2 per year.
Exercise referral schemes have been shown to improve physical activity levels among individuals with long-term conditions. However, the analysis of data from 23,731 participants found that while significant improvements were observed in most measures, they did not reach clinical thresholds for meaningful impact.
Researchers analyzed European football league matches to find that 'lucky' goals often led to increased playing time and ratings for players. The study highlights the importance of taking process and effort into account when evaluating performance to avoid bias and ensure fair rewards.
The proportion of adults who tried to lose weight increased from 1999 to 2016. Despite this surge, observational study findings suggest the results may not be reliable due to limitations in self-reported data. Commonly reported weight-loss strategies included eating less food, exercising, and drinking more water.
Etalumis, a probabilistic programming framework, has been developed to control existing simulators and run on large-scale HPC platforms. It enables researchers to interpret vast volumes of experimental data by essentially 'reversing' simulations, bringing new insights into complex physics problems.
A study from Purdue University found that some breeds of dogs have hidden coat colors and other traits due to genetic variations. The researchers analyzed data from 212 dog breeds and discovered that up to 48 breeds possess the tailless gene variant, often at low frequencies.
A study analyzing data from over 10,000 cadets found that noncognitive attributes like grit were better predictors of graduation than cognitive ability. Cognitive ability was strongly linked to academic and military grades, while physical ability predicted physical grades.
A study published in PLOS Genetics found that heavy smoking causes faces to look older due to accelerated facial aging. Researchers also identified a higher risk of poor lung function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among smokers.
A new study found that people's moral foundations are better predicted by their political attitudes than vice versa. The researchers tracked participants' moral values and political leanings over time, revealing that those with stable political beliefs were more likely to have consistent moral foundations.
A recent study by Inserm US14 found that more than 300 million people worldwide are currently living with a rare disease, which represents around 4% of the world's population. The study analyzed data from the Orphanet database and estimated that this number could be higher due to many cases being unrecorded in healthcare systems.
Researchers have characterized slow-slip events more precisely than previously possible, finding they obey the same scaling laws as regular earthquakes. This discovery opens the door for geoscientists to study these frequent and nondestructive events to better understand earthquake mechanics.
A Danish study of over 300,000 children born between 1980-2000 found that higher parental income during childhood was linked to a lower risk of developing schizophrenia later in life. The study analyzed data on family income until age 15 and its association with the development of psychotic disorders.
A recent study analyzing data from over 12,500 black adults in the US found that nearly 32.5% of cardiovascular disease cases are attributed to hypertension. Maintaining normal blood pressure may help reduce CVD among black adults, according to the research.
Researchers used AI techniques to analyze patterns in fish schools, discovering a solution that balances simplicity and accuracy. The model, inspired by 'attention networks', can predict the behavior of individual fish with 90% accuracy, offering new insights into collective behaviors.
A study by University of Waterloo researchers found that Canadians who consider religion important tend to vote for conservative parties, with a strong link between religiosity and voting behavior. The study also notes a decline in the proportion of people considering religion important, reflecting broader societal shifts.
A study analyzing research article data from 1950 to 2018 found that the average distance between articles on citation networks decreased over time, while ties between articles from different fields increased. Citation networks depend on high-impact articles, suggesting increased interconnectivity among scientific disciplines.
Researchers at Princeton University explore adversarial tactics applied to artificial intelligence, which can trick systems into causing gridlock or revealing sensitive information. Machine learning systems are vulnerable to data poisoning and evasion attacks, which can compromise their performance and safety.
A new study published in Management Science found that online retailers' delivery strategies can significantly impact customer loyalty and sales. Popular products, especially those with high prices and limited discounts, suffer the most without a reliable delivery service.
In Penn Medicine's New Jersey practices, an electronic 'nudge' served as an effective tool to influence prescribing behavior and lower quantities of prescribed opioids. The study found no evidence that pain control worsened despite the decreased prescriptions.
Computational analysis identifies gaps in mosquito species distribution models, highlighting the need for improved data and models to advance disease understanding. Key regions with high uncertainty were found, particularly in borderland habitats and areas like Florida's panhandle.
A new analysis reveals that people prioritize attention based on learned associations with danger, influencing how they perceive and learn from stimuli. The study suggests that attention affects how individuals process information about threats.
A team of Penn State students developed a multi-pronged data analysis approach to improve IoT device security. They applied statistical data, machine learning, and other methods to identify potential security breaches and develop predictive patterns to anticipate attacks.
The artificial skin developed by Prof. Gordon Cheng and his team enables robots to perceive their surroundings in greater detail and with more sensitivity, making them safer when operating near people. The system combines hexagonal cells with microprocessors and sensors to detect contact, acceleration, proximity, and temperature.
A new study from the University of Notre Dame found that coastal homeowners' attitudes towards climate change have little to no impact on their actions to protect their homes. Despite high confidence in climate change, many homeowners fail to take steps to mitigate vulnerabilities due to limited communication and awareness.
Researchers found that dockless bike-share programs outperformed Pronto due to their high density and accessibility. The study suggests service providers should deploy large-scale systems with plenty of bikes or stations to achieve highest ridership.
Heriberto Pérez's research developed deterioration models using International Roughness Index (IRI) and Coefficient of Transverse Friction (skid resistance), enabling predictions on road conditions after vehicle use. The models provide a strategic approach to optimize repair costs and improve pavement durability.
The Bacterial and Viral Bioinformatics Resource Center combines two independent resources to support richer scientific data and more powerful analytic tools. The hub will provide rapid access to genomic datasets, computational tools, and artificial intelligence techniques to analyze data and make predictions.
New research suggests that many ICU admissions can be prevented with timely outpatient care for chronic conditions like high blood pressure or uncontrolled diabetes. Investing in preventive services could be a complementary strategy to increasing critical care workforce as the US population ages.
A study of over 89,000 scientific papers reveals that plant partners do not accelerate the rise of new ant species but rather may hinder it. The researchers suggest that ants' fates become linked to their plant partners' fate in mutually beneficial relationships.
New research highlights how caregivers can better manage family conflict as they deal with the approaching death of a loved one. Autonomy is a central tension in caregiving at the end of life, and strategies like communication, formal support, and emotional self-care can be used to address conflicts.
A study of 3,275 surgeons found female surgeons earned less per hour and were less likely to perform lucrative procedures. The study also identified significant earnings differences between specialties, with women earning up to $60/hour less than men in cardiothoracic surgery.
A study by David Jancsics found that younger agents are more prone to drug trafficking and veteran officers are more likely to engage in human smuggling. The analysis of 160 cases revealed alarming trends, with 71% of cases originating from the southern border.
A study found that increasing vegetarian meal options led to a significant increase in sales, with diners who previously avoided vegetarian meals purchasing more after increased availability. The results suggest that expanding vegetarian options can reduce meat consumption and promote healthier eating habits.