Articles tagged with Melanoma
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A nationwide study in Sweden found that single men are more likely to die of cutaneous malignant melanoma. The researchers discovered that this applies to men of all ages, regardless of education level or residence. Early detection is crucial for survival, as skin cancer can be cured if treated early enough.
Researchers have discovered that specific genetic mutations can increase the risk of melanoma by deactivating a gene that protects chromosomes from damage. This finding has significant implications for early detection and treatment strategies.
Sentinel node biopsy has significantly improved 10-year disease-free survival rates and melanoma-free survival for melanoma patients, reducing the need for extensive lymph node surgery. The procedure has become a worldwide standard in diagnosing melanoma, thanks to Moffitt Cancer Center's pioneering role in its development and teaching.
A decade-long study confirmed the effectiveness of lymphatic mapping and sentinel-node biopsy in detecting melanoma's early spread to lymph nodes, significantly prolonging patients' survival rates. The technique spares patients from unnecessary surgery and substantial costs for those with non-spreading tumors.
Two TAU researchers received $1.35 million in funding for their proposals on melanoma cell movement to the brain and tumor disarmament. Prof. Satchi-Fainaro's team aims to develop targeted nanotherapies, while Dr. Markel's team seeks to enhance immunotherapy success rates.
A Mayo Clinic study found a significant rise in skin cancer among middle-aged adults, with incidence increasing nearly eightfold between 1970 and 2009. Women between 40 and 50 showed the highest rates of increase, while men were more likely to have deeper lesions.
Researchers developed a radiopharmaceutical for identifying melanoma metastases, with higher sensitivity than FDG PET/CT. The treatment, using the same molecule as both a diagnostic and therapeutic agent, showed promising survival rates for patients.
Researchers developed a new statistical model, NOIA, which showed increased power for detecting genetic effects and interactions in cutaneous melanoma. The study identified significant associated genes HERC2, MC1R, and CDKN2A, providing new insights into the influence of gene-gene interactions on melanoma risk.
A new study published by SU2C researcher Roger S. Lo suggests that combinatory therapy may be effective in suppressing drug resistance in the treatment of melanoma. The research found that targeting both the MAPK and PI3K-PTEN-AKT pathways can suppress early and late resistance to BRAF inhibitors.
Researchers at Huntsman Cancer Institute will study the role of the c-KIT gene in melanoma, a devastating skin cancer that often develops resistance to treatment. The new funding will support studies using a novel melanoma mouse model to test whether active c-KIT can initiate melanoma.
A study of 4846 patients treated with ipilimumab reveals that some can survive for up to 10 years, with a plateau in overall survival starting around three years. This finding provides valuable insight into the long-term efficacy of the treatment and its potential as a benchmark for future medicines.
Researchers discovered a potential target for melanoma therapy in the S6K protein and found that a triple combination of drug inhibitors halted the growth of resistant tumors. Early studies also showed no evident signs of toxicity, making this approach a promising new strategy to combat drug-resistant melanoma.
The EORTC trial found that vaccination with GM2/KLH-QS-21 did not improve relapse-free or overall survival rates for patients with stage II melanoma. The vaccine was expected to stimulate antibodies against the GM2 ganglioside, but instead, it led to a higher risk of death and decreased survival rates.
A study found that sleep apnea severity can independently predict melanoma aggressiveness, with more severe cases showing faster tumor growth and deeper invasion. Researchers hope this link may lead to new therapeutic possibilities for people with both conditions.
Recent advances in melanoma research have put the deadly skin cancer at the forefront of cancer research, raising hopes that scientists and clinicians may have cornered the deadliest form of skin cancer. New diagnostic tools and targeted therapies are showing promise in blocking cancer-causing signaling pathways.
A study published in the Journal of the American College of Surgeons found that melanoma recurrence 10 or more years after initial treatment occurs in over 6% of patients. Patients who experience late recurrences tend to live longer and have better survival rates compared to those whose cancer recurs within the first three years.
Researchers found that the experimental drug selumetinib significantly improved progression-free survival, with nearly 16 weeks of PFS, and showed significant tumor shrinkage in patients with advanced uveal melanoma. This breakthrough offers a new treatment option for a historically untreatable disease.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic discovered that patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at a 37% increased risk of developing melanoma. IBD causes chronic inflammation in the intestines, which may contribute to this elevated cancer risk.
A new study of over 1 million Israeli adolescents found a quadrupled higher risk of skin cancer among those of European origin and those immigrating from Europe. Childhood sun exposure is identified as a clear preventable risk factor for melanoma in Israel's subtropical climate.
The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) presents promising strategies to curb the use of indoor tanning devices. These methods aim to tackle not only the risk factors linked with indoor tanning but also the broader social determinants that may drive such behavior.
A study published in PLOS Medicine found that white people with a history of non-melanoma skin cancer, such as basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma, are at increased risk of developing other forms of cancer in the future. The analysis revealed a 15% to 26% higher risk for men and women, respectively.
Researchers found that combining CT imaging findings with baseline serum lactate dehydrogenase levels can accurately predict patient survival. Patients with low baseline serum LDH and evidence of tumor devascularization on their initial post-therapy CT scans are likely to have a favorable response to therapy.
Researchers found that HIF1 and HIF2 are overexpressed in melanoma tumors, promoting the spread of cancer through the lymphatic system. Suppressing these transcription factors reduced the rate of metastasis in mouse models.
Researchers have decoded the platyfish genome, revealing insights into cancer development and complex behaviors. The study found altered genes involved in live-bearing birth and unique molecular changes, shedding light on the evolution of these traits.
The Melanoma Research Alliance has awarded $9.6 million to 49 scientists at 26 institutions globally, focusing on accelerating treatment approaches for metastatic melanoma and understanding its initiation. The grants bring the total MRA funding to almost $48 million.
Gossypin, a naturally-occurring substance, has been shown to inhibit the growth of human melanoma cells and reduce tumor volume in mice. The compound may have great therapeutic potential as a dual inhibitor of mutations that occur in the vast majority of melanoma patients.
Elizabeth Shenk, a BU Biomedical Engineering and Pharmacology Training Program student, received the Research Scholar Award from the Joanna M. Nicolay Melanoma Foundation. The $10,000 grant supports her research on determining which melanomas are likely to metastasize using a three-dimensional engineered platform.
A new study found that women taking aspirin have a reduced risk of developing melanoma, with the longest users showing the lowest risk. Aspirin's anti-inflammatory effects may help protect against this type of skin cancer.
A study published in Science Signaling identified a critical protein role in the spread of melanoma to the lungs. Researchers found that inhibiting the adenosine diphosphate ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) protein reduces melanoma metastasis.
Researchers have discovered a connection between a genetic variant in the FTO gene and an increased risk of developing melanoma. The study, published in Nature Genetics, suggests that this gene plays a role in various diseases beyond obesity and BMI.
Researchers discovered an identical gene mutation in the telomerase gene in all family members with malignant melanoma, leading to overactive telomerase and virtual immortality. The mutation was also found in non-inherited melanomas, suggesting a link between sun exposure and cancer development.
Scientists at Washington University School of Medicine identified a mutated gene, SF3B1, in eye melanoma tumors that predict a good outcome. The mutation is found in a distinct subtype of melanomas unlikely to spread and become deadly.
A study found that four smartphone applications assessing melanoma risk had varying levels of accuracy, ranging from 6.8% to 98.1% sensitivity and 30.4% to 93.7% specificity. Many apps incorrectly classified most melanomas as non-concerning.
A study found that smartphone apps incorrectly diagnose 30% or more melanomas as 'unconcerning', potentially delaying doctor visits and life-saving treatment. The apps often lack regulatory oversight and are marketed to nonclinical users, increasing the risk of harm to the uninsured or economically disadvantaged.
Researchers found that drug-resistant melanoma tumors can be controlled by using an on-again, off-again treatment schedule. This approach may prolong the effectiveness of the drug for people with late-stage disease.
Thousands of melanoma patients are undergoing sentinel node biopsy despite a lack of clear evidence, with up to 96% of cases resulting in unnecessary surgery. The BMJ calls on funders and researchers to demand prompt publication of the full results of the MSLT-I trial.
Scientists at Virginia Commonwealth University have made a significant breakthrough in understanding how cancer spreads, discovering that a specific protein can be inhibited to stop melanoma metastasis. The research could lead to new targeted therapies and diagnostic tools for patients with melanoma and potentially other cancers.
Researchers identify red/blond pigment as contributor to melanoma formation in fair-skinned individuals, suggesting a new mechanism to explain the elevated risk. The discovery may lead to improved sunscreens and measures directly addressing this pigmentation-associated risk.
Researchers discovered a unique immune gene signature linked to microscopic lymph node-like structures in metastatic melanoma, which may predict better survival and enable personalized immunotherapy.
Researchers found a significant increase in malignant melanoma cases in the Västra Götaland region of Sweden, with men and women exposed to more hours of sunlight during their summer holidays. The study suggests that intermittent sun exposure contributes to the development of melanoma.
Transplant recipients and lymphoma patients are at higher risk of developing melanoma, which can be fatal if not detected early. They should be aware of their skin changes and consult a dermatologist regularly.
Phase I and II trials of combining drugs to treat melanoma, including dabrafenib and trametinib, demonstrate a clinically meaningful improvement in progression-free survival, response rate, and duration of response. These studies suggest the potential for new drug combinations to delay resistance to BRAF inhibitors.
Researchers at MD Anderson Cancer Center have identified a promising therapy for NRAS-mutant melanoma patients. By combining two drugs that inhibit proteins Mek and Cdk4, scientists found that the combination shrinks tumors in genetically engineered mouse models.
Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital have discovered a new biomarker for melanoma, a deadly skin cancer. The findings reveal that certain biochemical elements in DNA are absent in melanoma cells, serving as a key indicator for malignant melanoma.
A new CT linked technique improved the detection of positive sentinel lymph nodes and increased disease-free survival rates among melanoma patients. The study found that patients who underwent preoperative SPECT/CT imaging had a higher rate of metastatic node detection and longer disease-free survival.
Researchers found evidence that melanoma manifests differently in children than in adults, particularly with regard to the likelihood and significance of lymph node metastases. Despite higher rates of metastases to sentinel nodes, survival rates for children are comparable or better than those for adults.
A University of Colorado Cancer Center study found that parents' concern about skin cancer does not affect their children's outdoor play time or obesity rates. The research suggests that children can get plenty of physical activity and prevent skin cancer by using sun protection measures.
A recent study published in Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals suggests that high-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) should continue to be the initial treatment for patients with stage IV metastatic melanoma. The researchers recommend intensive IL-2 therapy as a viable option, either alone or in combination with newer therapeutic agents.
Agnieszka Gembarska and Chris Marine discovered a new way to combat melanoma by inhibiting the interaction between MDM4 and p53, restoring tumor suppressive effect in melanoma cells. This approach shows promise for improving clinical response to treatment, particularly when combined with BRAF inhibitors.
A GW School of Medicine and Health Sciences study published in Nature Communications reveals that traditional sun protection may not be effective against skin cancer. The research found that UVA radiation induces melanin formation, which is directly involved in melanoma formation, contradicting the notion of a 'safe tan'.
Researchers identified six genes with driving mutations in melanoma, three of which have recurrent 'hotspot' mutations caused by UV light exposure. The study provides potential targets for new treatments and offers insights into the frequency and characteristics of driver mutations.
Researchers discovered an uncommon mutation of the BRAF gene in melanoma patients that responds to MEK inhibitor drugs. The BRAF L597 mutation is adjacent to the V600 mutation and was found in 4% of tumor samples, suggesting potential benefits from MEK inhibitors.
A new immunotherapy using nanolipogels (NLGs) delays tumor growth, sends tumors into remission, and increases survival rates in mice. The NLGs deliver two components: an inhibitor drug that counters TGF-β and interleukin-2 to boost the immune response.
Researchers at LA BioMed are conducting a study to evaluate the effectiveness of an immune-stimulating topical cream called Imiquimod in treating melanoma. The study aims to assess how Imiquimod combats melanoma tumors at the genetic level and may lead to personalized immune therapy.
The new drug dabrafenib has shown significant improvements in progression-free survival for patients with BRAF mutation-positive melanoma, with an average of 5.1 months compared to 2.7 months with existing treatment dacarbazine. The results also suggest that dabrafenib may have fewer severe side effects than other BRAF inhibitors.
Researchers found that the SETDB1 gene accelerates cancer progression in zebrafish with human BRAF mutations, similar to its effect in humans. The study suggests that SETDB1 may be a master regulator of melanoma and could lead to new treatments.
Dabrafenib, a BRAF inhibitor, demonstrates substantial tumor shrinkage in patients with brain metastases from melanoma. The study also reveals potential for the treatment to prolong survival beyond 12 months.
In a phase I clinical trial, dabrafenib successfully shrank tumors in 9 out of 10 patients with brain metastases. The drug also showed activity in other cancer types with the BRAF mutation. Researchers recommend an oral dose of 150 mg twice daily for future trials.
A team of scientists has sequenced the whole genomes of 25 metastatic melanoma tumors, confirming the role of chronic sun exposure and revealing new genetic changes. The study identified a gene called PREX2, which is mutated in 44% of patients and appears to accelerate tumor development.
Researchers at Moffitt Cancer Center have found a new way to overcome resistance to drugs that target the BRAF gene mutation in melanoma. The study, led by Jeffrey S. Weber and Keiran S. Smalley, showed that an inhibitor called XL888 can restore effectiveness in patients who have developed resistance to existing treatments.