Research on vaccines and immunization. Covers COVID and flu vaccines, outbreak response, long-lasting antibodies, and vaccination in vulnerable groups.
Research reveals that pertussis toxin is responsible for prolonging the infection period in immune and vaccinated hosts. The study found that antibodies produced by vaccines are effective only seven days after administration, allowing the bacteria to grow and spread before the body can mount an effective response.
A study of 37,901 civilians who received smallpox vaccine between 2003 and 2004 found 822 reports of adverse events, with 100 serious cases reported. No preventable life-threatening adverse reactions were identified, highlighting the effectiveness of vaccination screening and education.
Researchers are developing new methods for immunization, including transdermal and nasal delivery, which could prevent needle-caused infections and reduce economic burdens. Interdisciplinary efforts are underway to make needle-free immunizations a common practice.
Dr Cleaveland's project seeks to eliminate rabies by targeting its primary source: dogs. The research also sheds light on the role of wildlife in transmitting diseases between species.
Researchers have discovered a novel bacterial protein azurin that can selectively target and kill cancer cells, while also using electric pulses to deliver a gene therapy that stimulates an immune system attack. Additionally, a small nanoparticle has been developed to reduce side effects of radiation and chemotherapy treatment.
A new vaccine-based approach has been shown to prolong disease progression in patients with renal cancer and malignant melanoma. The therapy, which uses latex or silica beads, was found to stabilise and control disease for an average of one year. In contrast, standard treatments have limited efficacy and are often toxic.
Research from ECCO 13 emphasizes the importance of cervical cancer detection, treatment, and prevention. The study found that adequate radiotherapy significantly improves survival rates for women with cervical cancer, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where HIV co-infection does not impact survival. The data also highlights the need f...
The GARDASIL vaccine has been shown to be highly effective in preventing high-grade pre-cancerous illnesses and non-invasive cervical cancers. In a larger population analysis, the vaccine prevented 99% of HPV 16 or 18-related high-grade cervical pre-cancers.
A new study found that measles immunization can prevent fatal brain infections caused by SSPE. The researchers discovered wild-type measles virus in brain tissues from vaccinated individuals with SSPE, suggesting that the vaccine is highly effective in preventing these infections.
The study found a 28% decline in invasive pneumococcal disease among adults aged 50 years and older, with significant reductions in cases caused by PCV-7 serotypes. The researchers estimate that 12,500 fewer cases and 1,100 fewer deaths occurred among older Americans between 2002 and 2003.
A recent study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that an estimated one in 300 adolescents and adults contracts pertussis each year. The study's results demonstrated that a new pertussis vaccine is over 90% effective in preventing the illness, making it a strongly encouraged booster shot for adults.
Researchers found that early vaccination with pneumococcus and T-cell vaccine can rebuild immunity in cancer patients after chemotherapy, with protection developing within a month. This study paves the way for personalized therapy using engineered T-cells to boost the immune system against tumors.
Toxoplasmosis, a parasite carried by domestic cats, is linked to mental health issues like schizophrenia and reduced average intelligence. Indoor cats and stopping stray feeding are recommended to prevent transmission.
Computer models aid understanding of antibody-dependent enhancement in the spread of dengue fever, finding that enhanced viruses can spread faster but face extinction due to over-exploitation. The research has implications for designing optimal dengue vaccination strategies.
A single dose of live-attenuated SA 14-14-2 Japanese encephalitis vaccine is highly effective, providing 98.5% protection against the disease 12-15 months after immunization. This finding supports the integration of a single-dose vaccine into the WHO Expanded Programme on Immunisation schedule.
A study of 1212 children and 446 Italian Air Force recruits found that infant and adolescent immune systems can recall responding to hepatitis B more than 10 years after immunisation. The findings suggest that routine booster doses may not be necessary for long-term protection, even in high-risk populations.
Researchers investigated risk factors for TB infection in 979 children from Istanbul, Turkey. They found that the absence of a BCG scar was a strong, independent risk factor for infection, while its presence reduced the risk by 24%. The study suggests that BCG vaccination also protects against TB infection, opening new avenues for deve...
VGTI researchers will investigate West Nile virus susceptibility in older adults, aiming to develop new treatments and a vaccine. The studies will focus on immune system responses and identify factors that increase susceptibility to the disease.
A phase III study found that GARDASIL vaccine prevented 100% of high-grade cervical pre-cancers and non-invasive cancer cases in women infected with HPV types 16 and 18. The vaccine reduced the risk of developing these cancers by 97%, significantly reducing cervical cancer-related deaths worldwide.
A survey of pediatricians found that 85% reported encountering a family refusal of at least one vaccine in the previous year. The most common reasons for dismissal were lack of shared goals and trust. Pediatricians may choose to end care for families who refuse vaccinations due to concerns about immunization safety.
Pediatricians report encountering vaccine refusal in 85% of cases, with the most common reasons being safety concerns, philosophical reasons, and religious beliefs. Some physicians may choose to dismiss families from their practice if parental vaccine refusal is not addressed.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic discovered that antiretroviral therapy (ART) can dramatically increase the production of disease-fighting T cells in non-HIV-infected individuals, including older adults. This finding has significant implications for developing new cancer vaccines and improving immune protection in vulnerable populations.
Researchers are studying a vaccine that may eliminate the risk of group B streptococcus infection in newborns, which is responsible for 1,720 annual infections and 70-90 deaths. The vaccine aims to reduce the risk by eliminating the bacteria from the vagina before birth.
Researchers have identified distinct patterns of responses in patient cells after vaccination against melanoma, which may help monitor treatment response. The study found that certain compounds were secreted by cells in patients whose tumors did not grow after vaccination.
A report on vaccine markets is criticized for favoring large firms and delaying access to effective vaccines. The author recommends using advanced purchase commitments as a complement to research funding.
Exposing cells to chloroquine prevents acidification of compartments, allowing proteins to escape and be broken down into smaller pieces displayed to cytolytic T cells. This boosts hepatitis B virus-specific T cell responses in up to 70% of vaccine recipients.
A new vaccine made of a sugar-like molecule called beta-glucan protected rodents from fatal fungal infections by triggering the production of anti-beta-glucan antibodies. The vaccine, combining beta-glucan with diptheria toxin, showed promising results in rodent trials.
Researchers at Max Planck have developed a new vaccine that effectively protects against pulmonary tuberculosis, a major killer of adults worldwide. The genetically engineered BCG vaccine stimulates stronger protection by dendritic cells and offers protection against drug-resistant Beijing family isolates.
A study of 1,193 patients found only 94 received the HAV vaccine, highlighting a significant gap in vaccination rates. Patients with chronic HCV were at risk for severe liver disease and death if infected with HAV, emphasizing the need for increased awareness and vaccination efforts.
Researchers have found that few B cells are needed to trigger an effective T-cell immune response in certain cancers. A personalized vaccine used in a Phase I study resulted in an impressive 89% survival rate for patients with mantle cell lymphoma. The study paves the way for future vaccine use in other hematological cancers.
Researchers are working on a next-generation HPV vaccine that is both protective and therapeutic, which can be converted into powder for easier transport. The new vaccine aims to be less expensive than existing options like Cervarix and has shown promise in preventing HPV infection.
Researchers engineer a BCG strain to secrete listeriolysin, enhancing T cell-mediated immunity. The new vaccine strain offers superior protection against tuberculosis, including the highly drug-resistant Beijing/W family.
A study found that HPV16/18 vaccine effectiveness varies significantly across regions, with higher rates in Europe and North America compared to sub-Saharan Africa.
Researchers have developed a new nasal vaccine that decreases Alzheimer's disease (AD) burden in mice by activating microglia to clear beta-amyloid from the brain. The vaccine combines an FDA-approved multiple sclerosis treatment, glatiramer acetate, with a safe and effective nasal adjuvant that has been tested in humans.
A new study at VGTI developed more accurate testing methods for monkeypox, which could be useful in a future outbreak. The researchers found that their test could detect the virus years after infection and even identify vaccinated individuals who were not showing symptoms.
A new canine vaccine has shown complete protection against visceral leishmaniasis in a successful trial, with laboratory experiments confirming the activation of immune cells to eliminate parasites. The vaccine uses antigen proteins excreted by the parasite and has potential for reducing transmission to humans.
A team of scientists has identified a key protein, LcrV, that allows Yersinia pestis to evade the host's immune response. By developing an altered version of this protein, rV10, they have created a potential plague vaccine that triggers only small amounts of IL-10 and protects against infection.
Researchers find B-1a cells regulate innate immunity, while B-1b cells drive adaptive long-term response to infections. The discovery sheds light on vaccine action and potential insights into designing vaccines.
Researchers Hideo Hara and Takeshi Tabira develop an effective oral vaccine treatment for Alzheimer's disease using AAV vector carrying Aß cDNA, which reduces side effects associated with traditional immunotherapy. The treatment has shown promising results in mice, indicating a potential therapeutic approach for the disease.
A new study estimates that dengue fever costs over $13 million annually, equivalent to 940,000 lost workdays of output. A potential vaccine could offset 87% of treatment costs, reducing the economic burden on governments and households.
Scientists at The Wistar Institute discovered that poor T cell responsiveness limits current approaches to therapeutic vaccines. They found that the immune system's ongoing stimulus during chronic infection prevents optimal response to vaccines, which may be improved by lowering viral load or enhancing T cell function.
The project aims to formulate a vaccine with a safe, low-cost additive derived from weakened Salmonella bacteria, which can enhance the immune response. A single-dose oral vaccine is also being developed, making it more accessible and practical for use in developing countries.
A new experimental vaccine has shown promising results in protecting nonhuman primates from Lassa fever. The vaccine, developed using a non-pathogenic form of vesicular stomatitis virus as a carrier, has been successfully tested with all vaccinated monkeys surviving infection.
Researchers have identified a specific region on the yellow fever virus protein that elicits an immune response, which could help improve existing vaccines and reduce severe side effects. The study found that antibodies produced by the immune system interact with this part of the protein to fight off infection.
Scientists at UCSD and Elan Pharmaceuticals have successfully vaccinated mice with a combination of human alpha-synuclein protein and adjuvant, reducing abnormal alpha-synuclein accumulation and promoting nerve cell survival.
Researchers have developed a new technique to produce infectious human papillomavirus (HPV) in the lab, over 1,000 times faster than existing methods. This breakthrough could lead to new antiviral drugs and enhanced vaccines that target early stages of infection.
Researchers at the University of Iowa have discovered a new vaccination strategy that dramatically speeds up the immunization process by greatly reducing the required 'lag time' between initial vaccination and booster shots. This finding has important implications for immunotherapy, where developing immunity fast is critical.
A new combination vaccine for diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis has been found to be effective in providing immunity against whooping cough, with minimal adverse reactions. The vaccine is composed of four protein fragments from the pertussis bacterium and is comparable to existing vaccines in terms of immune response and safety.
A recent study published in JAMA Network found that the Tdap vaccine elicited robust immune responses in adolescents and adults to pertussis, tetanus, and diphtheria antigens. The potential benefits of widespread use of an adolescent and adult pertussis booster vaccine include a reduction in pertussis disease.
A limited study of 15 horses found that MLV vaccines consistently had lower fevers, no neurological disorders and less virus in nasal fluids. The horses were then exposed to the herpes virus after vaccination with either an MLV or inactivated vaccine.
Researchers have developed a new combination vaccine that is highly effective in protecting against pneumonic plague, with antibody levels 500,000 times higher when flagellin is added to the vaccine. The vaccine also shows promise for multiple uses and requires only a few drops in the nose for protection.
Researchers at NYU Langone Health have developed the first mucosal prion vaccine that protects mice from developing prion disease by up to 500 days. The vaccine uses proteins found on disease-causing organisms and has shown promising results in preventing the progression of prion diseases.
Aeras and UCLA announce a license deal for rBCG30, a live recombinant vaccine technology developed at UCLA's David Geffen School of Medicine. The vaccine has shown promising results in initial clinical studies and holds potential to reduce TB disease burden globally.
Boostrix is approved by the FDA for use in US adolescents against pertussis, with reported cases rising nearly 20-fold since 1976. Experts estimate the true incidence of the disease may be greater than one million cases per year, particularly among teens.
A survey of parents with non-medical exemptions found that 69% cited vaccine harm as a reason for exemption. Parents with exempt children reported lower trust in government and medical sources, while also expressing more confidence in alternative medicine professionals.
A study found that 35% of children using complementary alternative medicines (CAM) had lower vaccination rates, while 8.9% were unvaccinated for diseases like measles, mumps, and rubella. Parents' misconceptions about vaccine safety can lead to adverse events and harm their children.
A new study on anthrax attacks suggests post-attack vaccination plus antibiotic therapy is the most effective strategy. Meanwhile, an analysis of data from a large randomized trial found that both metformin and lifestyle changes can slow metabolic syndrome progression, with lifestyle change providing greater benefits.
Researchers found that combination therapy with antibiotics and vaccination is the best strategy for preventing death and disease, while also being the least costly option. The study suggests that widespread pre-attack vaccination is not particularly effective due to high costs, emphasizing the need for rapid distribution systems.
Using informatics and computer modelling, researchers can speed up vaccine development by identifying common patterns in 'foreign' protein sequences. This approach has the potential to significantly reduce the number of proteins that need to be experimentally tested.
Researchers identify renalase as a novel protein regulating cardiac function and blood pressure. WNK1/4 interaction is also crucial for controlling human blood pressure and familial hyperkalemic hypertension (FHHt) risk.