Articles tagged with Vaccination
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The introduction of Gardasil in the USA is proving problematic due to social and cultural resistance. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has donated $27.7 million to PATH to research introducing the vaccine in developing countries, where Merck and GSK can assist by identifying cultural barriers.
University of Rochester experts discuss how flu invades and responds to the body, with a focus on understanding its pathogenesis. The research aims to prevent potential modification of the flu virus for lethal use and develop more effective treatments.
Researchers have identified a protein peptide that regulates the immune system and prevents autoimmune disease in Type 1 diabetes. The peptide, p277, stimulates regulatory T cells to produce anti-inflammatory substances, weakening the immune response.
A new vaccine called NicVax is being tested to prevent and treat nicotine addiction, with the goal of helping smokers quit. The vaccine works by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies that recognize nicotine molecules, preventing them from entering the brain.
Dental caries is a widespread and increasing problem globally, with 5 billion people affected. Forsyth researchers aim to develop a vaccine targeting bacterial accumulation on teeth, with initial focus on mucosal vaccines for young children.
A study conducted by Yale University researchers found that Iraqi nurses require improved working conditions, equipment, and financial support to ensure the success of the healthcare system. The nurses also emphasized the importance of respect from physicians, administrators, and society at large.
Researchers found that a vaccine combined with short-term antibiotic treatment can protect nonhuman primates from inhalational anthrax. The study suggests that this combination may be crucial for successful defense against large-scale anthrax attacks, minimizing the risk of adverse events and improving public health management.
A combination of interventions could be highly effective at reducing transmission in a flu pandemic, potentially saving many lives. School closure combined with antiviral drugs can halve the number of people getting ill.
A new experimental vaccine has been shown to protect nonhuman primates against Marburg virus infection, even when administered after exposure. The study found that all treated monkeys survived for at least 80 days, while controls succumbed to the disease within 12 days.
Researchers have developed a vaccine that prevents haemorrhagic fever developing in monkeys infected with the deadly Marburg virus. The vaccine was found to be highly effective as a post-exposure treatment, with all treated monkeys surviving for at least 80 days.
Negative publicity in 1998 led to a sharp increase in MMR vaccine uptake among nursery school children, with the sharpest decline occurring for those born from 1999 onwards. The most affluent sectors tended to vaccinate early or not at all, while parents in deprived areas delayed vaccination.
Researchers found that blood tests T-SPOT.TB and QuantiFERON-TB Gold show good diagnostic agreement with the skin test, but have higher specificity. This suggests they could increase diagnostic sensitivity in testing for latent TB infection. However, results differ between blood tests, especially in immunosuppressed patients and young ...
Researchers propose a $500 million upfront investment to secure a 12-month vaccine supply, protecting 11,000 daily births from potential shortages. The CDC's six-month plan is deemed unclear given the actual production interruption timelines.
A new analysis reveals that combination vaccines significantly increased on-time immunization rates in infants. The study found that the combination group had a 42.7% on-time rate for the HEDIS Combo 2 series, compared to 34.9% in the component group.
The BCG vaccine is highly cost-effective in preventing severe childhood tuberculosis, with an estimated cost of US$200 per year of healthy life gained. The largest impact was found in southeast Asia, Africa, and the western Pacific region, where TB infection rates and BCG coverage are highest.
A vaccine against cervical cancer has shown sustained high levels of antibodies for up to 4.5 years, providing substantial long-term protection against cancerous cell changes associated with high-risk HPV types. The vaccine was also found to be effective against persistent and new infections, setting the stage for its widescale adoption.
A new approach to controlling swine disease, known as acclimatization, was tested on a farm in Illinois. The study found that pigs exposed to the farm's wild-type virus developed immunity but suffered reproductive issues, casting doubt on its effectiveness.
The HPV vaccine has the potential to prevent cervical cancer, but understanding its context is vital. Vaccination should not be misconstrued as a green light for permissive behavior, but rather as a means of preventing infection in young women.
Researchers recommend vaccination campaigns, visa quotas, and rapid repatriation to minimize health hazards during the Hajj. International collaboration is crucial in managing the overwhelming task of Hajj management.
A new study reveals that people with eczema may benefit from smallpox vaccination due to their immune system's overproduction of inflammation-promoting molecules. The research suggests that developing drugs or creams to mimic the action of LL-37 or neutralizing IL-4 and IL-13 could be effective in boosting the immune response.
A survey of medical and non-medical experts predicts a high risk of avian flu pandemic, with only a 15% chance of the US having sufficient vaccines. The greatest hope for mitigation lies in heightened global surveillance, hand washing, mask wearing, and social distancing.
Researchers found that atopic dermatitis patients have lower levels of disease-fighting antimicrobial peptides, making them more susceptible to eczema vaccinatum. A potential therapy involving LL-37 and IL-13 neutralization could offer protection against this life-threatening side effect.
The study found that combination vaccine groups had significantly higher coverage rates for various vaccines, including DTaP, polio, and hepatitis B. Additionally, children in the combination cohort received their vaccinations on time more frequently than those in the component cohort.
A study of 372 children found that ibuprofen and acetaminophen were ineffective in preventing local reactions to the DTaP vaccine, which can cause swelling and discomfort. The researchers suggest alternative approaches, such as using a lower antigen content vaccine, may be more effective in reducing reaction rates.
A Phase 1 trial of an Ebola DNA vaccine demonstrated strong immune responses in all fully vaccinated volunteers. The vaccine, developed by Vical, was well-tolerated and showed effectiveness against Ebola-specific antibodies.
The new rotavirus vaccine RotaTeq has been added to the routine infant immunization schedule in the US, following its approval by the FDA. The vaccine is expected to prevent severe cases of rotavirus gastroenteritis and reduce hospitalizations.
A study found that only 11% of eligible foreign-born women in Miami received postpartum vaccinations, highlighting the need for increased vaccination efforts to prevent congenital rubella syndrome. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend vaccination for all women of childbearing age without evidence of rubella immunity.
The Bank of America Charitable Foundation grant enables the Mailman School of Public Health's Northern Manhattan Start Right Coalition to scale up its community-based childhood immunization program. The program has seen a significant improvement in immunization rates, with an 80.5% current rate for children aged 19-35 months, exceeding...
A Phase 2 clinical study revealed that BiovaxID, a personalized anti-cancer vaccine, induced anti-tumor T-cell responses in most patients despite B-cell depletion. The overall survival rate was 89%, showing the vaccine's potential to treat other types of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Three promising young science reporters from Latin America were selected by the program's recruitment committee to attend and report on the 2006 AAAS Annual Meeting. Lorena Guzmán from Chile, Roberta Jansen from Brazil, and Rosalía Servín Magaña from Mexico will receive full support to cover the conference.
U.S. researchers have developed a new vaccine candidate against hepatitis C using dendritic cells, which reduced the amount of carrier virus expressing HCV protein in mice by 100,000 times compared to controls. The study's findings offer a promising approach to prevent liver disease and eliminate the virus from the body.
A new plant-based system rapidly produces high levels of antigens that confer immunity against the plague. Guinea pigs vaccinated with the new antigen exhibited higher survival rates compared to traditional vaccines.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University have identified a molecular mechanism involved in making the rabies virus pathogenic and lethal. They have developed a very safe vaccine for the immunization of wildlife, showing efficacy in raccoon, skunk, and mongoose species, offering new hope for prevention of deadly disease.
A new oral vaccine, Rotateq, has been shown to virtually eliminate the most severe cases of rotavirus, a common childhood virus. The vaccine nearly eliminated serious rotavirus-related gastroenteritis and reduced hospital admissions by 96%.
Researchers have developed a new system of 'self-exploding' microcapsules that can release medication without external triggers. This technology has the potential to transform how vaccines are administered, allowing for more efficient and targeted treatments.
Researchers have developed a new approach that boosts the production of TAP, an immune system component, to make smaller vaccine doses more effective, reducing side effects and increasing immunization capacity. This technique has the potential to far-reaching benefits in the field of vaccines.
A new Israeli study found that vaccinating all children against hepatitis A at 18 and 24 months reduced overall incidence of the disease for all ages by 95%. The study also showed a significant decrease in reported incidents among one- to four-year-olds, a demographic historically susceptible to infection.
Research reveals that pertussis toxin is responsible for prolonging the infection period in immune and vaccinated hosts. The study found that antibodies produced by vaccines are effective only seven days after administration, allowing the bacteria to grow and spread before the body can mount an effective response.
A UCF-led study successfully grew a safe and effective anthrax vaccine in tobacco plants, producing potent doses without bacterial toxins. The breakthrough method could help alleviate supply shortages and make vaccines more accessible worldwide.
A study of 37,901 civilians who received smallpox vaccine between 2003 and 2004 found 822 reports of adverse events, with 100 serious cases reported. No preventable life-threatening adverse reactions were identified, highlighting the effectiveness of vaccination screening and education.
Researchers are developing new methods for immunization, including transdermal and nasal delivery, which could prevent needle-caused infections and reduce economic burdens. Interdisciplinary efforts are underway to make needle-free immunizations a common practice.
Dr Cleaveland's project seeks to eliminate rabies by targeting its primary source: dogs. The research also sheds light on the role of wildlife in transmitting diseases between species.
Researchers have discovered a novel bacterial protein azurin that can selectively target and kill cancer cells, while also using electric pulses to deliver a gene therapy that stimulates an immune system attack. Additionally, a small nanoparticle has been developed to reduce side effects of radiation and chemotherapy treatment.
Research from ECCO 13 emphasizes the importance of cervical cancer detection, treatment, and prevention. The study found that adequate radiotherapy significantly improves survival rates for women with cervical cancer, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where HIV co-infection does not impact survival. The data also highlights the need f...
A new vaccine-based approach has been shown to prolong disease progression in patients with renal cancer and malignant melanoma. The therapy, which uses latex or silica beads, was found to stabilise and control disease for an average of one year. In contrast, standard treatments have limited efficacy and are often toxic.
The GARDASIL vaccine has been shown to be highly effective in preventing high-grade pre-cancerous illnesses and non-invasive cervical cancers. In a larger population analysis, the vaccine prevented 99% of HPV 16 or 18-related high-grade cervical pre-cancers.
A new study found that measles immunization can prevent fatal brain infections caused by SSPE. The researchers discovered wild-type measles virus in brain tissues from vaccinated individuals with SSPE, suggesting that the vaccine is highly effective in preventing these infections.
The study found a 28% decline in invasive pneumococcal disease among adults aged 50 years and older, with significant reductions in cases caused by PCV-7 serotypes. The researchers estimate that 12,500 fewer cases and 1,100 fewer deaths occurred among older Americans between 2002 and 2003.
A recent study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that an estimated one in 300 adolescents and adults contracts pertussis each year. The study's results demonstrated that a new pertussis vaccine is over 90% effective in preventing the illness, making it a strongly encouraged booster shot for adults.
Researchers found that early vaccination with pneumococcus and T-cell vaccine can rebuild immunity in cancer patients after chemotherapy, with protection developing within a month. This study paves the way for personalized therapy using engineered T-cells to boost the immune system against tumors.
Toxoplasmosis, a parasite carried by domestic cats, is linked to mental health issues like schizophrenia and reduced average intelligence. Indoor cats and stopping stray feeding are recommended to prevent transmission.
Computer models aid understanding of antibody-dependent enhancement in the spread of dengue fever, finding that enhanced viruses can spread faster but face extinction due to over-exploitation. The research has implications for designing optimal dengue vaccination strategies.
A study of 1212 children and 446 Italian Air Force recruits found that infant and adolescent immune systems can recall responding to hepatitis B more than 10 years after immunisation. The findings suggest that routine booster doses may not be necessary for long-term protection, even in high-risk populations.
A single dose of live-attenuated SA 14-14-2 Japanese encephalitis vaccine is highly effective, providing 98.5% protection against the disease 12-15 months after immunization. This finding supports the integration of a single-dose vaccine into the WHO Expanded Programme on Immunisation schedule.
Researchers investigated risk factors for TB infection in 979 children from Istanbul, Turkey. They found that the absence of a BCG scar was a strong, independent risk factor for infection, while its presence reduced the risk by 24%. The study suggests that BCG vaccination also protects against TB infection, opening new avenues for deve...
VGTI researchers will investigate West Nile virus susceptibility in older adults, aiming to develop new treatments and a vaccine. The studies will focus on immune system responses and identify factors that increase susceptibility to the disease.
A phase III study found that GARDASIL vaccine prevented 100% of high-grade cervical pre-cancers and non-invasive cancer cases in women infected with HPV types 16 and 18. The vaccine reduced the risk of developing these cancers by 97%, significantly reducing cervical cancer-related deaths worldwide.
A survey of pediatricians found that 85% reported encountering a family refusal of at least one vaccine in the previous year. The most common reasons for dismissal were lack of shared goals and trust. Pediatricians may choose to end care for families who refuse vaccinations due to concerns about immunization safety.
Pediatricians report encountering vaccine refusal in 85% of cases, with the most common reasons being safety concerns, philosophical reasons, and religious beliefs. Some physicians may choose to dismiss families from their practice if parental vaccine refusal is not addressed.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic discovered that antiretroviral therapy (ART) can dramatically increase the production of disease-fighting T cells in non-HIV-infected individuals, including older adults. This finding has significant implications for developing new cancer vaccines and improving immune protection in vulnerable populations.