Articles tagged with Lesions
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Researchers have developed a vaccine that triggers an immune cell response within the damaged tissue itself, potentially providing a more accurate way to evaluate its effectiveness. The vaccine has shown promise in treating cervical precancers, with some patients experiencing complete regression of lesions.
A 3D model of Henry Molaison's (H.M.) brain has been created, providing new insight into the neurological basis of his severe amnesia. The study reveals a small lesion in the left orbitofrontal cortex that was likely created during H.M.'s 1953 surgery, which may help scientists understand the consequences of similar operations today.
A new study reports that most colon polyps referred for surgery can be successfully resected endoscopically. The procedure had low adverse event rates and high recurrence rates, but recurrences were treatable. The findings suggest a shift towards outpatient repeat colonoscopy in patients with polyps without cancer.
Primary care physicians who took an online training course about skin cancer detection significantly improved their skill to properly diagnose and manage benign and malignant lesions. The enhanced skill level led to a reduction in unnecessary referrals to dermatology specialists.
The DUTCH PEERS (TWENTE II) trial found that two third-generation permanent polymer-based drug-eluting stents had low rates of adverse clinical events, establishing the non-inferiority of a zotarolimus-eluting stent. The study also showed no significant differences in individual components of the primary endpoint.
A new clinical trial found that a two-stent technique for treating bifurcation lesions with a large stenotic side branch is not associated with improved mid-term outcomes compared to a provisional stenting approach. The study, presented at TCT 2013, showed similar rates of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) between the two techniques.
The TRYTON trial compared a new bare metal bifurcation stent with standard practice and found it safe, but did not meet the non-inferiority endpoint. The strategy showed improved angiographic outcomes in larger side branches, but more frequent peri-procedural CK-MB elevations.
The SMART-CASE trial found that a conservative approach to revascularization for patients with intermediate coronary lesions is safe and comparable to an aggressive strategy. After one year, both groups had similar rates of adverse events and clinical outcomes.
Experts argue that the risk of removing low-risk lesions may outweigh the benefits of screening, citing data showing that less than 5% of adenomas develop into colorectal cancer. The medical profession should not adopt consensus guidelines without further research on sessile serrated polyps.
A skin infection linked to aquariums is frequently under-diagnosed due to its delayed appearance. Researchers say patients often fail to remember the source of exposure, leading to delayed treatment and ineffective use of antifungal agents.
A multicenter trial found that BI-RADS 3 breast lesions have a malignancy rate of 0.8%, with most cancers detected at 12-month follow-up imaging. The study suggests that extending the follow-up interval from six to 12 months for these lesions may reduce unnecessary biopsies and exams.
Researchers found that pregnant sows housed on rubber slat mats had a reduced risk of swelling and wounds on the limbs, but an increased risk of sole and heel lesions. The study suggests that rubber slat mats could improve animal well-being by reducing locomotory problems in swine.
Researchers at MIT have developed a new endoscopy technology that captures three-dimensional images of the colon surface, making it easier to detect precancerous growths. The technique, known as photometric stereo endoscopy, uses multiple light sources to create visual representations of surface features.
A scientific panel recommends personalized strategies to reduce cancer overtreatment by classifying indolent tumors and improving screening strategies. The goal is to detect consequential cancer while avoiding inconsequential disease.
Researchers identify specific genes linked to cervical cancer's development and warn against using antiviral therapies in some cases. The findings may improve diagnosis of potentially dangerous lesions, but highlight the need for caution when using these treatments.
Researchers have discovered that genetically engineered immune cells can promote healing in mice infected with a neurological disease similar to multiple sclerosis. The new finding suggests that immune cells could be engineered to create a new treatment for people with MS.
The DESolve bioresorbable scaffold system demonstrates good efficacy and safety with low rates of late lumen loss and major coronary adverse events at six months. Early vessel restoration is indicated by significant increases in vessel, scaffold, and luminal areas.
Researchers demonstrated PET/CT's ability to identify lesions along the complete intestinal wall, detecting advanced inflammatory changes and unmasking subepithelial disease activity. The technique showed promise in serially assessing IBD activity, potentially benefiting patients with chronic-remittent conditions.
A study found that training women to self-collect genital samples for HPV testing can increase cervical cancer screening coverage in Kenya. Self-collection showed strong agreement with physician-collected samples, indicating its potential as a viable means to detect cervical lesions.
The BIOMARGIN project aims to develop reliable, non-invasive methods to diagnose lesions in transplanted kidneys using integrated 'omics' technologies. The study will consist of four phases, including a retrospective analysis of existing samples to identify biomarkers and validate diagnostic performance.
A study from Yale University found that two views are better than one in 3D breast screening to ensure optimal cancer detection. The CC view achieves better compression and shows lesions clearer due to its ability to compress the breast tissue.
The study found that lymph node volumes were estimated at 30% lower in low-dose scans compared to high-dose scans. Lung nodule volume was also significantly affected, with 46% lower volumes in low-dose scans.
Researchers found that cannula gauge, tip length, set temperature, and lesion time significantly impact heat lesion width and length in radiofrequency treatments. The study provides new insights for pain management and treatment precision.
A novel artificial neural connection bridges the lost pathway between brain and spinal cord, allowing for volitional control of upper limb movement after damage. This study demonstrates that artificial neural connections can compensate for interrupted descending pathways and promote voluntary control.
The GIE special issue discusses the management of serrated colon polyps, including risk factors and management recommendations. Prophylactic clip closure is shown to reduce delayed postpolypectomy hemorrhage in large sessile or flat lesions.
A study found that brain imaging after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or concussion can detect microbleed lesions and tube-shaped linear lesions, which may be associated with vascular injury. These lesions could potentially provide a target for treating people with mTBI.
A recent clinical trial found that combining interferonβ-1a and glatiramer acetate did not reduce relapse risk in multiple sclerosis patients, but reduced new lesion activity and total lesion volume. The study enrolled 1,008 participants over three years.
The DKCRUSH-III trial shows that double kissing crush stenting reduces restenosis and improves long-term outcomes for patients with bifurcation lesions, a type of complex coronary lesion. The study found 6.8% in-stent restenosis rates with double kissing crush versus 12.6% with culotte stenting.
A new drug combination has shown promise in preventing head and neck cancer in high-risk patients. The combination of erlotinib and celecoxib was found to be more effective in inhibiting the growth of human SCCHN cell lines compared to either drug alone.
A new investigational antibiotic cream has demonstrated a high cure rate of 81% for cutaneous leishmaniasis, with only minor reactions reported. The treatment offers a safe and effective option for patients, potentially replacing toxic and painful treatments.
A study published in Neurology found that people with MS relapses had faster retinal thinning than those without relapses. The study also showed that participants with worsening disability experienced increased retinal thinning.
Researchers have found that bilirubin can limit arterial lesions by blocking vascular smooth muscle cell growth, potentially preventing heart attacks and other cardiovascular symptoms.
Researchers at NYU used computer simulations to study the stability of DNA lesions caused by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which can lead to cancer. The study found that some PAH-derived lesions stabilize the DNA they damage, making it difficult for repair proteins to mark them for repair.
The ISAR-LEFT MAIN 2 trial presented at TCT 2012 found that second-generation drug-eluting stents are safe and effective for treating left main coronary artery lesions. The study showed similar clinical outcomes between zotarolimus-eluting and everolimus-eluting stents in patients with high-risk lesions.
A study found that a nitinol stent performed better than balloon angioplasty alone in treating blockages of the popliteal artery, with higher one-year primary patency rates. The trial compared primary nitinol stent placement to angioplasty alone in patients with single obstructive lesions in the popliteal artery.
Researchers found that genetic imbalances in most cases determine the evolution from noninvasive to invasive disease. The study identified patterns consistent with known aberration profiles for breast cancer, including the loss of tumor suppressor CDH1 and gain of oncogene MYC.
A 1.5-million-year-old skull fragment from Tanzania shows signs of anemia caused by a nutritional deficiency, suggesting regular meat consumption in early hominids was common. The discovery supports the idea that early human ancestors were hunters and had a physiology adapted to regular meat consumption.
A novel MRI technique using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) successfully characterizes 46% of non-malignant breast lesions as benign, reducing false-positive findings and preventable biopsies. DWI differentiates high-risk lesions requiring additional workup from other non-malignant subtypes.
A new study by Johns Hopkins Medicine reveals a strong correlation between low vitamin D levels and increased brain lesions in people with multiple sclerosis. Higher vitamin D levels were associated with lower risk of new lesions and active disease spots.
A study published in PNAS found that different regions of the frontal lobes are responsible for behavioral control and decision making. The researchers mapped brain lesions in over 300 patients and showed that damage to specific areas can impair reasoning and decision-making abilities.
A two-year clinical trial found fingolimod to significantly reduce Gd-enhancing lesions, new/enlarging T2 lesions, and brain atrophy in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. Approximately half of the patients receiving fingolimod therapy were free from inflammatory lesions during the study.
A new study found that preoperative MRI exams are equally effective in detecting additional malignancies and high-risk lesions in both dense and non-dense breasts. The study suggests that breast density should not influence the decision to perform a preoperative MRI.
A new study shows that imaging surveillance is a suitable alternative to surgical excision in patients with benign papilloma diagnosed at breast core biopsy without cell abnormalities. The study found no cancer was detected in 66 lesions monitored for at least two years, while 53 lesions were surgically excised, including 50 benign cases.
A new study finds low-dose whole-body CT is nearly four times better than standard imaging for detecting multiple myeloma disease. The study detected 968 lesions compared to 248 using standard imaging, potentially leading to altered treatment plans.
Researchers have found evidence that engineered nanoparticles can accumulate in plants and cause DNA damage. The study tested cupric oxide nanoparticles on radish and ryegrass, finding increased DNA base lesions and cellular uptake of copper in plant root cells.
A Phase II clinical trial found that an oral drug called ONO-4641 reduced the number of lesions in people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. The study showed significant decreases in Gd-enhancing brain lesions, with doses of 0.05mg, 0.10mg, and 0.15mg resulting in 82%, 92%, and 77% fewer lesions compared to placebo.
A study of Medicare data reveals that surgical treatment for nonmelanoma skin cancer has increased substantially since 2001, primarily due to the growing use of Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS). MMS was more likely performed on lesions on the lip and eyelid, and its use varied by age and region.
Researchers found that over 40% of high-risk individuals have detectable pancreatic lesions, which increase with age. Endoscopic ultrasound is more effective than MRI and CT scans in detecting these lesions. Early detection can help prevent the disease by removing precancerous lesions.
A study presented at the Society of Interventional Radiology's annual meeting found that angioplasty can provide symptom relief for MS patients with venous obstructions. The procedure showed significant safety findings and provided symptomatic benefit in 55% of individuals treated.
Ingenol mebutate, a new topical gel, is applied for just a few days and shows comparable results to current therapies. The treatment significantly reduces the time needed to treat actinic keratosis, a common precursor to sun-related squamous-cell carcinoma.
A pilot study shows promise for analyzing bladder pain syndrome by analyzing cells shed into the urine, providing a noninvasive alternative to bladder biopsies. The results show distinct gene signatures for inflammation in patients with Hunner lesions, similar to those found in previous studies of bladder biopsies.
A study by American Heart Association finds that people with severe sleep apnea have a higher risk of silent strokes and white matter lesions. The severity of sleep apnea increases the risk of disability at hospital discharge.
The CDC completed a comprehensive study of Morgellons, finding no infectious agent and no environmental link. The researchers enrolled 109 persons with symptoms, ruling out infection through extensive testing, and determined the fibers were fragments of cloth or debris.
A new endoscope has been developed to locate and clear out gallstones and lesions without removing the entire gallbladder. The device uses a tiny ultrasonic probe to detect small stones and a horn-shaped 'absorbing box' to suck out fine, difficult-to-remove sludge-like gallstones.
The European Society of Cardiology emphasizes the importance of measuring rates of rehospitalization following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures. A US study found that 12.4% of PCI patients need unplanned readmissions, highlighting the need for improvements in care and better data in Europe.
A new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that multiple sclerosis begins in the cerebral cortex, contrary to previous theories. The research involved analyzing 563 brain biopsies and revealed distinct differences in lesions, providing clues for better disease management.
A new collaborative study from the Mayo Clinic and Cleveland Clinic suggests that multiple sclerosis may progress from the outermost layers of the brain to its deep parts. The researchers found that the cortex is involved early in MS and may even be the initial target of disease.
The study reveals that an intact DNA backbone is essential for the formation of Dewar lesions, which can lead to genetic mutations and cell death. An intact backbone keeps the molecule rigid, straining the pyrimidine ring structure and favoring the reaction that leads to stable Dewar lesions.
A retrospective case series review found that carbon dioxide laser ablation had lower recurrence rates compared to radiation therapy, with minimal morbidity. The treatment option is particularly advantageous for large lesions in cosmetically sensitive regions of the head and neck.
A drug-coated balloon inserted into a narrowed bare metal stent restores blood flow by reducing scar tissue development, as effectively as drug-eluting stents. The treatment reduces the body's reaction to a metal jacket in arteries, offering an alternative to traditional stents.